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Number of pages: 175 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's degree (MA) specialization: research in communication Abstract of the thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): At first, the main idea of ??this project was formed from the poverty of a comprehensive and general plan regarding the place of rationality and its evolution as communication rationality in ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field of executive management Mehr 2013 Abstract: The issue of corporate social responsibility in the modern economy and in management issues is one of the most prominent issues in the past 20 years.

Number of pages: 117 Category: Management

Department: Business Thesis for receiving a master's degree, orientation: financial management Abstract One of the ways to earn more profit in different companies is to choose the right financing method. The attitude towards the financial markets has caused some to consider it only the gains and losses arising from the price fluctuations of financial assets. While the impact of ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Department of Graduate Studies in Geography to obtain a master's degree ""M. A » Summary The important role of stamps in the transportation of postal items, both within the countries and for sending them to the countries of the world, is not hidden by anyone; Considering its location in the political geography of countries, it becomes more important. And countries can use it, in ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree in Persian Language and Literature Abstract: Policy letters, like any other literary phenomenon, are effective in reflecting the fundamental structure of society. Policy letters are a type of literature that are written in a special framework based on the conditions and social environment and the internal characteristics of the people who ...

Number of pages: 156 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Dissertation for M.A. specialization: literature and Persian language, abstract of popular culture and literature is the enduring legacy of our past, which today's young generation of the country should recognize and preserve in various dimensions. Iran's popular culture and literature is sweet and pleasant due to the role played by the politeness of friends and Persian ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Economics

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, specialization: accounting. Abstract: Research conducted in other countries shows that investors have shown a favorable and positive reaction to the release of news related to bonus shares. In other words, the obtained results show that the rate of return on shares of companies that distributed bonus shares was higher than the rate ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, specialization: accounting. Abstract: Research conducted in other countries shows that investors have shown a favorable and positive reaction to the release of news related to bonus shares. In other words, the obtained results show that the rate of return on shares of companies that distributed bonus shares was higher than the rate ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Clinical Psychology Abstract: Objective: Social anxiety is a very debilitating disorder that can disrupt many aspects of a person's life. In this research, the researcher seeks treatment using neurofeedback methods and the presence of mind as new treatments in the field of psychology. Method: The design of this research is quasi-experimental with pre-test and ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis of History and Philosophy of Education (Islamic Education) Abstract Ethics and moral education is considered one of the most important human issues in schools and especially human education. Because moral education provides happiness and salvation. The category of ethics has various dimensions such as reason and emotion. Intellect and emotion are two high human ...

Number of pages: 178 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation in Master's Degree in Handicrafts, Research Orientation Abstract: In educational and lesson planning, identifying needs and priorities is one of the most important steps. Knowing the needs of learners is done according to various factors, including the culture of that society. Handicrafts are an inseparable part of Iranian culture, which has been the manifestation ...

Number of pages: 72 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis on Theater Directing Abstract This research is an attempt to explain Walter Benjamin's opinions and critical thoughts about modern art, and it is also an attempt to reread many of his opinions that are not directly aimed at the category of theater, but in the author's opinion, the scope of the foundations proposed by him is enough to tie the modern theater of the ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation: To obtain a master's degree in neonatal special care nursing Abstract Introduction: Premature babies are subjected to many painful interventions during care and treatment, and nurses should use non-pharmacological methods without risk to prevent short and long-term complications caused by pain, so this study was conducted to determine the effect of swaddling on the ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation to receive Ph.D. Persian Summary Otostegia persica is one of the Lamiaceae (mint) plants, which in traditional medicine is used to treat malaria, reduce blood sugar and blood pressure, and relieve S fever. The name of this plant in Persian culture is ""golder"". This genus has 3 species of perennial herbaceous plants in Iran: Otostegia aucheri, Otostegia micchauxii, ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in chemical engineering, advanced orientation. Abstract The limitation of heat transfer fluids in various industries due to their poor thermal conductivity has caused the improvement of the heat transfer of working fluids to be considered as a new method of advanced heat transfer. So that the idea of ??dispersing solid particles in ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Physics

