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Download more than 100 examples of thesis, proposal and project topics about urinary system in editable WORD file format at undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels for use and reference in research, articles, theses, student and academic projects.

Number of pages: 69 Category: Medical Sciences

The final report of the research project abstract Introduction: Timely and accurate diagnosis is very important as the first step in the treatment of urinary stones. Therefore, we decided to compare the new method (Computed Tomography of Kidney, Ureter And Bladder) CT KUB with the conventional method of IVP (Intravenous Pyelography) stone detection. Materials and methods: ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation to receive a Ph.D. degree in Pharmacy Persian Summary Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the occurrence of infection due to the entry and growth of bacteria in any part of the urinary system, including the organs that collect and hold and excrete urine, namely the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. UTI is usually caused by the entry of bacteria that can live in ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of General Medicine Abstract Introduction: Kidney stones have been known since ancient times. Bladder stones have been seen in the examination of Egyptian mummies from 7000 years ago. Urinary stones are the third most common disease of the urinary tract, and the evidence shows that the incidence of this disease has continuously increased in ...

Number of pages: 64 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation (or Thesis) to receive the master's degree ""M.SC"" in microbiology. Abstract: Abstract: E.coliO157H7 bacteria is one of the main causes of food poisoning and diseases such as diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombocytopenic purpura and even death in humans. The aim of this study is to evaluate pathogenic genes 1stx, 2stx, eaeA in urine ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Sports Physiology Abstract of Dissertation (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the combination of resistance exercise and water thistle extract on liver enzymes in healthy male rats, and according to the objectives and nature of the ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Physical Education - Sports

(Master's degree in physical education (pathology and corrective movements) The effect of yoga exercises and central stability on balance and posture abnormalities of women with multiple sclerosis Abstract Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is the most common progressive neurological disease in young adults. This disease causes the destruction of myelin in the nerved axons and ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Major: Exercise Physiology Abstract Considering the lack of research on the effect of various types of resistance training on urinary protein excretion, the purpose of this study was to compare the acute and chronic effects of two types of continuous and intermittent resistance training on resting proteinuria and in response to exercise in ...

Number of pages: 96 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Master's Thesis in the field of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Physiology. Abstract: Investigating the effect of four weeks of isometric handgrip exercise on changes in blood flow-related vascular dilation and blood pressure in women with hypertension. It seems that hypertension has a complex relationship with endothelial dysfunction. Increased blood pressure ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) Major: Sports Physiology Abstract of the thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the combination of resistance training and water thistle extract on liver enzymes in healthy male rats, and according to the objectives and nature of the ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in nursing education (internal surgery) Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most important public health issues that has a strong social impact on the morbidity and mortality rates of the population. Since people with TBI often lose their functional abilities and live dependent lives, as a result, these ...

Number of pages: 96 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation to receive a general doctorate degree Abstract Introduction and purpose: Since 1980, new groups of antibiotics called oxyimmunocephalosporins, which were resistant to the hydrolytic activity of beta-lactamases, were used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections. In the early 1990s, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) produced by gram-negative bacteria ...

Number of pages: 74 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for Doctor of Pharmacy Persian Summary In this research, the effects of 17-alpha methyltestosterone and hollanjan plant extract on the reproductive system and adrenal system (hormone cortisol) were investigated in adult male mullet. For this purpose, after dechlorinating the water in the aquariums, 100 pieces of adult male Molly fish with an average weight of 1 ± 3 ...

Number of pages: 70 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's Thesis in Microbial Biotechnology Abstract Probiotics are food containing living microorganisms that are useful for the body. In other words, a probiotic is a live edible microorganism that has a positive effect on the cells of the host body and improves and increases the microbial balance of the consumer's body. Probiotics are often used in the production of fermented ...

Number of pages: 76 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in applied chemistry, Persian abstract. In this research, graphite particles were converted to graphene oxide by Hammer's method. Graphene nanoparticles are one of the best and most effective absorbent materials that have been produced so far. Graphene is one of the successful allotropes of carbon in the field of drug absorption and ...

