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Number of pages: 100 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract In this study, the evaluation and comparison of nonlinear and numerical analysis of deep reinforced concrete beams with openings without reinforcement with deep concrete beams with openings reinforced with FRP sheets and deep reinforced concrete beams without openings by Abaqus finite element ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Civil Engineering

To obtain a master's degree in the field of civil engineering - structural orientation. Abstract: The subject of this research is to investigate the level of performance and accuracy of methods based on non-linear static analysis and the need to retrofit steel buildings with a dual system of bending frame with cross brace and convergent 7-shaped brace designed with the 2800 Iran ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering (Applied Design) Abstract: Electromechanical micro and nano systems have been noticed due to their distinctive features and unique characteristics, mainly in the two fields of sensors and sensors, in various sciences such as mechanics, aerospace and medicine. Electrostatic stimulation is one of the simplest and most ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for master's degree in Applied Design-Dynamics and Control Abstract: Transverse instability is one of the common problems in high-speed rail vehicles, which occurs on rails without arches and due to the friction-creep nature of wheel-rail contact that creates non-conservative forces in the system. This phenomenon is called hunting, which is a type of ...

Number of pages: 94 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, Applied Design, Abstract In this research, an analytical solution is presented to show the size dependence and the effect of temperature difference on nonlinear free vibrations and post-buckling behavior of microtubes containing current. Based on Euler-Bernoulli model, strain gradient theory, Couple's stress theory and von-Carman ...

Number of pages: 209 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis of master's degree in civil engineering, soil and foundation mechanics orientation, September 2019, abstract: analysis of dynamic interaction between soil and structure (due to the mutual effect of the structure and its retaining soil on each other), D

Number of pages: 108 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in civil-structural field winter 2012 Abstract In recent years, the number of buildings that have suffered damage due to the loss of their gravity-bearing members has increased. Therefore, it has become important to design structures so that they are resistant to progressive damage in addition to the effects of earthquakes. One of the factors ...

Number of pages: 181 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree > Direction: Hydraulic Structures Abstract: One of the assumptions that is made to simplify the dynamic analysis of the existing weighted concrete dams is the uniformity of the foundation in terms of physical parameters such as modulus of elasticity and damping. This is despite the fact that, in practice, different geological conditions may ...

Number of pages: 231 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation to receive M.Sc degree in civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract: One of the ways to strengthen the building against lateral loads is the use of a wind system (convergent or divergent). The increasing use of steel braces to deal with earthquake forces requires that the seismic performance of these types of systems be given more attention. The common ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc. The tendency of the abstract power transmission networks of modern power systems is increasingly changing due to the increase in demand and limitations in the construction of new lines. One of the consequences of such a stressed system is the risk of losing stability after a disturbance. Flexible alternating current transmission systems (facts) are very ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

The thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of mechanical engineering, applied design, is an abstract of the experience of losing a limb. The full understanding of this feeling will be possible only when a person loses a limb. Obesity and longer life expectancy have increased the number of knee replacement implants [1]. Due to the increase in life expectancy as well ...

Number of pages: 151 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, soil and foundation, today, due to the progress of the tunneling industry, the need to analyze and design underground structures in rocky environments is felt more than in the past. Although there are many numerical and practical software available in this field, none of them are complete and perfect in all fields, and each of ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Electrical Engineering

Abstract: The design of output resistant static controller to achieve fuzzy tracking for nonlinear systems described by Takagi-Sugno T-S model. The subject of this thesis is related to the problem of designing output resistant static controller to achieve fuzzy tracking for systems with time delay and uncertainty that can be modeled by Takagi-Sugno (T-S) fuzzy modeling. The ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

The thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of mechanics, investigating and analyzing the free and forced vibrations of a multi-walled carbon nanotube placed in an elastic medium in order to achieve a clear mathematical understanding of the behavior of different walls of the nanotube under the influence of van der Waals forces and the elastic medium is one of the ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Presented to obtain a master's degree in the field of mechanical engineering-applied design orientation. Abstract In this research, we investigated the free vibration of a cracked beam and found its natural frequencies. In the first part, by using the open crack model, by modeling the cracked part as a beam-shaped element and satisfying the boundary conditions, we obtained the ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in structural engineering, February 2011 Abstract: In the optimal civil engineering ­structure construction‌ for static loadings have been significantly developed. But, in

Number of pages: 123 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in the field of electrical engineering- control, abstract assessment of the transient stability of power systems using the data of phasor measurement units, quick assessment of security in power networks in emergency situations and the occurrence of various errors, is a vital thing to prevent collapse and create nationwide outages. Therefore, the evaluation ...

