Download the thesis about surface disposal✅ Word Document

Download more than 100 examples of thesis, proposal and project topics about surface disposal in editable WORD file format at undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels for use and reference in research, articles, theses, student and academic projects.

Number of pages: 105 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Counseling and Guidance (M.A) Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of painting therapy on the mental health of male students of primary schools in Gachsaran city. The variables of the current research were mental health with dimensions (anxiety, hostility, physicalization, interpersonal sensitivity, obsession, ...

Number of pages: 94 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil-Soil Field Abstract Dense clay layers are used as one of the most common impermeable layers in most geotechnical structures such as earthen dams and municipal and radioactive waste disposal centers. Due to special geotechnical characteristics, these layers are damaged by cracking during their lifetime, these cracks increase the permeability of the layer ...

Number of pages: 173 Category: Biology - Environment

Doctoral Dissertation in the field of Civil Engineering - Water and Environment Abstract Network methods are among the most widely used groundwater modeling tools that have been widely spread and accepted in the last two decades. On the other hand, the advancement of computing power of computers and the ease of access to them have led to the rapid development of numerical ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Civil Engineering

Introduction In today's era, the presence of waste materials resulting from various physical and chemical processes is one of the important problems of industrialized and developing countries. So that extensive research is being carried out for methods of recycling or disposing of them to minimize the damage to the environment. In this regard, construction researchers, like ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's degree in chemical engineering, thermokinetic orientation, abstract removal of hazardous organic pollutants from groundwater and wastewater is one of the most important topics in environmental research. Phenols and phenolic compounds have been identified as hazardous pollutants. Several technologies and processes have been developed for industrial ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's thesis in the field of civil and environmental engineering. Abstract The main problem in using landfill biogas is the presence of pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide gas is colorless, toxic, flammable, and has an unpleasant odor. It is highly toxic and produces SO2 when biogas is burned. In addition, hydrogen sulfide has a corrosive effect. It costs a ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of chemical nanoengineering Abstract In the uranium enrichment unit by centrifuge, UF6 gas after passing through the centrifuge and performing the enrichment process, enters the cold trap and is solidified and collected at a low temperature. One of the absorbents used to absorb uranium hexafluoride is sodium fluoride. The ...

Number of pages: 150 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of chemical engineering. Abstract of the laboratory study of cadmium removal from drinking water. Today, the pollution of natural waters with heavy metals has caused concern in many countries of the world due to the destructive effects it has on living organisms. Cadmium enters drinking water through sewage and erosion of mineral rocks and effluents ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc.) Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of using silkworm waste compost as an organic fertilizer in order to reduce or at least adjust the amount of chemical fertilizers used and also to determine the best compost mixture for the ornamental plant Syngonium podophyllum. The treatments were: silkworm waste ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation, March 2013, abstract of the scope of using FRP materials for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in

Number of pages: 101 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System - Water and Soil Resources Abstract One of the problems of advancing the management of pastures and forests in the northern regions of the country is fires that cause heavy environmental and financial damages. Fire risk management in connection with preventive measures can protect the natural ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Textile Industries

Dissertation to receive the master's degree ""M.S.c"" specialization: Textile chemistry and fiber science Abstract: One of the important processes in the completion of textile goods is the underhand improvement in textiles. Finishing the softener provides a desirable softness to the fabric and improves its properties, and the main goals of the softener are to reduce static ...