Number of pages: 67 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for receiving a professional doctorate degree Introduction: According to the studies conducted, the prevalence of various causes of intestinal obstruction is different in the west and east of the planet, and finding the common causes in Shahrood, which is the goal of this research project, can lead the doctor to a better diagnosis. During the studies that were ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Paramedical

Master's Thesis in Special Care, Special Care, Abstract Background and Objective: Improving the quality of central venous catheter care requires raising the level of nurses' awareness of the standard guidelines for catheter care and the results of research in this field. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the ...

Number of pages: 55 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (MD) Abstract: Introduction: Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignancy and the fourth cause of cancer-related death. Considering the high prevalence and the high rate of tumor recurrence and since there are no comprehensive statistics and information about the prevalence of bladder cancer and disease ...

Number of pages: 64 Category: Paramedical

Abstract Introduction: It is estimated that about 2-3% of people in the society are suffering from urinary tract stones. Basic work cannot be done for the prevention and medical treatment of these patients, but simple and convenient surgical methods have been invented to remove stones. In this study, we decided to compare the new PCNL method with open stone surgery. Materials ...

Number of pages: 46 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract To investigate the effect of Nestern base on the vegetative and reproductive growth of four rose cultivars, the experiment was conducted as a factorial with two factors in the form of a randomized complete block design in 3 replications. The first factor (A) includes four cultivars of rose Tabo (red), Superstar (orange), Dr. Benjamin (pink) and Evening Star (yellow) and ...

Number of pages: 44 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for receiving a specialized doctorate degree in internal medicine, abstract of the effect of probiotic Femilact on the clinical symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, background: irritable bowel syndrome It is a functional disease of the digestive system, the cause of which is not fully known. The microbial flora of the digestive system has been stated as one of its ...

Number of pages: 61 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation: Dissertation for receiving a specialized doctorate degree in internal medicine Persian abstract Title: Comparison of the effectiveness of two-week and three-week treatment with prednisolone in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients of Khansari Hospital Introduction: ITP is an acquired disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of platelets or ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Animal Husbandry - Poultry Farming

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in agricultural engineering, food science and industry, orientation: food microbiology Abstract Cheese is one of the most nutritious and important milk products and the most important dairy product, which is the result of coagulation of cow, sheep, goat and ewe milk or a mixture of 2 or more types of them that is pasteurized by one of ...

Number of pages: 99 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of agriculture and plant breeding, agriculture trend. Abstract In order to investigate the effects of plant smoke extract and aerosol smoke on germination rate, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling weight, seedling root and root to shoot ratio, as well as some growth indicators, in three medicinal plants, fox berry, chamomile ...

Number of pages: 164 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A. Public Management, Financial Orientation, Winter 2019) Summary of the present research with the aim of ""investigating the significant difference in the country's budget stages before and after the establishment of

Number of pages: 100 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering – Shahrivar Marine Structures, September 1992 Abstract: Pipe-in-pipe systems are widely used in transmission line applications.

Number of pages: 154 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering – Spring 2014 structure trend, first chapter, general research 1-1- Introduction: Mostly structures for severe earthquakes and surface acceptance

Number of pages: 199 Category: Management

Thesis for receiving the M.A. degree. Trend: Autumn 1391 transformation abstract The present study under the title ""Investigation and pathology of the decision system of G

Number of pages: 133 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" Management Shahrivar 1390 Abstract The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of establishing the proposal system on the efficiency of Merck's professional response system

Number of pages: 170 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Civil Engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract: Concrete beam and slab bridges with neoprene supports are among the most common highway bridges in the country.

