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Number of pages: 246 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Orientation: Educational Management Summer 2019 Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the special educational course while serving faculty speech writers.

Number of pages: 188 Category: Management

Dissertation for the Master's Degree (M.A) in Finance, Winter 2013 Abstract: In this research under the title « Investigation of human resource management on the financial performance of Melli Bank branches » that d

Number of pages: 221 Category: Management

Thesis of master's degree in tourism management, planning and development trend, spring 2013, abstract in today's world, program‌ Strategic planning is considered as an important building block for development and is necessary

Number of pages: 196 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving Master's degree (M.A) in the field of business management, financial orientation. Abstract: The current research seeks to examine the pathology of the internal and external factors of the urban service outsourcing system using the SWOT model. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of research method. The ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis: Tourism Planning-Ecotourism Abstract: Since the 1990s, the traditional approaches to tourism development have been challenged, and with simultaneous emphasis on the positive and negative consequences of tourism, the movement from mass tourism to the approach of sustainable tourism development began. The approach to ecotourism, as a spatial model of tourism in ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Management

Master's Thesis Abstract The purpose of this research is to develop a strategic business plan for Behdeh tourism in order to provide an effective model. The research method is descriptive and relevant information and data have been collected using observation tools, document review, library sources and questionnaires. The statistical population of this research includes all ...

Number of pages: 162 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation to receive the Ph.D. degree in Pharmacy. Persian summary. Quick-release oral tablets are solid pharmaceutical forms that have received special attention in the last three decades and are considered as an alternative to regular tablets and capsules. In contact with oral saliva, these tablets quickly disintegrate and turn into soluble fine granules in less than 1 ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Food and Packaging Industries

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of agricultural engineering, food science and food industry, food technology, abstract. Halva in Iran, despite its high potential in diversity and creating added value, has not been industrially produced to date, and the purpose of this research is to investigate the formulation of wheat flour halva and its production and ...

Number of pages: 157 Category: Philosophy - Ethics

Master's Thesis in Philosophy of Art Abstract: The present research is an attempt to analyze and evaluate the formation of spiritual themes (Spirituality) in cinema. In this way, firstly, a brief look has been given at the formation of spiritualist cinema and also at certain directors whose concern about spirituality was important in their films. Then, the method of interaction ...

Number of pages: 209 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis of master's degree in civil engineering, soil and foundation mechanics orientation, September 2019, abstract: analysis of dynamic interaction between soil and structure (due to the mutual effect of the structure and its retaining soil on each other), D

Number of pages: 163 Category: Architectural Engineering

Abstract Considering the sensitivity of the geographical location and the potentials in the Azad Qeshm Special Zone and the idea of ??improving the level of social interactions with other regions of the country and attracting domestic and foreign investors and improving the economic relations of the organization

Number of pages: 234 Category: Management

The final research of the DBA strategic management course in Tir 1391 Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the components of the development of the leather industry infrastructure and to develop a suitable model for the development of the leather industry infrastructure.

Number of pages: 127 Category: Urban Development

Thesis of master's degree in the field of economics in Islamic economics, February 2013, abstract of worn out fabrics and urban inefficiency are areas of the city that over the past years, its constituent elements, including

Number of pages: 95 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting (M.A) Abstract We are all familiar with the meaning and concept of cheating, although cheating can be generalized to many examples, but we mean cheating in academic exams. Cheating is a dishonest behavior, it is a way other than the honorable way and reaching reality and truth, it is other than the legitimate way and showing oneself with an upside ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting Abstract The creation of joint-stock companies and the emergence of conflict of interests between owners and managers necessitated the formulation of practical solutions to eliminate this conflict, which is known as agency problems in the literature of finance and accounting. This issue caused a lot of research to be done in the field of accounting ...

Number of pages: 71 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering (M.Sc) Orientation: Industries, Summer 2013 Abstract Nowadays, the most important concern of most companies in the implementation of projects, development and implementation.

Number of pages: 138 Category: Insurance

Executive Management Master's Thesis Abstract In today's marketing, the cost of losing a customer is equal to losing the benefits of the service that customer needs throughout his life. Insurance can be considered as one of the vital economic arteries of any country. The main goal of insurance marketing management is to attract new customers and retain previous customers and ...

