Download the thesis about the period of the hasmoneansâś… Word Document

Download more than 100 examples of thesis, proposal and project topics about the period of the hasmoneans in editable WORD file format at undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels for use and reference in research, articles, theses, student and academic projects.

Number of pages: 98 Category: Educational Sciences

Thesis for receiving the master's degree “M. A.” Field of Educational Sciences, Curriculum Planning, Year 1993, Effectiveness of Family Education on Maternal Educational Perspective

Number of pages: 135 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of civil engineering, oriented towards soil and foundation mechanics, Shahrivar   2013 Abstract Dams are always considered as infrastructure structures

Number of pages: 138 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc degree in soil and soil mechanics engineering, summer 2013, first chapter, introduction of micro candles 1-1 Micro-candles in general in dealing with problematic soils

Number of pages: 234 Category: Management

The final research of the DBA strategic management course in Tir 1391 Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the components of the development of the leather industry infrastructure and to develop a suitable model for the development of the leather industry infrastructure.

Number of pages: 148 Category: Management

Master's Thesis Field: Executive Management Focus: Strategic Management Academic Year: 1389-1391 Abstract of Research Measuring market risk is a problem that has been on researchers' minds for a long time

Number of pages: 105 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Counseling and Guidance (M.A) Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of painting therapy on the mental health of male students of primary schools in Gachsaran city. The variables of the current research were mental health with dimensions (anxiety, hostility, physicalization, interpersonal sensitivity, obsession, ...

Number of pages: 74 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Thesis for Master's Degree in Family Counseling Abstract The main purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between mothers' self-differentiation with parent-child conflict and the responsibility of female middle school students. The tools used in this research are 1- Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (DSI-R) of Yonesi. 2- Parent-Child Conflict Questionnaire ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Economics

Master's Thesis of Industrial Engineering, Financial Orientation, November 2013. Abstract: Evaluation of the performance of organizations and intra-organizational units is a necessary tool for their continued life and growth. Among various models and techniques.

Number of pages: 153 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for the Master's degree in the field: Educational Sciences. The present research was conducted in order to investigate and compare the ability of problem solving in experimental science and Persian literature courses of the 7th grade students (first year secondary school) in the traditional and thematic classes of Miandoab city in the academic year of 1992-1993. ...

Number of pages: 286 Category: Architectural Engineering

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree in Islamic Architectural Engineering, second year of academic year 1392-93 Abstract: Endowments in establishment and continuation

Number of pages: 148 Category: Management

Abstract: The Social Security Organization, as the largest insurance organization in Iran, is the only complete provider of social support that can be operationalized in an organization. Such as: retirement pension, disability of survivors, provision of medical expenses, provision of unemployment insurance, family assistance, marriage allowance, compensation for sickness wages ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract: Teenagers who are brought up with a correct parenting style have better lives and mental states. For this purpose, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of family life education (F.L.E) on changing the parenting style of mothers with teenage sons who are studying in Shahid Dr. ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Psychology

Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology Thesis for Master's Degree (M.A) Major: Educational Psychology Dissertation Abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and obtained results): This research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' academic motivation based on spiritual intelligence and mother's marital ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Psychology

The thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of educational psychology. Abstract of the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of teaching self-regulated learning strategies on essay writing in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A two-group quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test was used. Two elementary ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Economics

Master's Thesis in Economic Sciences, 2012 Abstract: In recent years, the wage-efficiency theory has provided a clear explanation for involuntary unemployment and the difference in wages. The main idea of ??this theory is this

Number of pages: 124 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: General Examining the relationship between mental health and academic progress in a group of middle school girls taking into account the employment status of mothers; Shiraz 2013 Abstract: The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between mothers' employment and mental health and the academic progress ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A) Major: Clinical Abstract Considering that addiction is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, ""Cognitive Therapy"" is a tool that therapists use to control and treat addiction by influencing thoughts and beliefs. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in Social Communication. Abstract Paying attention to thematic theaters and their functions is an important issue due to their commonness in our country. It seems that the work of these theaters and being in their inflexible and framed form prevents the artist from freely dealing with this strong art and medium and creating creativity in ...