Number of pages: 66 Category: Textile Industries

To receive a master's degree in textile technology engineering. Abstract In the previous research, multi-sized nano-roughness was developed using nanoparticles with different sizes and different surface charges along with silicone resin coating to produce multi-purpose textiles with stable properties. In this research, the idea of ??using laser irradiation and finishing textiles ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering (environmental engineering) is an abstract of the surface absorption method, one of the effective methods for removing metals, including nickel metal. In this research, modified rice paddy has been used as absorbent material. Since this adsorbent is a natural material with a high contact surface, in addition to its high ability ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in civil engineering, soil mechanics, and the abstract of the contents, one of the most important and at the same time the most difficult topics in soil mechanics is the problem of the stability of gables. Analyzing the stability of soil slopes in order to determine the most probable rupture process or in other words to find the ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract Good bond strength between the old and new concrete surface is a key factor in the performance of concrete repairs. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and evaluate the bond strength between the surface of the old concrete and the added concrete. In this thesis, a laboratory research ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Accidents Abstract: Vehicle traffic safety is one of the most basic principles in traffic engineering and transportation planning in the world. Non-observance of safety principles in the design of roads, maintenance and planning of transportation and traffic in the country has caused heavy damages to the society. Slip resistance[1] is considered as one of the ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering Master's Thesis, Soil and Foundation Engineering Abstract In this thesis, in order to analyze the behavior of surface foundations based on reinforced soil, a simple physical method based on the resistance of materials called ""cone method"" is used, which is actually used as an alternative to the exact solution methods that are based on the three-dimensional ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of road, building and environmental engineering - hydraulic structures Abstract In this research, nonlinear wave differential equations are solved by the local RBF-DQ numerical method. These differential equations are in the form of Laplace's equation (as a governing equation) and nonlinear boundary conditions on the free surface; The basis of the ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's Thesis in Chemical Engineering Abstract Simulation of dynamic surface tension phenomenon in solvent oil systems based on permeation process is one of the prominent processes in the field of increasing extraction from oil reservoirs, gas injection. Therefore, a correct understanding of the mechanisms and how these processes are carried out is a big step towards ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of chemical engineering in the field of biotechnology. The abstract of this research was conducted in order to optimize the operational parameters for the use of bioleaching technology in the extraction of copper from the slag produced by the reflective smelting furnaces of Sarchesmeh copper complex. Wide applications of ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.Sc."" Chemical engineering trend, thermodynamic and synthetic engineering Abstract In this study, the modeling of dilute acid hydrolysis of walnut green skin as a sample of lignocellulosic material to produce fermentable sugar in the bioethanol process has been studied. The four parameters of temperature, time, acid ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Physics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Chemistry Abstract In this research, to evaluate the intermolecular potential energy level (IPS) of the F2-F2 system, the second virial coefficient of fluorine gas was calculated. The IPSs were obtained using the QCISD(T) level of theory and the cc-pVTZ-aug basis set. Calculations were performed in the temperature range of 100 to 600 ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

In order to obtain a master's degree in the field of mechanical engineering, energy conversion, abstract: In this thesis, the mass and heat transfer by integral method in the flow of natural displacement of a fluid with a very low frontal near the wavy inclined wall and under the magnetic field has been investigated. The wall is permeable and as a result, the fluid can be sucked ...

Number of pages: 75 Category: Telecommunication Engineering

Master's Thesis of Electrical Engineering-Communications Wave Orientation Abstract In this thesis, identification of the position and shape of two-dimensional metal objects by optimization[1] of the cost function[2] with the help of the level setting method[3] and the simulation results are presented. In this method, we were able to obtain the shape and position of the objects ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Electronic Engineering

Abstract Improving the active surface model by using optimization of energy functions for segmentation of 3D images, detecting the boundary and exact surface of objects in 2D or 3D images is considered one of the most important and complex issues in the field of image processing, which has many applications in the fields of machine vision, including object tracking, surface ...

Number of pages: 94 Category: Food and Packaging Industries

Master's Thesis in Food Science and Technology (M.Sc) Major: Food Engineering Abstract In this research, the effect of zadu and CHO gums at 5 levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.28 and 0.4 percent and gum arabic and xanthan gum at levels of 0, 0.5, 0.9, 1.4, 1.8 and 0.08, respectively. 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% on the stability, rheological and sensory properties of buttermilk during 59 days of ...

Number of pages: 83 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering. 2013 Winter Earthquake Abstract of earthquakes close to the fault due to having pulse type movement with a long period at the beginning of the record, including

Number of pages: 124 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis - Master's Degree in Geophysics - Winter Seismology 2012 Abstract In this research, the effect of a branch fault in a subduction zone on tsunami waves using numerical modeling of tsunami waves.

