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Number of pages: 118 Category: Psychology

In order to receive a master's degree in the field of cognitive psychology, the aim of this study was to study the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the words used in the common titles of Persian language websites inside and outside the country and to determine its relationship with the arousal, pleasantness and dominance of the whole news headline and to evaluate domestic ...

Number of pages: 89 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in the field of educational technology (M.A.) Abstract The aim of the current research is to investigate the methods of graphic illustration on the website of smart schools. The statistical population of the research consists of all the websites of smart schools in Kermanshah province, and 1 website was randomly selected for the ...

Number of pages: 269 Category: Management

Dissertation for M.A. specialization: Marketing Winter 2011-1-Introduction Today, with the competitive markets and continuous changes in the environment, organizations have realized the fact that human

Number of pages: 73 Category: Management

Thesis Management Group for M.A.” Shahrivar 1391, the abstract of banks is one of the institutions

Number of pages: 231 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of painting in February ???? Abstract Shahnameh Madhi is a Shahnameh that was prepared by Ottoman artists in the first half of the 17th century. Introduction of this K

Number of pages: 204 Category: Management

Thesis of master's degree in business management, international business orientation, winter 90, abstract, rapid growth under the structures of the Internet, new opportunities and methods for doing business to all the world.

Number of pages: 124 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Geography, specialization: Climatology in environmental planning. Abstract Different climatic parameters such as temperature, humidity and rainfall in a place are factors that influence the climate of that region and knowing them determines the climate of that region. Climate change is one of the most important climate issues ...

Number of pages: 150 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Social Communication Sciences Abstract In today's era, when information-based communication has penetrated geographical boundaries and has marked tremendous changes in the global arena, the media as a useful tool can help the people of the 21st century to achieve a desired, ideal and fruitful life by using the latest scientific achievements; In addition, if ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Educational Sciences

The thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of librarianship and communication. The abstract of the present research examines and compares the information-seeking behavior of graduate students of Islamic Azad and Kurdistan University, Sasandaj branch, on the global web based on the Ellis model. The research method is a survey and the data is collected through a ...

Number of pages: 312 Category: Psychology

Dissertation: clinical for obtaining the degree of Master of Psychology (MA) The abstract of the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of therapy schemas on reducing marital conflicts and increasing the mental health of married students. In this study, a quasi-experimental method (pre-test, post-test with a control group) was used.

Number of pages: 156 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

The abstract of the current research was conducted with the aim of knowing the role of the internal factors of the newsroom on the quantity and quality of television news. In this research, which was conducted through a survey method by distributing a questionnaire among a statistical sample of the employees of the Central News Unit of the Islamic Republic of Iran; The ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Economics

(To obtain a master's degree) 2013 Abstract: Oil as a strategic commodity has an important role in both economic and political terms. The world economy, especially during the last half century

Number of pages: 263 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Orientation: Philosophy of Islamic Education Abstract: The general purpose of this research is to explain the approach of critical thinking in the field of education and comparative analysis of its foundations based on the teachings of Islamic education. According to the nature of the research topic, a descriptive-analytical research ...

Number of pages: 165 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" » Field of Educational Research Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the establishment of the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone on the quality of life of the people of Asalouye region. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Management

Master's thesis in information technology management, comprehensive quality trend, first chapter, introduction, the emergence of the global village, which has been in existence for several decades, has brought about tremendous changes in matters related to the management and organization of organizations, which unfortunately, not only did our country not contribute to its ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Librarianship

Academic thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of accounting: In this chapter, the main problem of the research is explained first, and then the importance and necessity of the research topic is explained, because creating liquidity for securities is considered one of the most important functions of capital markets. In fact, liquidity is the most important ...