Number of pages: 108 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in civil-structural field winter 2012 Abstract In recent years, the number of buildings that have suffered damage due to the loss of their gravity-bearing members has increased. Therefore, it has become important to design structures so that they are resistant to progressive damage in addition to the effects of earthquakes. One of the factors ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Nutritional Sciences

Dissertation of master's course in the field of educational sciences, history and philosophy of education, winter 93 Abstract: This research aims to analyze the content of moral concepts and themes in the Holy Quran and with the aim of

Number of pages: 139 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Master's Thesis of Information Technology Management (M.Sc) academic year 1389-1390 Abstract In order to study and predict the distribution pattern of economically important benthic fish, catch data of 10 species

Number of pages: 248 Category: Management

Abstract of the thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of executive management in May 2013, every year a huge amount of the country's national capital is consumed in the form of building construction projects and related industries, it is necessary

Number of pages: 198 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

The first chapter of research overview Introduction: With the development of cities and the increase in demand for intra-city travel, the need to move people and goods has increased day by day in recent years. Meanwhile, transportation experts and urban planners have found the only way to manage transportation and traffic in cities is to increase the share of mass and public ...

Number of pages: 182 Category: Architectural Engineering

Abstract Architecture, as a scientific-artistic profession, has always covered a part of human needs. After modernity and entering the industrial age in Iran, public buildings, especially markets, in urban scale

Number of pages: 175 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

The first chapter of research overview Introduction: In a world that is rapidly increasing urbanization, the role of cities as a means of economic growth is more important. This issue has made the need to use informed decisions and adopt new approaches in urban development planning inevitable in less developed countries that are facing an unprecedented increase in the rate of ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning Chapter 1: General Research 1- 1- Proposing the issue of urbanization expansion and its relationship with social and economic harms is one of the main characteristics of the country's urban development pattern in the last few decades, and accelerated growth and development and unbalanced distribution in the new era ...

Number of pages: 17 Category: Librarianship

Addressing the problem of the stock exchange is the main way of equipping and optimally allocating capital in the country, and knowing this market and the elements and connections in it is considered one of the most important factors in the capacity of the capital market. Investors are one of the important elements of this market. Investors have different goals for investing in ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Industrial Engineering

Thesis for receiving the degree of M.Sc. Industrial Engineering-Industrial Engineering Summer 2013 Abstract: In today's age, are there fewer companies? It can be seen that it is exclusively related to the production of a product.

Number of pages: 148 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master of Public Administration (M.A) majoring in public financial management Abstract: Currently, the operational budgeting method is one of the budgeting methods used in developed countries. The history of this method goes back to the aftermath of World War II and the United States of America. In recent years, the term ""operational budgeting"" which ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: Industrial Engineering

To receive a master's degree in polymer engineering - polymer industries, May 2013 abstract With the progress of various sciences and knowledge, the boundaries of knowledge have converged and in some fields we are witnessing

Number of pages: 105 Category: Librarianship

Thesis accounting department for obtaining the master's degree ""M.A."" Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between management accounting systems and the development of intellectual capital in the social security organization. For this purpose, the relationship between the three criteria of how to use management accounting systems, the type ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's thesis in the field of educational sciences, history and philosophy of education. Abstract: This research was conducted in order to analyze the content of moral concepts and themes in the Holy Quran and with the aim of presenting a model of the educational moral system based on the moral concepts of the Quran. In this study, descriptive, analytical, and inferential ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field of information technology management, e-business orientation Abstract: In today's era, one of the most important human inventions that have brought about tremendous changes in the life of humanity is the emergence of the computer, followed by the Internet, which has created a virtual world and an incentive for universities to invest in the field of ...

Number of pages: 195 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field: executive management, orientation: strategic management. Abstract: Information technology, which until several years ago was considered a competitive advantage and a strategic weapon by organizations, is now considered as a competitive need. The use of information and communication technology and research devices that have up-to-date information ...

Number of pages: 196 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving Master's degree (M.A) in the field of business management, financial orientation. Abstract: The current research seeks to examine the pathology of the internal and external factors of the urban service outsourcing system using the SWOT model. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of research method. The ...

