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Number of pages: 138 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Submitted for Master's Degree Submitted for Master's Degree Abstract In addition to lateral instability, one of the major threats to passenger cars, especially SUVs, is the risk of overturning. In this thesis, a coordination strategy based on fuzzy logic is designed for the integrated operation of active steering, differential, brake and anti-roll bar subsystems. Separate ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Management

Thesis of the master's degree in the educational field: MBA 2013 Farsi Abstract Many business managers consider marketing to mean sales or advertising, while the concept of market

Number of pages: 197 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

An academic thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography - Geomorphology trend in environmental planning, abstract of the mutual effects caused by different resources and living and non-living components in a watershed, the necessity of implementing a systemic and integrated management model in watersheds with the aim of optimal resource efficiency and ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Electronic Engineering

The master's thesis in the field of power. Abstract Control of scattered productions and their planning is one of the important issues of power systems operation. The purpose of this issue is to minimize the cost of operation and pollution and to supply cargo by observing the operation restrictions. The increase in the desire to use renewable resources and the move towards the ...

Number of pages: 113 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Telecommunication Electrical Engineering (Field) In this thesis, a patch microstrip antenna with very effective changes in the ground plane and its radiation part is studied to increase efficiency, create various modes of frequency response and the possibility of controlling these modes. The changes applied to this antenna have created a new ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Electrical Engineering

The master's thesis in the field of power. Abstract Control of scattered productions and their planning is one of the important issues of power systems operation. The purpose of this issue is to minimize the cost of operation and pollution and to supply cargo by observing the operation restrictions. The increase in the desire to use renewable resources and the move towards the ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of: Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Management. Abstract: Rice is one of the major crops of Gilan province and plays an important role in the income of rural households. The amount of rice yield is threatened every year by various factors such as pests, diseases and weeds. Blast disease is one of the most damaging ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in electricity, power orientation Abstract: In the past, the structure of energy production and consumption systems, such as electricity and natural gas, were independent of each other. But due to the ever-increasing growth of energy consumption and the development of control systems and the need for coordination between energy production and ...

Number of pages: 73 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of electricity - the tendency of electric machines. Abstract In this thesis, the behavior of the wind power plant is investigated using the detailed model of induction generator with two-way feeding. Electronic converters of the power plant and its control systems and the behavior of the power plant include electrical and ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Academic Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of: Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Management, Abstract Based on the research, the amount of damage caused to agricultural products by weeds, diseases, insects, and other pests has been determined as 45, 30, 20, and 5 percent of the total damage caused to agricultural products, which is about 35 percent. ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Agricultural Engineering

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen supply sources on the consumption of nicosulfuron poison in the spring and summer of 2013 in a farm in Zagheh village of Abik county located in Qazvin province, an experiment was conducted in the form of a split plot experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The experimental factors include: ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Telecommunication Electrical Engineering (Field) In this thesis, a patch microstrip antenna with very effective changes in the ground plane and its radiation part is studied to increase efficiency, create various modes of frequency response and the possibility of controlling these modes. The changes applied to this antenna have created a new ...

Number of pages: 139 Category: Management

Department of Industrial Management Winter 2019 Abstract: The current research is about the mutual effect of supply chain management and customer relationship management in Esfrain Steel Company. In order to answer the research questions

Number of pages: 130 Category: Psychology

Thesis for receiving the degree of M.A. Orientation: assessment and measurement (psychology) Winter 2013 Abstract During the past decades, a large number of psychologists and psychiatrists

Number of pages: 214 Category: Architectural Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of architecture, Mehr 2013 Abstract: One of our needs today is to have a space to get acquainted with new architectural technologies in the world

Number of pages: 107 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering – Summer Industries 2013 Abstract A supply chain is a collection of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors.

Number of pages: 71 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering (M.Sc) Orientation: Industries, Summer 2013 Abstract Nowadays, the most important concern of most companies in the implementation of projects, development and implementation.

Number of pages: 22 Category: Librarianship

Abstract: In this study, the relationship between ownership concentration, company performance and dividend policy in companies listed in the food and pharmaceutical industries of the Tehran Stock Exchange has been examined. The statistical sample of the research includes 44 companies during the period of 1380 to 1387. The chosen approach for hypothesis testing is the ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Industrial Engineering

Department of Industries Thesis for receiving the master's degree fall 2013 Abstract The approach of a production system depends on the low downtime of equipment and process. keep

Number of pages: 114 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of accounting, accounting orientation. The independent auditor's reliance on internal audit saves money and provides more services to the employer with the same cost. Optimum use of the work of internal auditors can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the independent auditor and increase the value of the internal ...