Number of pages: 186 Category: Management

Master's Thesis of Industrial Management (M.A.) Abstract The increasing acceleration of the process of growth and development as well as the increasing complexity of industrial projects along with the progress of science and technology has caused the issue and process of selecting a contractor to be considered as an important and key factor in the success of industrial projects ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Tourism - Tourism

Abstract: So far, extensive researches have been conducted in relation to the choice of destination, personality and typology of tourists and it has been proven that there is a very close relationship between the personality of tourists and their motivation to choose a destination. In this field, research has also been done in Iran, but not with this interpretation and title. ...

Number of pages: 177 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract Introduction: Aging is the most sensitive and risky period of a person's life, the foundation of the spiritual personality of humans is established at this stage, and if the elderly are not given attention and care at this stage, they may become broken and lose their spirit and sink into loneliness. The purpose of ...

Number of pages: 217 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's thesis in traditional design and painting. Abstract The purpose of this research is to know the elements of light and color in contemporary Iranian painting and the pathology of the elements of painting in the reflection and influence of Western art, especially in the use of the element of light and color. In this context, the works of five prominent painters: Hossein ...

Number of pages: 66 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in the field: Power Electrical Engineering Abstract Due to the extent and complexity of distribution networks, the probability of an accident occurring in them is very high, and the occurrence of an accident can affect many subscribers. Therefore, reliability is one of the key parameters determining the success rate of the system in providing ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Master's Thesis in Dramatic Literature Abstract of this research examines the narrative in the dramatic works of Mirza Fethali Akhundzadeh based on the theories of Jonathan Kaler. First, in order to explain Keller's ideas, we will discuss the formation process of structuralism in order to examine the reasons for the existence and why of this very important movement. At the ...

Number of pages: 182 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis in Cinema The introduction of this research is an attempt to study the ""transformation of aesthetics in the modern documentary cinema of the 80s of Iran"". The reason for choosing this topic is due to the colorfulness of the unconventional tendencies that can be seen in the films of this period and gradually overshadows the previous classical approaches. trends ...

Number of pages: 150 Category: Art - Graphics

Dissertation for M.A. Degree: Performance: Directing. Dissertation idea (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results): The main purpose of this research is to present the results of research and strategic study about the strengths and weaknesses of the theater advertising and marketing category. This research is a basic-applied research that selected 384 ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering with a focus on soil and foundation. Abstract: The compressibility behavior of soils has become an important concern in geotechnical engineering. As buildings, embankments and roads are implemented, significant settlements often occur. Since long-term settlements occur due to creep, therefore, the ...

Number of pages: 145 Category: Textile Industries

In order to receive a master's degree in textile technology, it is essential to know the physical and mechanical properties of carpets to produce a quality product and maintain the proper appearance. In this research, an attempt has been made to provide a model to determine the relationship between the different parameters of these characteristics, therefore, to measure these ...

Number of pages: 243 Category: Literature - Persian Language

The thesis for receiving the master's degree in Persian language and literature is an abstract of Nur al-Din Abd al-Rahman Jami (a great poet and mystic of the 9th century AH), one of the scholars of Persian language and literature. In the field of Persian and Arabic language and literature, he has compositions in verse and prose. During Jami's time, theological debates and ...

Number of pages: 144 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Orientation: The abstract painting of this research represents the themes of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh poems, in the formation of the structure and composition of Baisanqari's Shahnameh paintings in the Herat school (Timurian period) and also the Shahnameh of Tahmasabi in the Tabriz school (Safawi period). Since painting has always been in sync ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Civil Engineering

Abstract Babol-Babolsar study area, with an area of ??1817 square kilometers, is under the Babol-Amol area, which is located in Mazandaran province. About 898 square kilometers of the area is the plain and 919 square kilometers are the heights of the northern slopes of Alborz. Babolrud river is the main source of surface water in the area. The climate of Babol-Babolsar plain is ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) major: Persian language and literature. Dissertation abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): 1300-1330 years with a sociological approach. The purpose of this research is to know the social issues of Iran through social novels, as well as to know the thoughts, intellectual tendencies of ...

