Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to examine the moral teachings (virtues) in the first and second books of the Masnavi.
In all human societies and in all ages, ethics is considered as the pillar of society and has great importance, and its importance has nothing to do with specific religions and societies, but throughout history and in all religions and societies, moral virtues are praised and moral vices are praised.
The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical.
In this thesis, firstly, the definition of ethics, its importance and necessity, the history and background of ethics, and its relations with other sciences, the division of ethics according to the great scholars, and then the introduction of moral teachings and virtues in the Masnavi. One of the important results of the present research is that almost the smallest page of the Masnavi and Manavi can be read, in which He has not mentioned moral dos and don'ts, and he has usually spiced up a story so that the concept will stick in the mind of the reader, and in this work he has usually used Quranic verses and narrations.
Introduction
The science of ethics contains important and significant issues. In all human societies and in all ages, ethics is considered as the pillar of society and has great importance, and its importance has nothing to do with specific religions and societies, but throughout history and in all religions and societies, moral virtues and teachings They have criticized moral praise and vices.
In this research, in the first chapter, which is the generality of the research, he has explained the problem, the importance and necessity of the research, the purpose of the research, the research questions, and the research hypotheses.
In the second chapter, which is the background of the research, the life, poetry, and works of Rumi, the history of moral writings, and the books on ethics and the development of moral books in Islamic culture, and the most important moral writings, such as the revival of religious sciences, are comprehensive. Al-Saadat and It has been mentioned.
In the third chapter, the research method and tools of information gathering and the method of information analysis have been discussed.
In the fourth chapter, the findings of the research and analysis have been reviewed so that first the definition of ethics, the subject of ethics, the importance and purpose, and the relationship of ethics with other sciences such as religion, jurisprudence, philosophy, education and training, psychology, medicine. and the contemporary time, as well as the types of ethics and the highest moral schools and the school of happiness and virtue, and the difference between these two schools is mentioned. In the following, theoretical and practical ethics, as well as ethics in the Masnavi of moral virtues and vices, the definition of virtue and vice, and then the four principles of ethics, are mentioned. The point of view of the Holy Quran is mentioned and in the continuation of the poems of the first and second books of Mawlawi's Mawlawi Masnavi, the study and virtues and moral teachings that are emphasized in the poems are separated and the verses of the Holy Qur'an are examined and some hadiths and traditions that are related to the moral teachings in the Mawlawi poems are examined and a reference is also made to moral vices. He has mentioned many moral virtues and vices in his poems, and it is rare to find a page that is not free of moral dos and don'ts, all of which are inspired by the Qur'an, traditions and hadiths, and in order to understand these concepts, Molavi has seasoned those poems with anecdotes and stories.
1-1 Introduction
The science of ethics contains important and significant issues that throughout history in all societies and religions have praised virtues and condemned and prohibited vices.
The works of the scholars of ethics are full of the classification of these dos and don'ts and the role of each one in human life, in addition to the verses of the Holy Qur'an, it repeatedly invites man to this virtue and forbids vice. It can be found that it is not devoid of dos and don'ts, and this is inspired by the Qur'an and hadiths.
This dissertation is a summary of these teachings.
1-2 statement of the problem
The science of ethics, as one of the most important sciences, has a special classification that consists of two important parts of shoulds, such as honesty, keeping promises, sincerity, trust, satisfaction, trustworthiness, patience, etc. It consists of extravagance, mockery, theft, etc., and its importance is enough that the verses and traditions express this issue.
In this research, firstly, the definition of ethics, the history of ethics, its importance, its purpose, and the characteristics of the moral system of Islam, and then the discussion of the virtues and vices according to different authors, and then by examining the Masnavi poetry, the definition of the virtues and vices of morality, Quranic evidence, hadiths, traditions, and evidence in the Masnavi are discussed.
1-3 Importance and Necessity of Research
Moulana is one of the pillars of Persian poetry and his poetry always contains secrets and concepts that without thinking and meditating on his poetry and knowing the key words, you can never understand the depth of its meaning. On the other hand, ethics and moral values ??are very important not only in Islam, but in all religions, religions and cultures. In addition to the fact that ethics is one of the pillars of Islam, it is also the factor that connects man to God.
Ethical values ??have a special place in Molavi's poetry, and his poetry has an inseparable link with ethics and moral virtues and vices. Conducting this research can tell the moral issues to a large extent and draw the audience's attention to interesting points. Ethical roots
4- Expressing the moral similarities of the Masnavi and Persian mystical and ethical works
1-5 main research questions
One of the basic issues in which all human life flows is ethics. Ethics can be examined and analyzed from different perspectives. And different thinkers with different intellectual and religious tendencies have paid attention to it in different historical periods in different ways. It is possible to find appropriate answers to the following questions: 1- What are moral virtues and vices? 2- In which categories can Rumi's moral thoughts be placed? 3- What are the roots and origins of his moral thoughts? Can Rumi still be effective today?
1-6 Research Hypotheses
1- Maulvi has raised moral issues in an inconsistent manner and in the background of various anecdotes.
2- His moral thoughts are rooted in the Quran, Hadith and Islamic mysticism.
3- It is possible to consider Maulvi's moral thoughts in three areas:
A) Individual ethics
B) Family ethics
C) Political and social ethics
There is a place.
4- Molavi has given many anecdotes for moral values ??and anti-values.
5- Masnavi ethics is based on following the tradition and adherence to Sharia.
Research background
1 Maulvi
The name of Maulana Muhammad and his surname is Jalaluddin, and all historians have mentioned him by this name and title.
Maulvi was born in the city of Balkh and he was born on the 6th of Rabi al-Awwal in the year 604 AH, and the reason for his fame as Rumi and Mula of Rome was the length of his stay in the city of Konya, which is his residence and burial place, but he himself always considered himself a member of the people of Khorasan. And he loved the people of his city and did not neglect their memory