Number of pages: 129 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering of hydraulic structures, October 2013 This study is to quantitatively evaluate the effects of watershed operations and with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of projects

Number of pages: 140 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering/ Cold Water Engineering 1392 1-1- Introduction In this chapter, an overview of the concept of climate change and its causes and the effect of this phenomenon on natural resources and

Number of pages: 121 Category: Civil Engineering

end‌name? Rasht Master's Degree: Civil Engineering (M.S.C.) Focus: Hydraulic Structures Academic Year 2011-2012 Summary of the Minab River, the most important river of Khan? The fresh water is in Hormozgan province. this river

Number of pages: 145 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering (M.Sc) Orientation: Structure Winter 2013 Abstract: Resilient construction of important government buildings, infrastructure facilities and vital arteries due to the increase

Number of pages: 135 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of civil engineering, oriented towards soil and foundation mechanics, Shahrivar   2013 Abstract Dams are always considered as infrastructure structures

Number of pages: 104 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering - Earthquake Engineering March 2012 Abstract Reinforced soil is a special material that is created from the combination of soil and reinforcing member. Arming components resistant to N

Number of pages: 139 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Master's Thesis of Information Technology Management (M.Sc) academic year 1389-1390 Abstract In order to study and predict the distribution pattern of economically important benthic fish, catch data of 10 species

Number of pages: 104 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis of Faculty of Art and Architecture, Department: Carpet (Painting), October 2013 Abstract: Today, in today's advanced and industrialized world, using new methods, it is trying to make Tul products

Number of pages: 96 Category: Art - Graphics

Thesis for receiving the master's degree of Handicrafts Department, Mehr 2013 Abstract: A myth is the narrator of an event that humanity tries to fix alienation from the natural phenomena around it by clinging to it. A

Number of pages: 159 Category: Architectural Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of architecture 06/93 abstract Today, as a result of the application of massification and downsizing policy in large urban societies, traditional housing has lost its meaning and concept

Number of pages: 84 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis of Ardakan Faculty of Art and Architecture, Department: Carpets, November 2013 Abstract: Some contemporary (mostly commercial) carpets have defects in color, which are checked by a restorer upon the customer's request.

Number of pages: 209 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning Abstract In this research, the changes in urban land use in Tabriz Region Three Municipality (comparison of new and old detailed plan) have been investigated. The statistical population consists of the municipality of Seh Kalanshahr region of Tabriz. This research is considered to be an applied type of research, ...

Number of pages: 181 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Major: Climatology Abstract: Geographically, Iran has little rainfall due to its proximity to the subtropical high pressure center of STHP and the prevailing weather conditions of this system. In the southern regions of the country, as a result of the longer rule of this system, the drought phenomenon becomes more acute. Rainfall changes ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract Today, rice is the main food of more than half of the world's population and rice is cultivated in five continents and more than forty countries. Rice is one of the main meals of the people of Iran, until 1340, Iran exported more or less rice annually, and since then, as a result of the improvement of the economic situation of the people and the rapid increase of the ...

Number of pages: 173 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Polymer Industry Engineering April 2013 Abstract Nowadays, the topic of energy and energy saving in all fields, even in homes, is one of the most important.

Number of pages: 196 Category: Architectural Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A) in the field of architecture – Architectural engineering trend spring 2014 Urban safety area, fire training centers are one of the most effective places in the three training departments

Number of pages: 136 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Chapter 1 1-1-Introduction: Common fluids such as water, oils and ethylene glycol, which are usually used as heat transfer media, have a limited ability in terms of thermal properties, which is the first obstacle to compress and increase the efficiency of heat exchangers. One of the ways to improve heat transfer is to add particles to the fluid. This method is used for fluids ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for master's degree in the Department of Geography and Urban Planning Abstract One of the phenomena that today's cities, especially large cities, are facing is the phenomenon of high-rise construction. The rapid and uncontrolled growth of the population in cities and the consequent need for housing on a large scale, on the one hand, and preventing the horizontal ...