Number of pages: 63 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in the field of Analytical Chemistry, Abstract Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles with small size and biological stability are very important and have various biomedical applications. In this work, an easy and simple method for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using willow tree bark extract is reported. The bark of the willow ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Abstract: Dams are always considered as infrastructure structures and have vital value. In the past, dams were mainly built for the purposes of providing drinking water and irrigation of agricultural fields, but today, due to the need for hydroelectric energy and other purposes, it has been ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation: To obtain a master's degree in neonatal special care nursing Abstract Introduction: Premature babies are subjected to many painful interventions during care and treatment, and nurses should use non-pharmacological methods without risk to prevent short and long-term complications caused by pain, so this study was conducted to determine the effect of swaddling on the ...

Number of pages: 48 Category: Veterinary Medicine

Dissertation for receiving the professional doctorate degree in veterinary medicine D.V.M. Abstract: Objective: The disease caused by avian reoviruses is one of the economically important diseases in the poultry industry, which causes increased losses and culling cases, arthritis, tenosynovitis, reduced yield and reduced egg quality in broilers and especially broiler chickens. ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Nursing Abstract Introduction: Today, with the development of medical science and related technology, cancer in children and adolescents has gradually turned from an acute and fatal disease into a chronic disease and the survival rate has increased. The aim of the treatments used today for children with cancer is not only to increase the ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Paramedical

Master's Thesis in Special Care, Special Care, Abstract Background and Objective: Improving the quality of central venous catheter care requires raising the level of nurses' awareness of the standard guidelines for catheter care and the results of research in this field. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation: To obtain a master's degree in nursing (internal-surgical education) Abstract title: The effect of music and aromatherapy on anxiety and pain in cholecystectomy patients: a single-blind clinical trial Introduction: Today, controlling or reducing pain and anxiety after surgery is one of the most important components of post-surgery care. Due to the side effects of ...

Number of pages: 44 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Abstract Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolum L.) is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, which today ranks second in the world after roses in terms of economy and cultivation. One of the important problems of this flower is vascular blockage and disruption of the water balance. For this purpose, a study based on a ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Psychiatry

Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children Thesis for Master's Degree Abstract Lack of attention is one of the most common problems in mentally retarded children and this problem leads to psychological, academic and social damage. Helping mentally challenged children to increase their attention span will moderate many of their basic problems. Among the many therapeutic ...

Number of pages: 164 Category: Philosophy - Ethics

Master's thesis in the field of Abrahamic religions, abstract; The spread of Islamic thoughts and ideas, as well as ancient Greek philosophy, including the philosophy of Aristotle and Plato, had significant effects on medieval Jewish thinkers such as Sadia Gaon and Moses Ben Maimon. Meanwhile, in the contemporary era, with the growth of the Renaissance, the change of the ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Rock Mechanics Abstract The unexpected stress intensity factor of some engineering structures has caused a lot of financial and collateral damage. In investigating the causes of failure, researchers gradually found that the design of many of these structures was correct based on the theory of elasticity and resistance of materials, and the ...

Number of pages: 149 Category: Management

Abstract The main purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between business strategy and profit quality in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange market. The statistical sample of the research includes 145 companies accepted in Bo

Number of pages: 149 Category: Librarianship

Abstract The main purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between business strategy and profit quality in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange market. The statistical sample of the research includes 145 accepted companies

Number of pages: 142 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's thesis of Ardakan Shahrivar Faculty of Art and Architecture 2013 During the Safavid era, Shah Ismail declared the Shia religion as the official religion of the Safavid dynasty. Continuity and long life of this dynasty and strength

Number of pages: 114 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, specialization: accounting, is an abstract of the present research and research work in order to determine the effective factors in the selection of accounting methods for the inventory of materials and goods and its effect on the quality of profitability of companies admitted to the stock exchange. This thesis prepares a framework ...