Number of pages: 153 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil-Structural Engineering Abstract In order to estimate the capacity of buildings, it will be much easier and less expensive to use static methods instead of incremental dynamic methods. Although the incremental dynamic method gives more accurate and closer answers to the real behavior of the structure, its high cost and time has increased the desire to use ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering, Structures, Abstract: This thesis is the results of a numerical and parametric study on the effect of reinforcing reinforced concrete shear wall with FRP composite and applying the results of the finite element method. The finite element program is compared and calibrated against experimental data. Then, the numerical ...

Number of pages: 174 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract: Today, in earthquake-prone countries, it is recommended to use a variety of energy-depleting tools in order to dissipate the energy of earthquakes on the structure. One of these tools is rotational friction dampers. Because the current regulations do not provide a value for the coefficient ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.S) Chapter 1 History of dynamic analysis of liquid storage tanks and regulatory orders in this regard Abstract The main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of the presence of seismic isolators on the dynamic performance of liquid storage tanks during an earthquake. In this regard, it is necessary to first know the dynamic ...

Number of pages: 96 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis Field: Civil Engineering Abstract Bridges are inseparable members of the means of communication and are very influential in economic and social conditions. The passage of time and random loads are among the things that threaten the health of bridges. Abnormal loads caused by natural accidents, execution errors and some other issues can cause progressive collapse ...

Number of pages: 97 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering, Structures Chapter 1: Introduction-1-Introduction In recent years, the philosophy of traditional methods, which were based on the design of structures against natural hazards, has undergone major changes. Extensive destruction of structures designed on the basis of old regulations in recent earthquakes, advances in analysis ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering in the field of earthquakes. Abstract: The introduction of damage generators is very close to the concept of inelastic behavior and, as a result, hysteresis energy. Therefore, it can be said that the hysteresis energy at these levels can be a significant criterion for the design or control of the ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering - Structural Orientation Abstract: The most basic goal in the seismic design of structures is to prevent the structure from collapsing during severe earthquakes, which is the basis of the governing theory of seismic behavior, the result of investigating the nonlinear behavior of the structure during an earthquake and the ...

Number of pages: 185 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering, structure orientation. Abstract: Today, many reinforced concrete structures that are in operation are more than 75 years old and have been damaged due to natural disasters such as earthquakes and wind, or due to material fatigue or corrosive factors. Maintenance of structures is very important due to ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Civil Engineering

A master's thesis in the field of civil engineering - hydraulic structures Abstract Liquid storage air tanks are used not only to store water, but also to store chemicals and toxic substances in different forms. Considering the use of these structures in civil and urban development and industrial networks, their importance is determined before and after the earthquake. The ...

Number of pages: 77 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, Applied Design, Abstract: Microelectromechanical systems are generally classified based on the type of their excitation mechanism. In addition to electrostatic excitation, which is considered as one of the most important excitation mechanisms, thermal excitation is widely used in multi-layered and functionally variable ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis in the field of Electrical Engineering - Control Abstract Evaluation of the transient stability of power systems using the data of phasor measurement units by the efforts of Hanieh Mohammadi Rapid evaluation of security in power networks in emergency situations and the occurrence of various errors is a vital thing to prevent collapse and create nationwide ...