Number of pages: 175 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

The first chapter of research overview Introduction: In a world that is rapidly increasing urbanization, the role of cities as a means of economic growth is more important. This issue has made the need to use informed decisions and adopt new approaches in urban development planning inevitable in less developed countries that are facing an unprecedented increase in the rate of ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering, Industrial Orientation, Esfand 90, Abstract Today, due to the progress in technology, the globalization of markets, the diversity of customer demand, and the increase

Number of pages: 228 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Industrial and Organizational, Predicting Employees' Job Performance Based on Empowerment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Psychological Capitals Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of empowerment, organizational citizenship behavior, and psychological capitals on the job performance ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Economics

In order to obtain a master's degree in the field of economic development and planning, Esfand 1990, abstract: forecasting the amount of investment needed to achieve the goals of each program (for example, economic growth of 6%, which is in the third program of TOS

Number of pages: 191 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Clinical Psychology Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of individual metacognitive treatments in increasing self-esteem and reducing aggression among juvenile delinquents. For this purpose, 40 delinquent juveniles from correctional and educational centers in Tehran were divided into two random groups ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation to obtain a master's degree. Abstract: To improve the quality and quantity of education and scientific innovations in the field of education, efforts should be made in accordance with educational programs at the global level and its effective understanding, and it should be aligned with global programs and components. The components of globalization are an expanding ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree (M.A.) orientation: energy economy, first chapter: general research, introduction of the income from the sale of oil in oil exporting countries, in increasing prosperity and public welfare

Number of pages: 303 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a doctorate degree in the field of geography and rural planning. Dissertation/dissertation abstract: The development of the agricultural sector in rural areas is based on the existence of natural talents and the realization of planning goals for the establishment of development facilities and requirements. This is despite the fact that some rural ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, field: business management, orientation: finance, abstract of the main research problem: evaluating the performance of organizations plays an essential role in the direction of their future strategic decisions, and due to the importance of this issue, the present research deals with it. The main purpose of the research: The purpose ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Clinical Psychology Abstract: Anxiety disorders include disorders whose common feature is fear and severe anxiety and related behavioral disturbances. In this research, the importance of diagnosing anxiety disorders in the general population has been investigated. The aim of the present study is the epidemiology of anxiety disorders in South Khorasan. From the ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: application of climate in environmental planning. Abstract Since the beginning of history, drought has been a part of climate changes in our environment. The lack of water on one hand and the indiscriminate and wrong use of water resources on the other hand are a serious threat to the environment and water resources in a ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Economics

Social-Economic Systems Engineering Abstract: In this research, by studying, examining and applying the principles of game theory, a new hypothesis has been presented in the field of using game theory in the strategic planning of organizations in order to reduce the impact of environmental changes that have occurred over time on the formulated strategies of companies. In other ...

Number of pages: 191 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's thesis in the field of sociology, abstract of the meaning of orientation; People's orientation towards various topics and issues of the society, and specifically in this research, people's political orientations. In fact, people of every society tend to different political tendencies such as reformism, conservatism and radicalism due to several factors. Based on this, ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A.) orientation: general. Comparison of executive functions in patients with schizophrenia without psychotic symptoms, major depression without psychotic symptoms and normal people in Shiraz (2013). Abstract Various researches have proposed cognitive deficits as one of the important aspects of schizophrenia. In addition, the ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

No abstract 1.Introduction ""The foreign policy of any country is the continuation of the domestic policy of that country"", this phrase is considered one of the famous and classic phrases in the field of political science, which can be seen as a real example in the field of domestic and foreign developments of a country like Türkiye. In fact, the course of historical ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's degree thesis in the field of geography and urban planning summarizes the physical development and growth of Iranian cities until a few decades ago, coordinated and appropriate to the needs of the urban society. With the emergence of new developments, cities quickly accepted changes and transformations. These transformations have been in the form of rapid population ...

Number of pages: 69 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master of Social Sciences (M.A) Degree: Researcher Abstract Professional values ??are the basis of employees' performance, which guide employees' interactions with citizens, colleagues, other professionals, and the general public, and provide a framework for commitment to the welfare of citizens and guidance for ethical behavior in the provision of humanitarian ...