Number of pages: 76 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for master's degree in accounting, accounting major. Abstract: The present research was conducted in order to provide evidence regarding the effect of ""privatization"" on the quality of profit of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The spatial domain of this research is Tehran Stock Exchange and its temporal domain is 1382 to 1392. In order to test the ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Librarianship

Master's thesis in accounting, the present research was done to provide evidence to clarify the relationship between the quality of profit and the liquidity of stocks, as well as to evaluate the impact of the quality of profit on the liquidity of stocks. In this research, 96 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the 5-year period of 1387-1392 (with one year in ...

Number of pages: 145 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation of Master's Course in Cultural Communication and Propaganda Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the place of religious propaganda in the policies and cultural planning of the country, a comparative review of five periods of the country's economic, social and cultural development programs and a twenty-year vision document. Since this research is ...

Number of pages: 22 Category: Librarianship

Abstract: In this study, the relationship between ownership concentration, company performance and dividend policy in companies listed in the food and pharmaceutical industries of the Tehran Stock Exchange has been examined. The statistical sample of the research includes 44 companies during the period of 1380 to 1387. The chosen approach for hypothesis testing is the ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

The thesis of the master of social sciences of this research intends to examine and analyze the social stratification structure of Balochistan, Iran and the social contexts affecting it during the first Pahlavi period. For this purpose, first of all, the research intends to refer to the social contexts involved in the structure of stratification, such as social traditions, ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in industrial engineering Winter 92 abstract Production planning is actually allocating and determining the order of priorities for doing things optimally.

Number of pages: 185 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of industrial engineering, Shahrivar's industrial trend. 2013 Abstract: Many economists consider agriculture as the driving force of economic growth.

Number of pages: 145 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc) Major: Accounting Abstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between stock liquidity and real profit management of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the present research is the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1382 to 1391, and the ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Accounting Abstract The purpose of this research is to re-explain the relationship between dividends and re-presentation of financial statements as a measure of profit quality. Specifically, this research focuses on conditions that can classify management's motivation in using accruals into two fraudulent and non-fraudulent groups. In this ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation to receive master's degree in accounting. Abstract In the conditions of the realism of the presented financial statements, the profit based on the accrual accounting system should be able to reflect valuable information about the current situation and future prospects of the company to the market. In this case, the profit may reflect the personal interests of the ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Economics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Economic Sciences 2018 Abstract Economic schools have different theories regarding the effect of monetary policies on the real variables of the economy. But all of them have a relationship

Number of pages: 166 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" Accounting - Abstract accounting is a main factor of successful investment, management's ability to predict the efficiency of projects; Because forecasting plays a major role in investment evaluation methods. Therefore, corporate investment decisions require managers to predict expected cash flows from potential ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for M.A. degree in Accounting Abstract One of the times when management's motivations are triggered for profit management is the initial public offering. Any public offering of securities that is offered to the public and investors for the first time is called an initial public offering (IPO). One of the ways to reduce profit management is to improve audit quality. ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in Accounting Abstract: Investigating the impact of profit management on the auditor's opinion in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange Abstract: Auditing is the process of ensuring the reliability and relevance of financial statement information. The existence of conflict of interests between shareholders and managers gives special ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: accounting. Abstract One of the existing mechanisms in order to reduce the agency problem and reduce the information asymmetry between shareholders and managers in the capital markets is the corporate governance system. The role of institutional shareholders in corporate governance and their presence in companies has ...

Number of pages: 132 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Title: The effect of ethnic groups on the elections of the Islamic Council in the last three terms of West Gilan. The abstract of this research, titled the effect of ethnic groups on the elections of the Islamic Council in the last three terms of West Gilan, was conducted in the cities of Astara, Talesh, Masal, Razvanshahr, Foman, Shaft, and Soumesara. However, only assigning a ...