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in chemical engineering, advanced orientation. Abstract The limitation of heat transfer fluids in various industries due to their poor thermal conductivity has caused the improvement of the heat transfer of working fluids to be considered as a new method of advanced heat transfer. So that the idea of ??dispersing solid particles in ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's thesis in the field of mechanical engineering - energy conversion trend Abstract: In this research, the turbulent flow of a non-Newtonian nanofluid in a microchannel with a circular cross-section is simulated. First, the types of classification of microchannels, the methods of making microchannels, as well as the advantages and challenges of using microchannels are ...

Number of pages: 144 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's thesis in the field of mechanical engineering, energy conversion trend. Abstract: Considering that heat transfer is widely used in various fields of science, it is necessary to use wide recessed or raised surfaces due to physical and spatial limitations in electrical systems. The main purpose of using these surfaces is to increase heat transfer by increasing the ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

The thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of mechanical engineering, applied design, is an abstract of the experience of losing a limb. The full understanding of this feeling will be possible only when a person loses a limb. Obesity and longer life expectancy have increased the number of knee replacement implants [1]. Due to the increase in life expectancy as well ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc. Degree: Power Electronics Abstract: Distribution networks have various loads that consume different amounts of reactive power. Considering the effect of the type of load on the location and size of capacitor banks in distribution systems, in this thesis, a novel method for modeling different network loads in order to improve the voltage profile and reduce ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering (Energy Conversion) Abstract In this thesis, the mass and heat transfer of water-aluminum oxide nanofluid in a two-dimensional porous medium under a magnetic field and in the vicinity of a vertical wall has been investigated. The boundary wall can be permeable or impermeable. The concentration and temperature of the wall ...

Number of pages: 148 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree (M.A.) public management, human resources orientation, summer 2019, abstract knowledge in today's advanced world of organizations, is rapidly becoming a competitive advantage.

Number of pages: 135 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of civil engineering, oriented towards soil and foundation mechanics, Shahrivar   2013 Abstract Dams are always considered as infrastructure structures

Number of pages: 85 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis Field: M.A. Orientation: Strategic Academic Year: 2013 - 1392 Abstract of this research in order to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence on the quality of nursing care in Derm teaching hospitals.

Number of pages: 133 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" Management Shahrivar 1390 Abstract The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of establishing the proposal system on the efficiency of Merck's professional response system

Number of pages: 112 Category: Nutritional Sciences

Dissertation of master's course in the field of educational sciences, history and philosophy of education, winter 93 Abstract: This research aims to analyze the content of moral concepts and themes in the Holy Quran and with the aim of

Number of pages: 147 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (M.A) Business Management - Marketing Orientation Summer 2019 Abstract Considering the ever-increasing speed of changes and competition in the economic world, managers should have

Number of pages: 138 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc degree in soil and soil mechanics engineering, summer 2013, first chapter, introduction of micro candles 1-1 Micro-candles in general in dealing with problematic soils

Number of pages: 234 Category: Management

The final research of the DBA strategic management course in Tir 1391 Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the components of the development of the leather industry infrastructure and to develop a suitable model for the development of the leather industry infrastructure.

Number of pages: 172 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining the master's degree (M.A.) (Trend: Human Resource Management Winter 1391 Abstract: Naza University

Number of pages: 104 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting (M.A.) The disclosure of information is different in different companies. What is discussed in this research is profit prediction. Profit forecasting in Iran is done by managers. Considering the role that managers have in profit forecasting, in this research, the relationship between the manager's ability and the timing of the forecast disclosure, ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Librarianship

Master's thesis in accounting, the present research was done to provide evidence to clarify the relationship between the quality of profit and the liquidity of stocks, as well as to evaluate the impact of the quality of profit on the liquidity of stocks. In this research, 96 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the 5-year period of 1387-1392 (with one year in ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Counseling and Guidance (M.A) Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of painting therapy on the mental health of male students of primary schools in Gachsaran city. The variables of the current research were mental health with dimensions (anxiety, hostility, physicalization, interpersonal sensitivity, obsession, ...