Number of pages: 330 Category: Management

Dissertation for Ph.D. Abstract Statement of the Problem The purpose of this research was to design a generic model of strategic partnership in the banking and insurance industry based on the process of value creation and allocation. The main issue in conducting this research is the ever-increasing intensification in the competitive environment and the application of ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for M.A. specialization: accounting, abstract change of auditors in professional circles is due to various reasons. In addition to the compulsions that capital market managers have considered to change the auditor, the change of auditor may be caused by the existing corporate governance mechanisms within the organization in such a way that they choose the auditor ...

Number of pages: 144 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" Orientation: International Trade Abstract: During the last two decades, export has been recognized as one of the activities that accelerate economic growth. Exporting plays the role of a key factor for companies in achieving a competitive advantage in today's turbulent market. On the other hand, the relationship between ...

Number of pages: 192 Category: Management

Master's thesis in industrial management, financial orientation, abstract of the vision document and the general policies governing it, is a document that the Supreme Leader announced and pointed out that it is mandatory, that is why it is a mandatory document. Considering that the most important goal of the vision document 1404 is to achieve the first economic, scientific and ...

Number of pages: 232 Category: Management

(Dissertation for Master of Business Administration (International Marketing) Abstract In the crowded market where we see the activity of many mobile phone brands, on the one hand, we are facing a decrease in the purchase of such phones due to the economic recession and the decrease in people's purchasing power, and on the other hand, we are witnessing the great efforts of these ...

Number of pages: 218 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Industrial Management The process of globalization, the emergence of the World Trade Organization and the integration of world markets, rapid and fundamental technological advances, new developments in the field of information technology, the increase in rapid changes in consumption and demand patterns, the explanation of environmental ...

Number of pages: 178 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.Sc Master's Degree in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System - Water and Soil Resources Abstract: Urban heat islands are areas of the earth's surface that have a higher temperature than neighboring areas. The spread of this phenomenon varies in space and time. The creation of thermal islands and its spatial and temporal changes are mostly ...

Number of pages: 230 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Industrial and Organizational, Predicting Employees' Job Performance Based on Empowerment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Psychological Capitals Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of empowerment, organizational citizenship behavior, and psychological capitals on the job performance ...

Number of pages: 262 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation to receive a doctorate degree in the field of geography and urban planning Abstract: The issue of the safety of cities against natural hazards is one of the main goals of urban planning, and one of the issues that most major cities in the world are dealing with is the issue of natural disasters. Due to the unpredictability of natural disasters and the need to make ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree, field: business management, orientation: insurance, abstract: nowadays, the implementation of office automation has provided many benefits for organizations, including their customers. Speed, accuracy, safety, etc. are among these advantages. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of administrative automation on ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in business administration, specialization: Finance. Abstract: In this research, the relationship between profit transparency and liquidity risk in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange is investigated. In this research, we will check that increasing the transparency of companies' profits reduces liquidity risk. The ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering, Power Systems, Abstract: In this thesis project, a new analytical approach is proposed for planning electric energy production and determining the amount and storage location of rotating storage corresponding to the risk level of subscriber load points through profit/cost analysis in the optimization program of shared ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc) in the field of electrical-power engineering. Abstract In this thesis, the design of a resistant controller in power electronic circuit breakers and its comparison with linear control methods have been examined. The main goal of research and development in this field is always to find the most suitable control method in order to implement ...

Number of pages: 84 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis Farsi Abstract: Today, with the expansion of DC consumers and non-linear loads connected to the network, the design and construction of power factor correction circuits using electronic power converters has gained special importance. With the advancement of technology, integrated circuits have come to help in this field. Due to the complexity and non-linear ...

Number of pages: 135 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management (M.A.) Orientation: Strategic Abstract: Today, the attention to the role and importance of strategic planning in achieving the goals of organizations has greatly increased and even some management science thinkers refer to it as a source of competitive advantage. The purpose of the current research is to compile the ...

