The ethics of teamwork in research

Number of pages: 145 File Format: word File Code: 32629
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Philosophy - Ethics
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    Master's Thesis in Applied Ethics

    Abstract

    Group work in research, like all other areas of human life, is mixed with ethical issues. The dynamics and reliability of research groups is one of the concerns of the scientific community, and ethical issues can be influential in this field. The promotion of ethical values ??in research groups can have a significant effect in answering this concern, and this promotion can be done through ethical charters and guidance for conflict resolution.

    In this research, by determining the parties involved in research group work, the values ??and ethical principles raised in this field, their codes of conduct have been determined, and by examining the methods and solutions for conflict resolution, the application of those ethical rules and these solutions In cases of conflict of rulings and interests, it has been discussed. This research is written based on the methods and goals of applied ethics and is the basis for writing an ethical charter for research groups in the field of humanities in the field and university. The most central discussion in this research is the relationship between moral intelligence, critical thinking and teamwork in research.

    This research is organized based on qualitative research methods. In the third chapter, the fundamental theory method is used to organize the collected information, and in the fourth and fifth chapters, the thoughtful balance method is used. In addition, this research is an applied research.

    Keywords: applied ethics, teamwork, teamwork, collective work, group research, moral intelligence, critical thinking, ethical conflict, ethical charter

    Introduction

    From the 1960s, the philosophers of ethics realized that what had been discussed and investigated by them as the general rules of normative ethics until then was a way to It has not taken anywhere. On the other hand, attention to moral issues had increased significantly at all levels of society. Moral philosophers faced a big challenge in expressing general rules. These rules did not work and did not solve the wandering of the moral agent in the action scene. For this reason, dealing with specific issues was proposed as an inseparable part of the general rules. Too much attention to the totality of rules was reduced and applied ethics was born. With the passing of a little time, this new scientific discipline gained its independence and tried to develop its subject areas.

    Now, there is no area of ??human social life outside the realm of applied ethics. If once there were challenging issues in this area, now applied ethics has something to say for all human social life. With its interdisciplinary nature, applied ethics abandoned the one-dimensional view of issues and gave development and depth to the topics.

    This research, which is written in the space of applied ethics to organize ethical issues in the field of group work in research, tries to be able to have a new word in the classification of materials. The relationship between moral intelligence and teamwork in research is one of the innovations of this research. Another point that stands out throughout the text is a basis of normative ethics called moral egoism. This title should not be misleading. If the reader pays attention to the second chapter and below the ethical principles of teamwork, he will find a relatively new article that will convince him that this rule of normative ethics has been used in a new way and in accordance with practical ethics, and this is another innovation that has occurred in this text, and on this basis, another innovation has occurred, and that is the redefinition of moral conflict. Another innovation is in some topics related to the group, which the thoughtful reader will find the subtle differences of these topics. Another thing is that the structure of the discussion is innovative and such an arrangement of discussions has not been seen anywhere else. In this structure, it has been tried to maintain the logical order of the discussion and each discussion is a kind of introduction to the future discussions.

    In the first chapter, the statement of the problem, research objectives, the importance and necessity of the research, and the questions and the research method were discussed.

    In the second chapter, conceptual and confirmation principles were examined. The discussion of principles in the four axes of ethics, group, teamwork and the principles of teamwork is presented in a little detail. In this section, an attempt has been made to formulate the conceptual and confirmation principles required by this research with the least exaggeration and exaggeration. Although this section has a large volume, it is hoped that the newness of some of the contents and its new interpretation can encourage the reader to read it.In the second part, the background, it should be said that from the point of view of this article, there is no completely matching background and what we have brought are the closest examples to Kam and Kast. In preparing these features, we have used the fundamental theory method. By studying many books and thinking about this topic, many features were obtained, and by categorizing and coding, we tried to aggregate these features and reach more limited features that have originality and superiority. It seems that we have reached this goal to some extent in all three sections.

    In the fourth chapter, it was necessary to express the behavioral codes of the members, the leader, and the codes related to the group, so that it was first clarified who might be related to a research group. The values ??governing teamwork in research and the ethical principles governing this space should also be arranged with the same method as the fundamental theory. Ten main values ??were obtained in three axes, and a total of fifty-nine ethical principles were produced from these values ??in the environment of teamwork ethics in the research. Now everything is ready for developing ethical codes. As a result, one hundred and one ethical codes were written in this axis.

    In the fifth chapter, various methods are introduced in two categories of preventive methods and therapeutic solutions to resolve conflicts, and finally, everything that is stated is applied to examples of conflicts in this field. In this part, instead of an explicit verdict, an attempt has been made to help the ethical agent by expressing considerations so that he can make an ethical decision.