Number of pages: 219 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree major: Accounting Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between changes in dividends, earnings per share and changes in earnings per share with changes in future earnings. In this research, information related to the balance sheet, profits and cash flow of 100 companies active in the Tehran Stock ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, orientation: accounting. Abstract In this research, we have examined the relationship between dividend policy and productivity. The intended research is an applied research. In terms of the type of research design, it is retrospective in order to rely on historical information, and its inference method is inductive and correlational. ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for M.A. in Accounting. Profit abstract for effectiveness should be available on time. The timeliness of the profit makes the yield real and if it is presented in short intervals, it reduces the information risk. Timeliness is considered one of the most important qualitative features of financial information. If in a potential transaction one party has more ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis of History and Philosophy of Education (Islamic Education) Abstract Ethics and moral education is considered one of the most important human issues in schools and especially human education. Because moral education provides happiness and salvation. The category of ethics has various dimensions such as reason and emotion. Intellect and emotion are two high human ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, Major: Accounting Abstract: We have started this research with the basic question that adjustments in accounting profit, such as profit smoothing, will have an effect on new indicators of performance evaluation, such as economic added value, or not? For this purpose, we have investigated this issue under the title ""Investigation of ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Accounting Major: Accounting Abstract: Profit smoothing is defined as the effort applied by management to reduce abnormal changes in profit in terms of accounting principles. In this research, the relationship between profit smoothing and information asymmetry in the life cycle of business units has been investigated and measured. In order to ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree, specialization: accounting. Abstract: Forecasting profit per share is of particular importance in investments, because it follows the changes in stock prices and the direct reaction of the capital market. On the other hand, in the current business environment, due to the rapid changes in technology and financial conditions, managers ...

Number of pages: 100 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in accounting, accounting major. Abstract: The strong position of a production gives the company a lot of staying power. Pricing power gives these companies more profit and allows them to maintain their superior position. High security of these companies against lack of cash, their ability to face unfavorable economic situation

Number of pages: 120 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving master's degree in accounting, accounting orientation, the abstract of profit information content, has been widely tested in accounting and financial texts. Since in most cases, including financial reporting and evaluation models, profit plays a fundamental role, it is very important to determine the financial items and variables related to accounting ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting Abstract Knowing the cost behavior in response to changes in production and sales levels is very important for company management. In the common and traditional model of cost behavior, variable costs change in proportion to changes in the level of activity, meaning that the amount of change in costs depends only on the amount of change in the level ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" Abstract In the last two decades, we have moved towards an economy where investment in human resources, information technology, research, development and advertising seems necessary in order to maintain competitive advantage and environmental guarantee of organizations. Therefore, it can be said that the source of creating ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree, field: accounting, major: accounting, profit information is the basic basis for investors to make decisions. In recent years, due to a series of significant frauds in accounting, the issue of earnings management has attracted the attention of many academics and practitioners. However, the focus of most studies has been limited to how ...

Number of pages: 156 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for master's degree in educational sciences, educational research orientation. Abstract: Considering the effect of classroom management in creating a suitable and favorable learning atmosphere on the one hand and the effect of self-regulated learning on academic life and academic progress and improving education on the other hand, this research aims to investigate ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Field: Natural Geography - Hydrology and Synoptic Meteorology Abstract Damages caused by critical cold temperatures are increasing, especially in natural ecosystems and densely populated urban areas. Central Iran is a dry land prone to cold weather, especially during winter, and lacks resources to moderate temperature tensions, such as ...

Number of pages: 168 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree, specialization: accounting, abstract: several studies have proven that stock returns perform differently in different time horizons, short-term, medium-term, and long-term. Two important and widely used strategies among analysts, portfolio managers and other investors in the current capital markets of the world are the reverse ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

The field of natural geography, climatology trend in environmental planning Abstract: Ardabil province in the northwest of the country with its long and elongated shape has faced climatic anomalies in recent years such as: increase in temperature especially in winter season, increase in the occurrence of hot winds, increase in evaporation and transpiration potential, decrease in ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) in Information Systems Management Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of using e-government on improving accountability in the government offices of Malekan city. For this purpose, a main hypothesis and five sub-hypotheses were designed. The statistical population of this research is all the referents of the ...