Number of pages: 164 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" » Field of Educational Research Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the establishment of the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone on the quality of life of the people of Asalouye region. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis of Social Communication Sciences Abstract Iran, despite Iran's capabilities in the field of tourism, unfortunately has not yet been able to achieve a worthy position in this industry, and the most important thing is the weakness of the advertising industry in attracting tourists to Iran. The internet and electronic tools provide the basis for displaying tourism ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

An academic thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of: geography, orientation: political, abstract of this research, using descriptive and analytical methods and using questionnaires, studies and field observations, analyzes the role of Bandar Anzali city in the organization of the political space of Gilan province, and the purpose of this research is to analyze the ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, Major: Accounting, Abstract: Economic information in countries is considered as important and influential information, which is one of the most used cases of this information in the capital markets of countries. Financial managers of companies consider all aspects in making decisions and planning in the field of optimizing the ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for M.S. Accounting Abstract One of the topics that has attracted the attention of many economists today is the transfer of shares of government institutions to the private sector. There are debates and disagreements among economists and researchers about the efficiency and effectiveness of some companies in the private sector. One of the main goals of privatization ...

Number of pages: 160 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting (M.A) Abstract The topic of ethics and practicing professional ethics is one of the serious and important topics in the field of accounting, which directly affects the honesty and ability of accountants to gain public trust. Especially, the lack of correct and ethical training can lead to fraudulent activities. Therefore, the importance of the ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Management

Dissertation for the Master's Degree in Business Administration, Orientation: International. Abstract The purpose of this research is the impact of service customization on the satisfaction, trust and loyalty of customers of Bank Melli branches in Langrod city. The statistical population of the research consists of all the customers of Bank Melli branches in Langrod city. Based ...

Number of pages: 157 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Orientation: General Abstract: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of parents' conflicts in children's adjustment (self-confidence, aggression, mental health). The statistical population of this research consists of middle school students. The sampling method of this research is random. Measurement tools ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: management, orientation: business-marketing Abstract: Medical equipment is one of the important and influential factors in human life, and the medical equipment market also accounts for a significant part of financial transactions. Therefore, the marketing of medical equipment is an important matter. On the other hand, ...

Number of pages: 165 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

An academic thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of: Geography, specialization: tourism planning. In this research, the ecotourism attractions in Ramyan city of Golestan province and providing solutions for the development of ecotourism in this city have been investigated. To present the solutions, two techniques of SWAT and hierarchical analysis were used. First, ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) in Information Systems Management Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of using e-government on improving accountability in the government offices of Malekan city. For this purpose, a main hypothesis and five sub-hypotheses were designed. The statistical population of this research is all the referents of the ...

Number of pages: 148 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in business management, domestic business orientation. Abstract Nowadays, internet banking, using web and internet technology, enables customers to carry out their financial activities in a virtual environment. The research conducted on the acceptance of internet banking by customers enhances the understanding of customer's opinions about ...

Number of pages: 163 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation to receive a master's degree (M.A) in natural geography, specialization: climatology in environmental planning, abstract: natural disasters have been the most important cause of human concern at all times. Landslides are one of the most important natural disasters that cause financial and human losses every year, which creates problems in the implementation of ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc.) Field: Geography and Urban Planning Abstract of the 20th century considering the increase in urban population, change in lifestyle, the distance between stakeholders, managers and urban planners, sustainable development has been proposed as one of the most important paradigms of urban management at different levels. One of the main ...

Number of pages: 183 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: business management, orientation: international business. Abstract Previously and even until the end of the 20th century, ensuring customer satisfaction and loyalty was more of a slogan. Today, many efforts are made to improve quality management tools and expand the culture of customer orientation by researchers, experts and ...

Number of pages: 183 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: business management, orientation: international business. Abstract Previously and even until the end of the 20th century, ensuring customer satisfaction and loyalty was more of a slogan. Today, many efforts are made to improve quality management tools and expand the culture of customer orientation by researchers, experts and ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis in Moving Image Abstract: This research examines the theoretical concepts and structural features of interactive moving images and intends to analyze the origin, consequences and effects of digital technology in the creation of these works in addition to defining the concept of interaction in animations presented in the context of modern media. The research ...

Number of pages: 332 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation to receive a master's degree (M.A) specialization: visual communication Abstract of the thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): The objectives of this research are to investigate the capabilities of Persian typography in relation to the titling of cinematographic films, because through typography it is also possible to ...