Number of pages: 74 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Thesis for Master's Degree in Family Counseling Abstract The main purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between mothers' self-differentiation with parent-child conflict and the responsibility of female middle school students. The tools used in this research are 1- Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (DSI-R) of Yonesi. 2- Parent-Child Conflict Questionnaire ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling Abstract: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence of female teachers and violence against them. In addition, subscales of emotional intelligence were used to predict violence against female teachers. For this purpose, 280 female teachers were selected by cluster sampling ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.A. Degree: Political Geography Abstract: The illegal entry of foreign nationals from the eastern borders to various cities of our country, especially Afghan and Pakistani nationals, has long been considered as one of the problems of the Iranian society, and this issue has been analyzed by experts and experts over the past years from the perspective of social ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Chapter 1 1-1-Introduction: Common fluids such as water, oils and ethylene glycol, which are usually used as heat transfer media, have a limited ability in terms of thermal properties, which is the first obstacle to compress and increase the efficiency of heat exchangers. One of the ways to improve heat transfer is to add particles to the fluid. This method is used for fluids ...

Number of pages: 146 Category: Educational Sciences

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of educational management in the field of educational sciences. Abstract: The problem of many companies and educational centers today is the problem of human resources and the lack of proper efficiency of these forces in organizations. This research has been prepared for all industries, companies, organizations and educational ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Industrial Engineering

Master's Thesis of Mehr Department of Technical and Engineering Faculty ???? Abstract: In some countries, including Iran, motorcycles and their riders are a non-essential part of traffic and as a result, they are safe.

Number of pages: 153 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for the Master's degree in the field: Educational Sciences. The present research was conducted in order to investigate and compare the ability of problem solving in experimental science and Persian literature courses of the 7th grade students (first year secondary school) in the traditional and thematic classes of Miandoab city in the academic year of 1992-1993. ...

Number of pages: 155 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: General Abstract The purpose of this research was to predict children's mental health and resilience based on marital satisfaction and mothers' attachment styles. The method of the present research was descriptive correlation of the predictive type. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the 10-12-year-old ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation to receive master's degree in accounting. Abstract In the conditions of the realism of the presented financial statements, the profit based on the accrual accounting system should be able to reflect valuable information about the current situation and future prospects of the company to the market. In this case, the profit may reflect the personal interests of the ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Psychiatry Abstract The union of couples is an official social initiation, the continuation of which strengthens the foundation of the family. Nowadays, spouses benefit from interventions and specialized training in order to increase intimacy and improve marital relations. The general purpose of the current research is to investigate the effectiveness of group ...

Number of pages: 156 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Rural Planning Abstract Rural spaces are part of human societies and sustainable and integrated national development is aimed at sustainable development at the regional, urban and rural levels. In this regard, the second, third, and fourth economic, social, and cultural development plans have made rural development one of its ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Counseling Abstract The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of teaching positivity on students' sense of belonging to school and relationships with others. The statistical population in this research included all male high school students in the 18th district of Tehran. In this research, a multi-stage cluster sampling ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Clinical Psychology (M.Sc) Abstract Reading is the most basic learning tool for students. Dyslexia accounts for the largest percentage of learning disabled students, which is defined by the lack of success in language skills such as reading, writing and spelling. Memory, especially active memory, is one of the important factors in learning that these students ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for the Master's Degree in Educational Technology (M.A.) Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of using the simulation method in a constructivist environment on students' creativity in the first secondary mathematics course. In this study, the research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the research was 6200 ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Educational Sciences

Graduate School of Thesis for Master's Degree (M.A.) Abstract The general purpose of the current research is the design of mathematics courseware (1) and its effect on the learning and memorization of first-year male high school students in Kermanshah. The research is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical population includes all male students in the first grade of high ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract: Teenagers who are brought up with a correct parenting style have better lives and mental states. For this purpose, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of family life education (F.L.E) on changing the parenting style of mothers with teenage sons who are studying in Shahid Dr. ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Psychology

The thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of educational psychology. Abstract of the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of teaching self-regulated learning strategies on essay writing in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A two-group quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test was used. Two elementary ...