Number of pages: 207 Category: Electrical Engineering

Doctoral thesis of electrical engineering - Power Abstract Islanding of interconnected power systems, which is also known for isolating and breaking power systems, is the last line of defense to deal with the collapse of the system and prevent catastrophic incidents in the power network. The islanding of interconnected power systems is presented as an extensive control method as ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's Thesis on Car Structure and Body Abstract In recent years, many researchers have allocated their attention to a special category of materials, memory materials. The ability to absorb and control vibrations actively or passively, respectively, is affected by the features of shape memory and hysteresis energy loss caused by the pseudo-elastic characteristics of these ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of road, building and environmental engineering - hydraulic structures Abstract In this research, nonlinear wave differential equations are solved by the local RBF-DQ numerical method. These differential equations are in the form of Laplace's equation (as a governing equation) and nonlinear boundary conditions on the free surface; The basis of the ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for M.Sc Master's Degree, Mechanical Engineering - Applied Design Abstract Modern wind turbines today tend to vibrate a lot due to their elastic, long and narrow structure. Therefore, all components of wind turbines should be subjected to vibration and modal analysis in the design stages, and their natural frequencies should be reviewed with turbine excitation ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's Thesis in Mechanical Engineering - Applied Design Abstract of elastoplastic analysis of thick-walled tanks made of targeted materials with linear kinematic stiffness behavior under cyclic loading, stress analysis and deformation of spherical thick-walled tanks made of subject materials under internal pressure loading and temperature difference are discussed in this ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of structural oriented civil engineering, 2013, although the construction and design methods of structures have expanded over the years, but still the effect of earthquakes is one of the most important.

Number of pages: 100 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering – Shahrivar Marine Structures, September 1992 Abstract: Pipe-in-pipe systems are widely used in transmission line applications.

Number of pages: 123 Category: Economics

Master's Thesis of Industrial Engineering, Financial Orientation, November 2013. Abstract: Evaluation of the performance of organizations and intra-organizational units is a necessary tool for their continued life and growth. Among various models and techniques.

Number of pages: 107 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering – Summer Industries 2013 Abstract A supply chain is a collection of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors.

Number of pages: 107 Category: Industrial Engineering

Thesis for receiving the degree of M.Sc. Industrial Engineering-Industrial Engineering Summer 2013 Abstract: In today's age, are there fewer companies? It can be seen that it is exclusively related to the production of a product.

Number of pages: 98 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in electrical engineering, control trend, abstract of new methods of identifying errors in systems, such as the use of qualitative analysis of events, can lead to tangible and understandable results for everyone. The gas turbine system is one of the systems in which there is a possibility of many errors. And sometimes even modeling them with mathematical methods ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc) in the field of electrical-power engineering. Abstract In this thesis, the design of a resistant controller in power electronic circuit breakers and its comparison with linear control methods have been examined. The main goal of research and development in this field is always to find the most suitable control method in order to implement ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Management

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: business management, orientation: financial management. Abstract In today's world, due to the increasing speed of science and knowledge, organizations are forced to use communication technology to adapt to the changing environmental conditions, and in this direction, they must invest. With the entry of a telecommunication ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Civil Engineering

Doctoral Dissertation of Soil and Foundation Mechanics Abstract In this research, the discrete element method was used to analyze the wave propagation and investigate the factors affecting the wave speed in granular soils. The method of separate elements is important due to the possibility of preparing completely similar samples and checking the effect of changes of a certain ...

Number of pages: 149 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M. Sc."" Field: Agricultural Engineering Major: Water Structures Abstract The sediment transfer process is a completely complex, variable and non-linear phenomenon. So that the behavior of the river in the sediment transfer capacity for a certain discharge is different in different times. Therefore, due to the complexity of the ...

Number of pages: 198 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: civil engineering, orientation: structure. Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for optimal selection of acceleration maps and their scaling to perform dynamic time history analysis, to achieve the average response spectrum that has a suitable match and a small distance with the target spectrum and represents the ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Dissertation of Discontinuous Structure Abstract: In recent years, the use of composite material in the construction and strengthening of structures has expanded greatly. The structure of this material is such that there is a possibility of crack formation between the layers. Due to the increase in load, these cracks grow and cause a sharp drop in the strength and ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis of Structures Abstract In the welding process, after a stage of cooling of the body, due to the uneven distribution of temperature, stresses remain in it, which are called residual stresses. To obtain these stresses, the temperature history of the object during the welding process must be available. For this purpose, first a thermal analysis is done to obtain the ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering, Marine Structures, Abstract: Tension-based platforms are among economic marine platforms for use in deep waters. The correct prediction of the platform's dynamic response to environmental loads is very important in its economic and safe design. In this research, the dynamic behavior of the tension base platform under the ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field of business management, financial orientation. Abstract In this research, as an example, forecasting the timing of stock transactions of 17 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange was carried out. In this way, firstly, the primary data, which includes 3 variables of the final price, the lowest price and the highest stock price during the period ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Management