    By completing these five chapters, the main and secondary questions of this research will be answered and the practical ethical goals in this field will be fulfilled. Of course, this area needs more research that should be done as a group.

    In addition to my thanks to my supervisor, Mr. Dr. Mohammad Hossein Rahmati, and my advisor, Mr. Hojat al-Islam and Muslim Hassan Bosliki, for their efforts and accuracy, I also want to thank all the professors who paved the way for me to enter this field.

    Chapter First

    Generalities

    1.1. Statement of the problem

    Regardless of what is the necessity of group work and what are its benefits and harms, when a group is formed according to the wisdom of its formation, it must fulfill its duty and continue working until the end of the predicted time. The obvious fact is that many of our activities in life are done in groups. Group work in research can increase scientific productivity and improve its quality (Alagbandarad). For this reason, the dynamics and reliability of the group is considered a fundamental issue for groups. But many groups are not successful in continuing and maintaining their existence (Hajileri). Several factors have an effect on the realization of these two, i.e., dynamism and reliability. One of these factors is compliance with ethics (Gholami 66).

    This research is based on the objectives of applied ethics [1]. For applied ethics, at least two goals are stated: A: Developing an ethical charter in various professional and non-professional fields; B: Finding a solution to ethical conflicts [2] (Islami, Dabeiri and Alizadeh, Applied Ethics 45 48). In order to fulfill these two goals, one should pay attention to the philosophy of ethics and ethical principles and foundations and present the ethical duty in specific and situational cases with the method of thoughtful balance [3] (Islami, Dabiri and Alizadeh, Applied Ethics 32). How can these principles be adapted in relation to each of the parties related to teamwork? What are the types of ethical conflicts in group work? What is the solution to moral conflicts in group work?

    The answer to these questions can be a way to the dynamics and reliability of the group and keep the group from collapsing and bending, at least in terms of moral issues.

    Of course, groups face different elements and conflicts depending on the type of activity they have; Here we will only deal with scientific groups. The reason for this assignment, as we will say in the background of the research, is that the field is empty of detailed and comprehensive research in relation to such groups. Of course, part of the content presented in this article will also be true in relation to other groups.

    Scientific work is both educational and research. Of course, in the stages of education before higher education, education and research should move together so that students are more successful in learning and research.

  • Contents & References of The ethics of teamwork in research

    List:

    Introduction. 1

    Chapter One: Generalities. 4

    1.1. Statement of problem 4

    2.1. Research objectives 5

    3.1. Importance and necessity of research 6

    4.1. Research question 6

    5.1. Research methodology 7

    6.1. Background of the research 8

    Chapter two: Imaginative and confirmatory principles of research in group work. 14