Number of pages: 162 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's thesis in the field of philosophy of education Abstract Study of professional ethics from the point of view of secondary school counselors The purpose of this research is to investigate the study of professional ethics from the point of view of secondary school counselors. This research was conducted in a qualitative paradigm using the dominant-less dominant model. In ...

Number of pages: 166 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" Accounting - Abstract accounting is a main factor of successful investment, management's ability to predict the efficiency of projects; Because forecasting plays a major role in investment evaluation methods. Therefore, corporate investment decisions require managers to predict expected cash flows from potential ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Insurance

Master's Thesis of Faculty of Technical Engineering, Department of Industrial Management (Production) Abstract Now that in the global economy, customers determine the company's survival, companies can no longer ignore the expectations and demands of customers. They should focus all their activities and capabilities on customer satisfaction. The level of customer satisfaction ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling Abstract: Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing resilience, marital instability and psychological well-being in two groups of mothers of normal and hearing-impaired children in Tehran using a quantitative-qualitative method. Method: In the quantitative part, using available sampling, a sample consisting of 100 ...

Number of pages: 146 Category: Psychology

Dissertation: To receive a master's degree in the field of clinical psychology, abstract depression is a well-known term, but a challenging issue in the field of mental health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on the feeling of loneliness and general self-efficacy of patients with major depression. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Economics

Social-Economic Systems Engineering Abstract: In this research, by studying, examining and applying the principles of game theory, a new hypothesis has been presented in the field of using game theory in the strategic planning of organizations in order to reduce the impact of environmental changes that have occurred over time on the formulated strategies of companies. In other ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for the Master's degree (M-A) in the field: Political Geography Abstract Soft war is a new concept in terms of scientific research and a very old concept in terms of history. This concept is known in the world as soft power. Soft war in its modern concept with features such as software orientation, mentalization, emptying from within, changing cultural identity, ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of guidance and counseling. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative therapy on the quality of married life of women in Isfahan city. . The current research is a semi-experimental type of research. The statistical population of this research was women who referred to cultural centers ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A) Major: Clinical Abstract Considering that addiction is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, ""Cognitive Therapy"" is a tool that therapists use to control and treat addiction by influencing thoughts and beliefs. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, orientation: accounting. Abstract In this research, we have examined the relationship between dividend policy and productivity. The intended research is an applied research. In terms of the type of research design, it is retrospective in order to rely on historical information, and its inference method is inductive and correlational. ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for M.A. in Accounting. Profit abstract for effectiveness should be available on time. The timeliness of the profit makes the yield real and if it is presented in short intervals, it reduces the information risk. Timeliness is considered one of the most important qualitative features of financial information. If in a potential transaction one party has more ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in the field of Natural Geography, Climate Hazards Abstract Dust storms are destructive weather phenomena that cause irreparable damage to urban areas, fields, facilities, roads, etc. every year. This phenomenon is affected by special weather conditions, and if the mechanism of its development and expansion is known, it is possible to ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in Social Communication. Abstract Paying attention to thematic theaters and their functions is an important issue due to their commonness in our country. It seems that the work of these theaters and being in their inflexible and framed form prevents the artist from freely dealing with this strong art and medium and creating creativity in ...