Department of Business Management Thesis for Master's degree (M.A.) Abstract Today, all managers in all organizations want to make optimal use of the facilities and capacities available in different departments. Therefore, the existence of a model to provide feedback in order to improve various branches of organizations and to obtain a tool to meet the needs of managers seems ...

Number of pages: 93 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis, Electrical Engineering, Power, Abstract: The sliding mode control method is one of the most important non-linear control methods, whose distinctive characteristics are insensitivity to parameter changes, complete rejection of disturbance, and dealing with uncertainty. This controller first brings the system from the initial state using the law of reaching the ...

Number of pages: 76 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Applied Design Mechanics Abstract: Composites have received a lot of attention in recent decades due to their high strength and low weight. Such materials can fail due to static, impact, dynamic loading, etc., and the various failures that occur can cause a severe drop in strength in the structure. Engineers always think of using different ...

Number of pages: 84 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's thesis in electrical engineering, control trend, abstract of new methods of identifying errors in systems, such as the use of qualitative analysis of events, can lead to tangible and understandable results for everyone. The gas turbine system is one of the systems in which there is a possibility of many errors. And sometimes even modeling them with mathematical methods ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc) in the field of electrical-power engineering. Abstract In this thesis, the design of a resistant controller in power electronic circuit breakers and its comparison with linear control methods have been examined. The main goal of research and development in this field is always to find the most suitable control method in order to implement ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for M.Sc Master's degree, mechanical engineering-applied design Abstract With the emergence of composite materials, a huge progress was achieved in many engineering applications. Nevertheless, problems such as delamination, stress concentration, and discontinuous distribution of stress, the idea of ??creating a new type of composite materials in which properties ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Energy Conversion Mechanical Engineering Abstract: Fluid propulsion vector orientation has emerged as an important technology for high performance air vehicles. This technology can improve the maneuverability of the aircraft by changing the nozzle flow and its deviation from its axial direction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ...

Number of pages: 160 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's Thesis in Mechanical Engineering (Applied Design) Abstract of Gas Turbine Rotor Stress Analysis Using Continuous Damage Mechanics In this thesis, Lometer's unified model based on continuous damage mechanics is used to model the stress-strain behavior of a gas turbine rotor sample. The unified damage law, which is used to model creep-fatigue interaction, is based on the ...

Number of pages: 94 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for M.Sc. Mechanical engineering trend - applied design In this research, a wind turbine with a vertical axis of the Savonius model is modeled. The wind turbine has been modeled in the fluid control volume, which is the same as the wind tunnel in real conditions, and has been investigated under wind blowing with different speeds. Also, in terms of overlap ratio, it ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering, Applied Design, Abstract: Microbeams are used as the main element in most sensors and actuators. In some cases, such as micro switches, this member may also be used in an environment containing fluid. Therefore, in this article, we analyzed the dynamic behavior and frequency analysis of a micro beam that is located in a ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's Thesis in Mechanical Engineering (Applied Design): Abstract of the analysis of leading damage in pin connections of composite materials. The purpose of this research is to analyze the leading damage in pin connections of composite materials. To do this, finite element software ABAQUS and FORTRAN programming have been used. The contact between the composite plate with ...

Number of pages: 83 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering. 2013 Winter Earthquake Abstract of earthquakes close to the fault due to having pulse type movement with a long period at the beginning of the record, including

Number of pages: 154 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering – Spring 2014 structure trend, first chapter, general research 1-1- Introduction: Mostly structures for severe earthquakes and surface acceptance

Number of pages: 170 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Civil Engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract: Concrete beam and slab bridges with neoprene supports are among the most common highway bridges in the country.