Number of pages: 119 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis in Urban Affairs Management Abstract Municipality is one of the most key organizations that plays an important role in providing urban services to citizens. By applying the knowledge of information technology and telecommunication systems as well as the ability of internal and experienced specialists in urban management, this organization has created a system ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for master's degree in geography and urban planning Abstract One of the issues that most cities in the world are struggling with is natural disasters. Due to the unpredictability of natural disasters and the need to make quick and correct decisions and implement operations, theoretical and fundamental foundations have created a knowledge under the title of crisis ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in General Psychology Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of a comparative study of the value system in families with a member addicted to drugs and families without a member addicted to drugs in Bandar Abbas city. The research method is descriptive and causal-comparative, and the studied population in the present study was families ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Accounting Abstract In this research, the risk and returns (systematic and extraordinary) of stocks on the tenure of the board of directors of companies are discussed. One of the elements of the corporate governance structure is the board of directors. Shareholders use the two components of risk and return to evaluate the ...

Number of pages: 184 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: Political Geography (M.A) Abstract: The science of political geography is one of the broad topics of science and is created from a politically organized unit in a specific geographical territory that includes the government's rule and a specific space. These organized units can include the primary political core, limited ...

Number of pages: 144 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree major: Accounting Abstract: This research empirically shows to tax financial analysts, investors, managers and other users of accounting and financial information that there is a positive and significant relationship between tax evasion in the electronic system with the indicators of recording transactions in the books, non-disclosure ...

Number of pages: 157 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology ((M.A)) Abstract: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing identity styles and coping styles and behavioral activation/inhibition systems in addicts and normal people. The method used was causal-comparative and the research tool included Berzonsky's Identity Styles Questionnaire, Andler Parker's Coping ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in Information Systems Management Abstract Today, insurance companies play an important role in the distribution of financial resources. Meanwhile, insurance companies try to make the most of information systems in order to gain a competitive advantage. The main goal of this research is to determine the impact of information systems ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System - Water and Soil Resources Abstract The increase in population and the excessive development of cities, especially in their outskirts, regardless of environmental and human characteristics, has caused irreparable damage to the environment and its residents. For this reason, the issues of ...

Number of pages: 195 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of measurement and measurement research abstract The aim of the current research was to investigate the validity and reliability of biology and Persian literature courses in the final exams of the secondary education system. The society was all the questions of the final exams of experimental sciences of the third year of ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for the master's degree of the Faculty of Management Abstract Since the application of accrual accounting has an important contribution in improving the level of accountability and achieving the goals of financial reporting, therefore, in this research, the obstacles to the establishment of this accounting system and providing the necessary solutions to remove the ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Public Administration Orientation: Transformation Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of determining the role of information systems in creating organizational capabilities in small and medium industries of Kaveh Industrial City in 2013. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Clinical Psychology Abstract: The purpose of this research is to compare the dimensions of perfectionism, brain/behavioral system and resilience in coronary artery patients and normal people. For this purpose, 150 people with coronary heart disease and 150 healthy people with an average age of 44 years were selected as the sample ...

Number of pages: 169 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management Abstract: Introduction: Hospital information system is one of the effective factors in the knowledge management of healthcare and medical organizations, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the impact of the use of hospital information system on the knowledge management of managers in teaching-treatment ...

Number of pages: 193 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) specialization: Journalism Dissertation abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and obtained results): The present study, which is aimed at investigating the role of intra-organizational communication in the job satisfaction of personnel among the employees of the BRT3 system, was carried out to measure the ...

Number of pages: 166 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Finance. Dissertation abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods, and results obtained): The purpose of this research is to build appropriate portfolios by considering investors' risk tolerance and their preferences in a flexible, practical, and realistic manner. For this purpose, a rule-based fuzzy expert ...

Number of pages: 169 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management Abstract: Introduction: Hospital information system is one of the effective factors in the knowledge management of healthcare and medical organizations, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the impact of the use of hospital information system on the knowledge management of managers in teaching-treatment ...

Number of pages: 153 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in electrical engineering, electronics, abstract, accurate measurement and control of temperature in industrial and research systems is of particular importance, and the correct operation of some industrial and laboratory tools is possible only in a certain location with a small number of channels (maximum 8 channels). Therefore, the ...

Number of pages: 72 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (M. Sc. Orientation: Urban and Rural Abstract Considering the growth of the population today, agglomeration and settlement is an urgent need. Locating and allocating land is considered as a main pillar, which is done traditionally and by trial and error in most cases. Many criteria are involved in locating the ...