    1.2. Ethics 14

    1.1.2. The concept of ethics. 14

    2.1.2. Moral intelligence. 15

    3.1.2. Moral judgment. 16

    4.1.2. Moral issue. 16

    5.1.2. Moral conflict. 17

    1.5.1.2. The concept of moral conflict. 17

    2.5.1.2. The origin of moral conflicts. 21

    6.1.2. Ethical decision making. 23

    1.6.1.2. Characteristics of moral decision. 24

    1.1.6.1.2. General features. 24

    2.1.6.1.2. Moral characteristics. 24

    3.1.6.1.2. Islamic features. 25

    4.1.6.1.2. Psychological feature. 25

    2.6.1.2. The place of emotions in decision making. 26

    7.1.2. Applied ethics. 27

    1.7.1.2. The concept of applied ethics. 27

    2.7.1.2. The subject of applied ethics. 28

    3.7.1.2. The goal of practical ethics. 28

    4.7.1.2. The position of practical ethics. 29

    5.7.1.2. Applied ethics method. 31

    8.1.2. Code of ethics. 32

    9.1.2. Code of ethics. 32

    2.2. Group 33

    1.2.2. The concept of group. 33

    Excessive restrictions. 34

    A: Independence of members 34

    B: Influence. 34

    C: Declaration of membership. 35

    D: Recognition by a person. 35

    2.2.2. The difference between the group concept and similar concepts. 35

    1.2.2.2. Difference between group and group. 35

    2.2.2.2. Difference between group and team. 36

    3.2.2.2. Difference between group and organization. 37

    3.2.2. The difference between a member and an individual in a group. 38

    4.2.2. Group division. 38

    1.4.2.2. Hermi and Koroi group. 38

    2.4.2.2. Official and unofficial group. 39

    5.2.2. Steps to convert a group into a team. 39

    First step: affiliation and entry. 40

    Second step: lack of dependence and struggle 40

    Third step: trust and structuring. 40

    Fourth step: work 40

    3.2. Group work 41

    1.3.2. The concept of teamwork. 41

    2.3.2. Group work steps. 41

    3.3.2. The necessity of teamwork. 41

    4.3.2. Types of research work. 42

    5.3.2. Confirmatory principles of research in group work. 45

    1.5.3.2. Theological principles. 45

    1.1.5.3.2. The ratio of revelation and reason in moral issues. 45

    2.1.5.3.2. The method of using revelation sources in moral issues. 46

    2.5.3.2. Anthropological principles. 48

    1.2.5.3.2. Using all the capacities of anthropology. 48

    2.2.5.3.2. Descriptive and not normative anthropology. 48

    3.2.5.3.2. Human agency against environmental and genetic factors. 50

    4.2.5.3.2. Fear of loneliness and the need to connect with others. 50

    5.2.5.3.2. Man is a selfish being 51

    6.2.5.3.2. The relationship between body physiology and action, orientation and insight. 51

    7.2.5.3.2. Belonging to achievements 52

    3.5.3.2. Moral principles. 52

    1.3.5.3.2. The necessity of observing ethics in research group work. 52

    2.3.5.3.2. Egoism or moral otherism. 53

    Chapter three: characteristics of members, leader and research group. 58

    Introduction 58

    1.3. Favorable and unfavorable characteristics of group members 59

    2.3. Desirable and undesirable characteristics of the group leader and manager 68

    3.3. The favorable and unfavorable characteristics of the group 70

    Section: harms of group work 72

    Chapter four: Codes of conduct in research group work. 75

    Introduction 75

    1.4. People involved with the research group 77

    2.4.  The values ??governing teamwork in research 78

    3.4. Ethical principles governing teamwork in research 79

    1.3.4. Creating and protecting self-confidence in members 79

    2.3.4. synergy 80

    3.3.4. Maximum protection of resources. 80

    4.3.4. guarding the truth 81

    5.3.4. Opening the way to reach the truth. 81

    6.3.4. Intellectual independence of members 81

    7.3.4. Proficiency in research. 82

    8.3.4. Proficiency in presenting the results of research. 82

    9.3.4. Scientific coverage of the required information. 83

    10.3.4. Confidence of the scientific community. Confidence of the scientific community in the research results. 83

    4.4. Behavioral codes of group members 84

    5.4. Behavioral codes of the group leader 88

    6.4. Codes related to the structure and internal regulations of group 94

    7.4. Codes related to the relationship between the group and outside the group 97

    Chapter 5: Conflict in research teamwork. 98

    Introduction 98

    1.5 Preventive methods 99

    1.1.5. Educational methods. 99

    2.1.5. Monitoring methods. 103

    3.1.5. Corrective methods. 104

    1.3.1.5. Correcting wrong cultures in society. 104

    1.1.3.1.5. A partner's pot does not boil. 104

    2.1.3.1.5. When the cook is divided into two, the dish is either salty or unsalted. 105

    3.1.3.1.5. If the partner was good, God would also take a partner for himself. 105

    4.1.3.1.5. You don't want to be disgraced, become the same color as the congregation. 105

    2.3.1.5. Correcting unhealthy thoughts. 106

    4.1.5. Incentive methods. 106

    5.1.5. Clarification methods. 107

    1.5.1.5. Clarifying the duties and roles of members in the group 107

    2.5.1.5. Clarifying the position of members in the group 107

    3.5.1.5. Clarifying the material benefits of members in group 108

    4.5.1.5. Clarification of group goals 109

    6.1.5. Promotional methods. 109

    7.1.5. Various methods. 110

    1.7.1.5. Accurate selection of group members 110

    2.7.1.5. Monitoring the behavior of group members 110

    2.5. Therapeutic solutions 111 1.2.5. Support solutions. 111

    2.2.5. Educational solutions. 112

    3.2.5. Resolving conflicts before they arise. 112

    3.5. Application of ethical rules and conflict resolution solutions in group work 113

    1.3.5. Conflicts arising from commitments. 113

    1.1.3.5. Conflict between commitment to different groups and individuals. 113

    2.1.3.5. Conflict between group commitment and individual interests. 116

    3.1.3.5. Conflict between group commitment and individual beliefs. 118

    4.1.3.5. Conflict between commitment to the group and physical or mental health of the individual. 120

    2.3.5. Conflicts of interest. 121

    1.2.3.5. Conflict between individual and group interests 122

    2.2.3.5. Conflict between individual interests and group members 123

    3.2.3.5. Conflict between group interests and individual interests. 125

    4.2.3.5. Conflict between group interests and individual opinions. 126

    5.2.3.5. Conflict between the interests of the group and the physical and mental health of the individual. 127

    3.3.5. Conflicts caused by goals. 128

    Conclusion and suggestions. 130

    Sources 132

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The ethics of teamwork in research