Number of pages: 213 Category: Literature - Persian Language

The thesis of the master's degree in dramatic literature was Nikolai Gogol, a Russian novelist and dramatist, who dealt with social realities with an emotional and humorous look in his works. In the first chapter, the generalities of the research are presented. In the second chapter, Luk?cs's point of view in this field is also explained. In the third chapter, Gogol's approach ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree, field: business management, orientation: insurance, abstract: nowadays, the implementation of office automation has provided many benefits for organizations, including their customers. Speed, accuracy, safety, etc. are among these advantages. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of administrative automation on ...

Number of pages: 220 Category: Management

Dissertation for the Master's Degree in Business Administration, International Business, Abstract: The information revolution and network hyperspace have transformed the marketing landscape and its traditional players, and new opportunities have been provided to business owners. Easy access to information, the possibility of quick comparison of products and many other Internet ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning (M.A.) Summary of quality of life as a concept to show the level of satisfaction of a person with life and in other words a measure to determine the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups from different aspects of life. The quality of urban life is one of the most important areas of urban ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree in Geography, Tourism Planning, Abstract: Handicrafts are considered to be the objective crystallization of culture and artistic manifestations and types of applied and folk arts, and since each handiwork reflects the historical, social and cultural characteristics of its place of production, it can be considered an important factor in ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Computer Engineering (M.Sc) Software Orientation Abstract The use of agile methods in software development instead of traditional methods has been expanding for some time. These methods, which have been presented as a reaction to the inherent problems of traditional methods, have promised the realization of new goals and values. Unlike ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Academic Thesis for Master's degree in the field: Natural Geography-Climatology in Environmental Planning Abstract Rains of more than 100 mm in one day are one of the causes of floods and natural hazards, and knowing how they occur and the extent of their effects helps greatly in reducing possible environmental damage. The current research was conducted to identify and ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Natural Geography Abstract Iran is a vast country that, due to its special location and topographic features, lacks water and It has a different atmosphere. For this reason, most of Iran is in the dry climates of the world. In addition to the lack of rainfall, the extreme fluctuations of rainfall in daily, seasonal and annual scales are among ...

Number of pages: 175 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: business management, specialization: transformation management. Abstract One of the most valuable assets of any company is the brand equity. Companies that have a high position in the minds of consumers in terms of special brand value can easily be considered more profitable among other companies in their respective ...

Number of pages: 287 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Degree Thesis Abstract This thesis is a research on the recognition of surrealism, not as an artistic style, but in terms of philosophical and artistic thought and perspective and the entry of this thought into the field of photography and its surrealistic application in contemporary graphics. For this reason, a major part of the treatise is dedicated to examining and ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Field: Computer Engineering Major: Abstract Common method software that deals with packers includes the following steps: 1. Identify a packer. To identify a packer, it must be assigned to a packer group. Doing this is not as easy as it seems. There are many packers whose code is static, and which can be identified using simple strings. But ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Artificial Intelligence Abstract Today, social networks such as Facebook have become very popular, because they allow people around the world to communicate with their friends without physical contact, leave messages for them, and express their opinions on various topics. Identifying organizations in social networks is very useful in different fields, so this ...

Number of pages: 192 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: business management, internal orientation. Dissertation abstract: Due to the competitiveness of the banking industry in today's era, banks must be able to have a long-term and stable relationship with their customers in order to stand out from their competitors. For this purpose, banks must identify the expectations of ...

Number of pages: 119 Category: Management

Dissertation for the Master's degree ""M.A"" field of business management - marketing orientation Abstract E-commerce provides a potential field to help create simple, smooth, productive, transparent and effective relationships between commercial sectors and consumers, consumers with commercial sectors, consumers with each other and commercial sectors with each other. Therefore, ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in computer engineering (Sc. M) orientation: software. Abstract Failure in systems with sensitive applications can cause irreparable disasters. The design of this category of systems should be such that in the event of an error, they are able to perform their duties correctly, in addition to preventing the occurrence of errors as much ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of computer software, the use of context, as dynamic information that describes the status of users and items, and affects the decision-making process and selection of users, is necessary in order to improve the quality of the offer by the recommender systems in mobile commerce. In this research, a new multidimensional method for context-aware ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation in Master's Degree Abstract The subject of this research is the analysis of the content of religious Facebook pages, and during it, an attempt has been made to analyze the structure of religious pages in the Facebook space, considering the importance of Facebook in the virtual space and also the place of religion in life. The existence of many religious pages raises ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Computer Engineering