Number of pages: 218 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Industrial Management The process of globalization, the emergence of the World Trade Organization and the integration of world markets, rapid and fundamental technological advances, new developments in the field of information technology, the increase in rapid changes in consumption and demand patterns, the explanation of environmental ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of medical engineering, improving the common spatial pattern filtering method to improve the efficiency of brain-computer interface systems. Therefore, this capability can help many sensory-motor patients and solve their problems in relation to their surroundings to a very high extent.

Number of pages: 143 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Master's Thesis in Dramatic Literature Abstract of this research examines the narrative in the dramatic works of Mirza Fethali Akhundzadeh based on the theories of Jonathan Kaler. First, in order to explain Keller's ideas, we will discuss the formation process of structuralism in order to examine the reasons for the existence and why of this very important movement. At the ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Art - Graphics

Abstract Glass making is one of the ancient arts of Iran, and the production of glass works is considered a significant part of the handicrafts of our country. The production of art glass in Iran has been based on its most original method, i.e., foot glass making, as well as some other methods, such as glass fusion, glass melting, etc. Unfortunately, in the past few years, glass ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Dissertation in Master's Degree in Dramatic Literature Abstract: The accumulated knowledge of narratology has provided a significant theory for the analysis of narrative texts. In this research, it is tried to show that considering the common structural elements and categories between narrative and drama, it is possible to use the theoretical knowledge of narratology for the ...

Number of pages: 130 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) in the field of business management group - financial orientation Abstract: Banks play an important role in realizing the macroeconomic goals and helping to implement the country's strategic projects. On the other hand, the basic goal of every financial institution, especially banks, is to attract customers and, as a result, attract ...

Number of pages: 150 Category: Urban Development

Master's Thesis in Urban Management Abstract All organizations, whether public or private, need to evaluate the performance of their activities and processes for development, growth and sustainability in today's competitive arena, so that they can measure the efficiency and effectiveness of their organization's programs, processes and human resources. Monitoring and evaluation ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field of technology management, technology transfer, abstract is one of the most important main factors in the success of using technology in order to gain a competitive advantage, awareness and recognition of the level of the company's technological capabilities and their proper use. Technological needs assessment is a tool used to determine the ...

Number of pages: 157 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: executive management, direction: strategic. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the possibility of using a balanced scorecard to implement its strategies in Saipa Automobile Company. Balanced scorecard is one of the performance evaluation techniques of organizations that evaluates the organization ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Civil Engineering

Doctoral Dissertation of Soil and Foundation Mechanics Abstract In this research, the discrete element method was used to analyze the wave propagation and investigate the factors affecting the wave speed in granular soils. The method of separate elements is important due to the possibility of preparing completely similar samples and checking the effect of changes of a certain ...

Number of pages: 96 Category: Management

Academic Thesis for Master's Degree Field: Business Management Major: International Business Abstract Strategic orientation as one of the main drivers of strategy formulation has been widely studied and investigated by researchers in the last three decades. But the effect of strategic orientation on export performance has been studied less. The purpose of this research is to ...

Number of pages: 132 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Business Administration-Marketing Abstract Successful implementation and implementation of customer relationship management requires the correct design and formulation of goals and strategies with structure, culture (or human resources) and organizational technology. Although there has been a lot of research on the reasons for the failure of ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis of Electrical Engineering - Power Abstract The discussion of repairs in any system, including the power system, is of special importance. In the traditional structure of the electricity industry, repairs related to the generation and transmission sectors are both carried out by the network operator. With the restructuring of the electricity industry, the repair ...

Number of pages: 243 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field: MBA Executive Management (to obtain a master's degree in the MBA field) Abstract Changes in the internal and external environments of organizations are one of the most important features that managers and strategic planners are interested in. Therefore, managers are faced with the challenge of how to face them in order to reduce the vulnerability of ...

Number of pages: 255 Category: Management

Abstract In the resource-based perspective, there is a belief that inimitable, valuable, rare and socially complex resources and capabilities create superior competitive advantage. The success of an organization depends on the development of capabilities and relationships that are unique to the company and are maintained in the medium to long term. The current research seeks to ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis of Electrical Engineering - Restructuring Abstract The trustees of distribution systems, as the last link in the chain of electricity supply to subscribers, face problems in their long-term decisions. Paying attention to electricity markets and rates affected by the performance of electricity market players challenges distribution companies, which are responsible ...