Number of pages: 93 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting (M.A) Abstract In this research, the relationship between the joint board of directors, discretionary disclosures and profit quality in 57 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2010 is examined. In this research, stock volatility, joint management board and independent director are considered as ...

Number of pages: 70 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (M.A) in the field of social sciences (researcher orientation) when a brief look at today's societies and modern families! We have no doubt that kindergarten is an essential need. Mothers who leave the house early in the morning to do work and return tired in the evening, grandparents who are either absent or unable to take care of ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Architectural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Architecture Orientation: Winter Architecture 2013 Foreword: Bushehr's historical context is one of the most valuable historical contexts in the country, which is unique in its kind.

Number of pages: 85 Category: Art - Graphics

The final performance (dissertation) to obtain the master's degree in the field of world music playing in July 2013. Abstract During the last years, many efforts have been made in the field of comparing the two instruments of violin and violin.

Number of pages: 227 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) specialization: tourism planning, thesis abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): sustainable development is one of the key and widely used issues of the modern world. The tourism industry is not excluded from this category in direct connection with geography. Changing the use of an abandoned ...

Number of pages: 216 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.Sc in Geography and Rural Planning Abstract The importance of various issues and issues of villagers and rural settlements, including the issue of moving villages is very important for a vast country like Iran with a variety of natural features (climate, topography) and social, cultural and ethnic differences along with a large number of sparsely populated and ...

Number of pages: 200 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography, specialization: Geomorphology in environmental planning. The abstract of this research, using the descriptive and analytical method along with library and documentary studies and field observations, investigates the hydrogeomorphology of the Masuleh River basin with an emphasis on the waterfalls of the ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning Abstract Today, cities are expanding and developing with rapid growth, so that the process of urban development is currently one of the most important issues facing researchers of urban issues. In addition to the rate of growth of cities, how the uses change at the macro level is also of interest. The current research is provided ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in the field of meteorology with an urban orientation. Abstract: The researches conducted in the world mainly indicate a gradual increase in the average temperature. Today, the trend of freezing temperatures is one of the most important climate parameters that are evaluated to prove climate change in a region. Analyzing the trend of the ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of natural geography in the field of climate change. Abstract: With the process of global warming and water resources becoming more valuable due to population growth and the needs of industries and agriculture, numerous investigations have been conducted in line with water conservation and protection programs in line with ...

Number of pages: 141 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, Major: Accounting Abstract: In this article, we seek to predict and provide a solution to find the added economic value of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange market. The basis of the predictions made in this research is the information of the audited financial statements. The data used are the data between 1382 and 1387. ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of natural geography, geomorphology in environmental planning. Abstract: Studies on the effects of urban development on Zarjoub and Goharroud rivers in Rasht city have been carried out with the aim of improving the environmental quality of changing the conditions of the rivers from their pollution and flooding to favorable and ...

Number of pages: 230 Category: Management

Dissertation to receive M.A. Master's degree Abstract: Human resources working in organizations are the main capital at the disposal of managers, and human resource management is the most important and perhaps the most important task of managers. The behavior and activity of humans is caused by their motives. Since the strengthening of motivations can lead to the improvement and ...

Number of pages: 195 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field: executive management, orientation: strategic management. Abstract: Information technology, which until several years ago was considered a competitive advantage and a strategic weapon by organizations, is now considered as a competitive need. The use of information and communication technology and research devices that have up-to-date information ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Educational Management Abstract of the present research with the aim of determining the relationship between the learning organization and organizational effectiveness in Allameh Tabatabai University in 2013-2014 using the correlation method. The statistical population of this research is all the administrative staff of the faculties of ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: application of climate in environmental planning. Abstract Since the beginning of history, drought has been a part of climate changes in our environment. The lack of water on one hand and the indiscriminate and wrong use of water resources on the other hand are a serious threat to the environment and water resources in a ...