Computer Engineering Master's Thesis Abstract Web development that lacks an integrated structure creates many problems for users. Not finding the information needed by users in this huge warehouse is one of the problems of web users. In order to deal with these problems, web personalization systems have been provided, which by finding the behavior patterns of users without their ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Management

Abstract: The ever-increasing expansion of information and communication technology on one hand and competitive pressures as well as the changing expectations of customers on the other hand have made the use of information and communication technology more necessary for all industries, organizations and businesses. E-insurance as a part of e-commerce and a wave that is no less ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Direction: ""Marketing"" Abstract Today, with the advancement of technology, all the concepts related to the market and consumer have undergone fundamental changes. The prevalence of computer use as one of the most effective technologies of this century, as well as the spread of the Internet and its combination with the supply and sale of ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Geography / Political Orientation Abstract: Border refers to a spatial phenomenon that reflects the territory of a government's political sovereignty and, according to certain rules, creates an obstacle to human movement, the transfer of goods, the dissemination of ideas, etc. One of the important topics about international ...

Number of pages: 128 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Abstract Art Research In Islam, every art is measured by the criterion of being as close and effective as possible to the human spirit. The closest thing to our soul is our body. Therefore, any art that deals with the body is important. Clothing is the most important of all of them. After the body, clothes are the ...

Number of pages: 179 Category: Art - Graphics

Introduction: During the 1960s, graphic design was proposed as a way to solve communication and information problems, and in the same way, it was also proposed as a fashion in the mass media. Something that was related to the taste of being up-to-date and even progress. But the change in its style was the result of several effective factors such as technological advances in the ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Master's Thesis of Information Technology Engineering Abstract In today's world, the Internet and its most important service, the Web, has caused many changes and transformations in human life. The Internet provides all the needs of people to communicate with each other, to obtain information in any field, play and entertainment, education and any field that comes to mind. The ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Computer Engineering

Non-continuous master's degree in computer engineering Abstract Today, the popularity of social networking sites among people is undeniable, sites that provide users with many possibilities for communication between people. One of the basic problems in analyzing these types of networks is predicting new connections between people in the network. Fuzzy method, as one of the ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis Field: Computer Engineering Major: Software Abstract Expensiveness of information is a major problem in the current web. To deal with this problem, web personalization systems have been provided that adapt the content and services of a website to people based on their interests and browsing behavior. A fundamental component of any web personalization system is ...

Number of pages: 119 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis of Computer-Software Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract In the age of information, the web has become one of the most powerful and fastest means of communication and interaction between people. Search engines as web applications automatically navigate the web and receive a set of available documents. The process of receiving, storing, classifying and indexing is done ...

Number of pages: 220 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (MA) specialization: regional planning Abstract of the thesis: The studies that were carried out in this research based on the problems and dilemmas of Tehran, which some suggested ""moving the capital"" as a way out of the current situation of the metropolis of Tehran, were examined, considering the long history of this plan since 1368 and the ...

Number of pages: 192 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering - Marine Structures Abstract In this research, while using the results of SPT and CPT tests carried out in 4 different points of the Shahid Rajai Port Development Project site and using the methods of Seyed Idris and Robertson Ride, the liquefaction potential of the region is evaluated. Such an agent

Number of pages: 105 Category: Computer Engineering

A master's thesis in the field of computer-software engineering. Software vulnerabilities can lead to financial and information losses. Due to the limited financial and human resources, prioritizing the damages is very important. Before this research, a large number of researchers have classified vulnerabilities based on empirical and statistical knowledge. However, the variable ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's thesis (M.sc) Abstract: Nowadays, spam [1] is one of the main problems of search engines, because they make the quality of search results unfavorable. In recent years, there have been many advances in detecting fake pages, but new spamming techniques have also emerged in response. It is necessary to improve anti-spam techniques to overcome these attacks. A common ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Information Technology Management, Information Systems, Abstract The Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee, as one of the popular institutions, in drawing its basic policies, emphasizes support, cooperation and popular participation, and on this basis, it considers the attraction of popular aid as a mechanism for guiding popular participation ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Management

Dissertation for the master's degree in the field of executive management, marketing orientation. The abstract of this research deals with ""investigating the impact of price flexibility on the buying behavior of online customers"". The present research is practical in terms of purpose and the research method is descriptive and survey type. It asks for people's views and ...