Number of pages: 119 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Major: Applied Chemistry Persian Summary The purpose of this research is to investigate common fatty acids in ostrich oil and determine the amount of retinol in snail secretion to make a cream with therapeutic properties. Since 3000 years ago, the healing properties of ostrich oil have been known to treat wounds, burns, joint pain and skin ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""MSc"" specialization: applied chemistry Farsi abstract of the thesis or dissertation (including: summary of objectives, implementation methods and results obtained in maximum 10 lines): The possibility of manipulating matter at the nano level was first proposed in written form by Richard Feynman. During his conference called ...

Number of pages: 73 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for Master of Chemical Engineering Abstract: In this research, it is attempted to solve one of the major problems in the field of drug production, i.e. improving the solubility of drug particles in body fluids[1] by using the process of solvent/anti-solvent precipitation and nano-scale sediment production in a ?-shaped microchannel, the effect of surfactant ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Academic Dissertation for Master's Degree in: Organic Chemistry 1-1) Introduction Today, nanotechnology [1] is an attractive subject that has attracted the attention of scientists, industrialists and even ordinary people due to the special properties and practical potentials of these materials. Considering the wide applications of carbon nanotubes, the methods of mass production ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for obtaining a doctorate degree in dentistry. Introduction Removing large amounts of dental tissue weakens the restored tooth. The type of restoration and composite method can be one of the influencing factors on tooth fracture resistance under occlusal forces. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using new low-shrinkage composites on the ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Abstract: Microbial proteases are among the most important hydrolyzing enzymes, which account for 60% of the global market of industrial enzymes. In this research, synthesis of protease enzyme in solid state fermentation process using Bacillus bacteria. licheniformis was investigated. Various agricultural ...

Number of pages: 89 Category: Fisheries

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.Sc."" Orientation: food industry Abstract quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacterial and fungal flora and total volatile nitrogen, 6 types of commercial food, extruded (floating) produced in Mazandaran province, including: starters 1 and 2, growth and endings 1, 2 and 3, were investigated in a period of 90 days (0, 30, ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation Chemistry for Master's Degree Abstract Acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesives are more expensive than rubber-based adhesives, but they have a longer life and resistance to high temperatures, chemicals, UV rays, solvents, light, softeners, and the environment. Modification of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives is useful for improving adhesion properties. In ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for Doctorate Degree in Dentistry Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of adhesive total etch and self etch using three methods of Fluid filtration, dye penetration and dye extraction, as well as to determine the statistical relationship between these three methods. Materials and methods In this laboratory study, 72 extracted human ...

Number of pages: 59 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Chemistry, Chemistry, Abstract: Epoxy resins, which are thermosetting polymers, have properties such as high thermal stability, good adhesion, high chemical resistance, easy molding, and moisture resistance. These resins are used as adhesives, coatings, paints and polymer tools. The most common epoxy resin is prepared from the reaction of ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering - Renewal Abstract The trustees of distribution systems, as the last link in the chain of electricity supply to subscribers, face problems in their long-term decisions. Paying attention to electricity markets and rates affected by the performance of electricity market players challenges distribution companies, which are responsible and ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering, Power Systems, Abstract: In this thesis project, a new analytical approach is proposed for planning electric energy production and determining the amount and location of storage of rotating storage corresponding to the risk level of subscriber load points through profit/cost analysis in the optimization program for the ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of medical engineering. Abstract: Improvement of common spatial pattern filtering method to improve the efficiency of computer-brain interface systems. Therefore, this capability can help many sensory-motor patients and solve their problems in relation to their surroundings to a very high extent.

Number of pages: 165 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of health and medical services management. Background: For the past few decades, the attention of executives and experts has been drawn towards long-term planning, especially strategic plans. In fact, organizations should have strategic thinking, transform their findings and perceptions into effective strategies to adapt ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis of Electrical Engineering - Power Abstract The discussion of repairs in any system, including the power system, is of special importance. In the traditional structure of the electricity industry, repairs related to the generation and transmission sectors are both carried out by the network operator. With the restructuring of the electricity industry, the repair ...