Number of pages: 215 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of: Geography and Urban Planning Abstract In this research, the changes in urban land use in Tabriz Region Three Municipality (comparison of new and old detailed plans) have been investigated. The statistical population consists of the municipality of Seh Kalanshahr region of Tabriz. This research is considered to be an ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Abstract: All crops are different from each other in terms of biological characteristics and environmental needs, while the natural and environmental characteristics of the land also have drastic changes from one region to another. Many factors affect the growth and development of plants. Some of these factors include: the amount of energy received from the sun, the temperature ...

Number of pages: 119 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis in Urban Affairs Management Abstract Municipality is one of the most key organizations that plays an important role in providing urban services to citizens. By applying the knowledge of information technology and telecommunication systems as well as the ability of internal and experienced specialists in urban management, this organization has created a system ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in the field of Natural Geography, Climate Hazards Abstract Dust storms are destructive weather phenomena that cause irreparable damage to urban areas, fields, facilities, roads, etc. every year. This phenomenon is affected by special weather conditions, and if the mechanism of its development and expansion is known, it is possible to ...

Number of pages: 132 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography, specialization: Geomorphology in environmental planning. Abstract: Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters, which is usually associated with a lot of human and financial losses. Floods every year in the corners of the country cause a lot of damage to economic resources. The occurrence of ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Abstract: The present thesis studies the role of the Republic of Armenia in the geopolitical development of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Caucasus region, and in this way, while examining different approaches in the field of international relations and regional and extra-regional powers, it studies the geopolitical and geoeconomic characteristics of the region and the ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: natural geography, specialization: tourism planning. This research deals with the development of geotourism in the Vashi Gorge of the Jalizjund basin of Firuzkoh city by using a descriptive and analytical method with practical objectives, and the method of collecting information is in the form of library, document and ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for master's degree in accounting, accounting orientation Abstract: Considering that based on the agency theory, corporate governance is created to provide control and balance between the interests of managers and shareholders and as a result to reduce the conflict of agency, companies that have a better quality of corporate governance system should face the problem ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Librarianship

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: accounting, profit abstract is one of the items that investors pay attention to, and it is considered the basis of many important economic decisions. Interest has two components: cash and accrual, on the other hand, accrual items have two normal and abnormal parts. Some evidences show the fact that investors face many problems ...

Number of pages: 149 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

In order to receive a master's degree in geography and climatology in environmental planning, in order to identify the synoptic patterns leading to torrential rain, first, daily rainfall equal to 20 mm and more during the statistical period of 1991 to 2010 was determined as the basis for analyzing the torrent for the synoptic stations of Astara, Anzali, Rasht and Ramsar with the ...

Number of pages: 278 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Ph.D. Dissertation, Natural Geography, Geomorphology, Abstract: Lakes in the end basins are considered to be very smooth and low-sloping surfaces in arid regions. As one of the most important geomorphological units in arid regions, these sunken pits, which are usually places where surface water accumulates, contain valuable paleogeomorphic and paleoclimatological information. ...

Number of pages: 269 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of social communication sciences, journalism, abstract The positive and open approach of the Qom seminary towards the acceptance of new communication technologies has caused the desire to use the latest communication tools for the purpose of education, research, promotion and effective interaction with the political, ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis, Department: M.A., Field: Psychology, Major: Clinical Abstract Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between marital incompatibility with behavioral problems and academic progress of students. The research method is a description of the type of correlation and the statistical population of male students referred by the ...

Number of pages: 173 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's thesis in the field of natural geography, climatology and environmental planning, abstract human civilization is based on the stability of climatic conditions, therefore climate change can be considered a threat to human civilization. In recent years, climate scientists have tried to trace these changes for some climatic elements, the most important of which is ...

Number of pages: 247 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography Major: Climatology Abstract Floods are one of the natural phenomena that mankind has been witnessing since a long time ago. In Iran, due to the large area, multiple climates, and temporal and spatial density of rainfall in most watersheds, every year we see huge floods in most regions of the country. ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Introduction: The present research is devoted to the investigation and study of the bottlenecks of the physical development of Shiraz from the perspective of geomorphology. In a general definition, geomorphology is: The science of swimming is the unevenness of the earth's surface and its task is to recognize and classify (classify) these shapes for planning in the environment. ...