Number of pages: 139 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis Field: Educational Management Major: Educational Management [1] Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between psychological ability and quality of work life with the job satisfaction of professors of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas branch. The method of this descriptive research is a correlational type. To ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's thesis (M.A) in the field of political geography. Sacrifice and martyrdom are valuable concepts in all human societies. All nations respect their devotees, veterans and warriors; But the methods of this sanctity and respect are different. In Islamic teachings, the essence of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom is self-sacrifice, sincerity and intelligent and ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, Major: Accounting Abstract: We have started this research with the basic question that adjustments in accounting profit, such as profit smoothing, will have an effect on new indicators of performance evaluation, such as economic added value, or not? For this purpose, we have investigated this issue under the title ""Investigation of ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Accounting Major: Accounting Abstract: Profit smoothing is defined as the effort applied by management to reduce abnormal changes in profit in terms of accounting principles. In this research, the relationship between profit smoothing and information asymmetry in the life cycle of business units has been investigated and measured. In order to ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving master's degree in accounting, accounting orientation, the abstract of profit information content, has been widely tested in accounting and financial texts. Since in most cases, including financial reporting and evaluation models, profit plays a fundamental role, it is very important to determine the financial items and variables related to accounting ...

Number of pages: 156 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for master's degree in educational sciences, educational research orientation. Abstract: Considering the effect of classroom management in creating a suitable and favorable learning atmosphere on the one hand and the effect of self-regulated learning on academic life and academic progress and improving education on the other hand, this research aims to investigate ...

Number of pages: 69 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master of Social Sciences (M.A) Degree: Researcher Abstract Professional values ??are the basis of employees' performance, which guide employees' interactions with citizens, colleagues, other professionals, and the general public, and provide a framework for commitment to the welfare of citizens and guidance for ethical behavior in the provision of humanitarian ...

Number of pages: 113 Category: Psychology

Abstract Marital satisfaction is the result of the satisfaction and compatibility of the husband and wife in different aspects of their joint life and guarantees the strength of the family foundation and the health of the parents. Marital satisfaction of parents plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of life and the emotional atmosphere of the family and is an effective ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Textile Industries

Dissertation to receive the master's degree ""M.S.c"" specialization: Textile chemistry and fiber science Abstract: One of the important processes in the completion of textile goods is the underhand improvement in textiles. Finishing the softener provides a desirable softness to the fabric and improves its properties, and the main goals of the softener are to reduce static ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Tourism - Tourism

Abstract: So far, extensive researches have been conducted in relation to the choice of destination, personality and typology of tourists and it has been proven that there is a very close relationship between the personality of tourists and their motivation to choose a destination. In this field, research has also been done in Iran, but not with this interpretation and title. ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Librarianship

The thesis for receiving a master's degree (M.A) in the field of accounting, the abstract quality of profit from various aspects including (having predictive value, feedback value, neutrality, timeliness and honest expression) has been evaluated and considered by researchers. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between some corporate governance mechanisms ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

The field of natural geography, climatology trend in environmental planning Abstract: Ardabil province in the northwest of the country with its long and elongated shape has faced climatic anomalies in recent years such as: increase in temperature especially in winter season, increase in the occurrence of hot winds, increase in evaporation and transpiration potential, decrease in ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management Abstract: The review of information technology acceptance models shows that several competitive models have been presented, each of which has a different set of determining factors. In this research; User acceptance using the unified theory of acceptance and application of technology (UTAUT[1]) by Venkatesh et al. (2003), ...

Number of pages: 179 Category: Management

Master's Thesis (M.A.) Orientation: Transformation Abstract Today, organizations or in broader terms businesses are faced with many challenges such as globalization, value chain for business competitiveness, technological changes, etc. (Elrich, 2018). And considering the competitive environment, it is necessary to create suitable platforms for the effective management of human ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Management

Dissertation to receive a master's degree thesis, abstract of the thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods, and results obtained) Today, positive behaviors beyond the role, under the title of ""Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)"" have been considered, in research, several variables such as job satisfaction, organizational justice, organizational ...

Number of pages: 177 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract Introduction: Aging is the most sensitive and risky period of a person's life, the foundation of the spiritual personality of humans is established at this stage, and if the elderly are not given attention and care at this stage, they may become broken and lose their spirit and sink into loneliness. The purpose of ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) accounting field Abstract of thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and obtained results): Net profit is expected to show the result of the performance of an economic unit for a financial period. However, due to having different motivations, management manages profit (increasing or decreasing) and there is a ...