Number of pages: 237 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis of Islamic Arts, metal specialization Abstract: Art suffered stagnation and decline in the early centuries of Islam's arrival in Iran due to the instability of the governments. However, the 3rd to 5th centuries of Hijri were a fruitful era in all cultural aspects including Islamic art. This part of history played a significant role in the formation, expansion and ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field of business management, financial orientation. Abstract In this research, as an example, forecasting the timing of stock transactions of 17 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange was carried out. In this way, firstly, the primary data, which includes 3 variables of the final price, the lowest price and the highest stock price during the period ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Abstract In today's world, where the use of the Internet and the use of social networks has expanded greatly and has affected various aspects of human life, as well as the imperceptible change in the behavior of users in dealing with social networks, the analysis of user behavior has become very important for organizations. Many factors that influence user behavior do not have ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of electricity and telecommunications. Abstract Analysis of the compensation error of the platform movement in the quality of radar imaging in stripmap mode. SAR is one of the most important branches of ""remote sensing"" science, which has received the attention of researchers for years due to its wide applications. In Iran, in recent years, ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Management

Abstract: This research deals with factors affecting information asymmetry by considering company variables and market factors and examines the relationship of information asymmetry with liquidity and liquidity risk. Next, it examines the relationship between liquidity risk and excess stock returns. For this purpose, the information of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock ...

Number of pages: 63 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in the field of Analytical Chemistry, Abstract Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles with small size and biological stability are very important and have various biomedical applications. In this work, an easy and simple method for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using willow tree bark extract is reported. The bark of the willow ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""MSc"" specialization: applied chemistry Farsi abstract of the thesis or dissertation (including: summary of objectives, implementation methods and results obtained in maximum 10 lines): The possibility of manipulating matter at the nano level was first proposed in written form by Richard Feynman. During his conference called ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of chemical nanoengineering Abstract The synthesis of silicon dioxide nanoparticles from silicon oil waste using the synthesis method of silicon dioxide nanoparticles [1] has many industrial applications. The industrial use of these particles in traditional fields as well as new fields is expanding, for which new applications are continuously found. ...

Number of pages: 156 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of electricity and telecommunications. Abstract Analysis of the compensation error of the platform movement in the quality of radar imaging in stripmap mode. SAR is one of the most important branches of ""remote sensing"" science, which has received the attention of researchers for years due to its wide applications. In Iran, in recent years, ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Health - Health

Dissertation for Master's degree in Healthcare Management Abstract: Introduction: Energy resources are considered one of the most important sources of service in the hospital. The purpose of this research was to compare the amount of energy consumption before and after the implementation of the targeting plan of subsidies in the hospitals of the Ilam Institute of Medical ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.Sc.) major: agricultural economics and estimation of the cost of destruction of underground water resources due to over-harvesting in Barshuri (case study: grain farmers of Arsanjan city) by: Jalil Khadem Al-Husseini Abstract Over-harvesting of underground water tables due to lack of proper management has led to a decrease in the ...

Number of pages: 113 Category: Economics

An academic thesis for receiving a master's degree in exchange-related agricultural economics is considered one of the important tools for analyzing macroeconomic issues. The main goal of the research is to determine the effect of economic globalization on the exchange relationship of Iran's agricultural sector. In this research, the value of export and import of agricultural ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Management

Business Management Thesis: Introduction: The world we live in is witnessing tremendous changes. The speed of these developments is increasing day by day, so that it cannot be compared with the distant past in any way. If we want to be ready to accompany and have the necessary power to keep pace with these developments, we must inevitably create and develop appropriate and ...