Number of pages: 235 Category: Civil Engineering

Doctoral dissertation in civil engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract The inappropriate performance of columns in concrete buildings designed and built in the past years causes concern and attention to the amount of A

Number of pages: 210 Category: Management

Dissertation for M.A. Department of Public Management with Transformational Orientation Abstract The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and job stress and creativity among the employees of Salam Insurance General Administration.

Number of pages: 147 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (M.A) Business Management - Marketing Orientation Summer 2019 Abstract Considering the ever-increasing speed of changes and competition in the economic world, managers should have

Number of pages: 115 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering - Structural Orientation, February 2013 Abstract: The performance of a building during an earthquake depends on many factors, as a result, predicting the seismic performance of structures should be considered either explicitly or implicitly as part of the design or evaluation. Predicting the seismic response of the structure is very ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Economics

The thesis of the master's degree course in the field of economic sciences, February 2013, is an abstract of the prediction of effective tools and solutions for the purpose of planning and compiling financial methods. Prediction accuracy is important

Number of pages: 124 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract Today, rice is the main food of more than half of the world's population and rice is cultivated in five continents and more than forty countries. Rice is one of the main meals of the people of Iran, until 1340, Iran exported more or less rice annually, and since then, as a result of the improvement of the economic situation of the people and the rapid increase of the ...

Number of pages: 76 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for master's degree in accounting, accounting major. Abstract: The present research was conducted in order to provide evidence regarding the effect of ""privatization"" on the quality of profit of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The spatial domain of this research is Tehran Stock Exchange and its temporal domain is 1382 to 1392. In order to test the ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, Major: Accounting, Abstract: Considering the importance of the liquidity of companies' shares in the capital market, the present research seeks to investigate the factors affecting liquidity. In this regard, the impact of dividend policies on the liquidity of companies' shares has been tested. In this research, multiple linear ...

Number of pages: 196 Category: Architectural Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A) in the field of architecture – Architectural engineering trend spring 2014 Urban safety area, fire training centers are one of the most effective places in the three training departments

Number of pages: 155 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: General Abstract The purpose of this research was to predict children's mental health and resilience based on marital satisfaction and mothers' attachment styles. The method of the present research was descriptive correlation of the predictive type. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the 10-12-year-old ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract In this research, the moderating role of coping strategies and social support in the relationship between quality of life, psychological symptoms and parenting styles has been examined and 120 female heads of households in Alborz province were selected as the research sample. Research evidence and the results of ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master Degree (M.A.) Direction: General Abstract The relationship between personality traits and addiction to computer games was tested on a sample of 400 students (200 men and 200 women). In the present study, it is assumed that five personality dimensions (neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) can predict addiction to ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: General Examining the relationship between mental health and academic progress in a group of middle school girls taking into account the employment status of mothers; Shiraz 2013 Abstract: The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between mothers' employment and mental health and the academic progress ...

Number of pages: 97 Category: Economics

Master's thesis in economics abstract: One of the most important factors affecting the trade of every country and every economic sector, for what has been proposed in economic theories, is the exchange rate and the national income of countries.

Number of pages: 258 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, specialization: accounting, abstract: according to the efficient market theory, one of the characteristics of an efficient and ideal market is the absence of transaction costs and, as a result, high liquidity. With the increase in liquidity, the cost of transactions will decrease significantly. Liquidity also plays an important role ...

Number of pages: 217 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Industrial Management, Finance, Subject: Investigating the relationship between credit risk management and overdue claims of Mellat Bank. The statistical population of the current research is Bank Mellat of Semnan province. The statistical sample of the present research is in the management of Bank Mellat branches in Semnan province in the ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for the degree of Master of Accounting (M.A.) Summary of the research: In this century, the intensity of competition and the complications and uncertainties caused by it have caused the management of companies to be more sensitive to the use of their financial and non-financial resources, and all they try to do is to spend the resources in a place that creates value ...