Number of pages: 199 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (major: human resource management) Abstract: In today's fast-paced world, change and transformation are an integral part of organizations. According to Peter Senge, the only constant principle is change. Therefore, the only way for organizations to survive is to go along with these changes and transformations. Knowledge management is ...

Number of pages: 162 Category: Management

Dissertation to receive a master's thesis on the impact of organizational resource planning system on supply chain performance in Iran Khodro Company 1-1) Introduction In today's era, the global competition, customer demand for high quality, increased variety of products and fast service, has increased pressures on organizations that did not exist before. As a result, ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering, Power Systems, Abstract: In this thesis project, a new analytical approach is proposed for planning electric energy production and determining the amount and storage location of rotating storage corresponding to the risk level of subscriber load points through profit/cost analysis in the optimization program of shared ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in electrical engineering, power orientation. Abstract The limitation of fossil fuel resources and the possibility of running out of fossil energy reserves, global warming, environmental pollution, price instability, as well as the increasing need of industrial and urban centers for energy, have made the international community think of suitable ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract The power system stabilizer is added to the excitation system in order to improve the damping of the power system during low frequency disturbances. For large-scale power systems that include a large number of connected generators, setting the power system stabilizer parameters will be a complex and ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract The power system stabilizer is added to the excitation system in order to improve the damping of the power system during low frequency disturbances. For large-scale power systems that include a large number of connected generators, setting the power system stabilizer parameters will be a complex and ...

Number of pages: 97 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Computer Engineering (Artificial Intelligence) Abstract Multi-agent systems are computing systems in which several agents interact and work together to achieve a specific goal. The reason for the emergence of such systems is the existence of situations in which a problem must be solved in a distributed fashion. For example, in situations where the use of a ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Management

Master's Thesis of Faculty of Humanities, Department of Management Abstract Considering the importance of brands in creating value and increasing the cash flows of institutions, it is necessary for managers of units to pay special attention to this category and strive to form, create and maintain a brand that can meet the expectations of consumers, shareholders and other groups ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Management

Master's Thesis of Faculty of Humanities, Department of Management Abstract Considering the importance of brands in creating value and increasing the cash flows of institutions, it is necessary for managers of units to pay special attention to this category and strive to form, create and maintain a brand that can meet the expectations of consumers, shareholders and other groups ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in the field of electrical engineering- control, abstract assessment of the transient stability of power systems using the data of phasor measurement units, quick assessment of security in power networks in emergency situations and the occurrence of various errors, is a vital thing to prevent collapse and create nationwide outages. Therefore, the evaluation ...

Number of pages: 189 Category: Management

Thesis for Master's Degree in Executive Management (Strategic Management) Abstract Creativity is one of the most important and fundamental characteristics of a human being, which affects almost all dimensions and aspects of his life and civilization. In the era of rapid changes and developments, organizations are among the successful institutions that regularly produce new ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electrical-Control Engineering Abstract In this article, diagnosis, reconstruction and fault prediction of nonlinear systems with uncertainty are investigated. The diagnostic criterion is the residual signal calculated from the difference between the system output and a sliding mode viewer. The idea of ??sliding mode is to compensate the effect of ...

Number of pages: 99 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for M.sc degree, field: electricity, orientation: power electronics. Abstract Voltage stability is related to the power system's ability to maintain acceptable voltages in all system buses under normal conditions and after disturbance. The system enters an unstable state when a disturbance, an increase in the required load or a change in the system's position causes ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Mechatronic Engineering Introduction Recent developments in flexible manufacturing and information technology have made it possible for production systems to provide a wider range of products or services at a lower cost. In addition, the increase in competition at the global level has led to the confrontation of industries with the approach of increasing ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of electrical engineering - power orientation. Abstract In this thesis, a new method for planning the maintenance and repair of production units in restructured environments is presented. In the traditional environment with a vertical structure, the system operator determines the maintenance schedule to maintain ...