Number of pages: 156 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

The abstract of the current research was conducted with the aim of knowing the role of the internal factors of the newsroom on the quantity and quality of television news. In this research, which was conducted through a survey method by distributing a questionnaire among a statistical sample of the employees of the Central News Unit of the Islamic Republic of Iran; The ...

Number of pages: 156 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Rural Planning Abstract Rural spaces are part of human societies and sustainable and integrated national development is aimed at sustainable development at the regional, urban and rural levels. In this regard, the second, third, and fourth economic, social, and cultural development plans have made rural development one of its ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning Abstract Today, cities are expanding and developing with rapid growth, so that the process of urban development is currently one of the most important issues facing researchers of urban issues. In addition to the rate of growth of cities, how the uses change at the macro level is also of interest. The current research is provided ...

Number of pages: 327 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for master's degree in geography and urban planning. Dissertation/dissertation abstract: The rapid expansion of Iran's megacities without predicting and establishing the necessary institutional and legal arrangements to control and guide the development and provide appropriate services in the entire region causes numerous content problems and challenges. The ...

Number of pages: 145 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) Abstract Due to the great attention paid to the dimensions of environmental sustainability and quality of life and healthy communities in recent years, the debate and examination of the qualitative dimensions of urban residential environments has become extremely hot and the quality of the urban environment has become one of the new ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis in Family Counseling Abstract: Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing resilience, marital instability and psychological well-being in two groups of mothers of normal and hearing-impaired children in Tehran using a quantitative-qualitative method. Method: In the quantitative part, using available sampling, a sample consisting of 100 ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Management

MBA Master's Thesis Strategy Orientation Abstract In global competition, customer demand for high quality and fast service has made companies unable to handle all the work alone. Based on this, activities such as material procurement, product production and planning, product storage service, inventory control, distribution, delivery and customer service have now been transferred ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for M.A. Master's Degree Field: Psychology Orientation: Clinical Abstract A common problem in substance abuse disorders is drug relapse even among treated individuals, which is more applicable to the narcotic drug glass. On the other hand, mindfulness is a cognitive structure that can be monitored and intervened in psychology. The main goal of this research is to ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Management

Master's thesis in information technology management, comprehensive quality trend, first chapter, introduction, the emergence of the global village, which has been in existence for several decades, has brought about tremendous changes in matters related to the management and organization of organizations, which unfortunately, not only did our country not contribute to its ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for master's degree in geography and urban planning Abstract One of the issues that most cities in the world are struggling with is natural disasters. Due to the unpredictability of natural disasters and the need to make quick and correct decisions and implement operations, theoretical and fundamental foundations have created a knowledge under the title of crisis ...

Number of pages: 169 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.Sc in Political Geography Abstract: The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the formation of five newly established republics in the Central Asian region; A region that has witnessed the presence of many countries due to its special geopolitical conditions. On the one hand, the special geographical conditions of the region and on the other hand, the importance ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Industrial and Organizational Relationship of Organizational Culture with Job Satisfaction and Job Burnout of Landeh City Teachers Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture with job burnout and job satisfaction among teachers in Landeh City. This study was carried out by ...

Number of pages: 172 Category: Management

Review of the strategic alignment of information technology and the organization's business strategies Abstract: The alignment of information technology strategy with business strategy is the most important issue before information technology and business managers. The general purpose of this research is to investigate the strategic alignment of information technology in the ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining the master's degree ""M.A."" Business Management Trend Abstract: Outsourcing means finding new service providers and new methods that can be entrusted with the provision of materials, goods, components and services. In fact, in delegating or outsourcing, the organization benefits from the knowledge, experience, and creativity of new service providers ...

Number of pages: 177 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

The first chapter of the general research, the first part: The general research 1-1-1 Introduction: Today, the phenomenon of tourism has gone beyond a simple phenomenon of sight and visit and has gained special dimensions and importance to the point where it is called as a big and productive industry. So that in many economically advanced countries and some developing countries ...

Number of pages: 269 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Business Management (International Marketing) Abstract: During the last decade, the intensification of competition among banks in order to gain a greater share of the market has led them to pay attention to a more detailed and deeper understanding of the needs and demands of customers. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to the ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Management

Evaluating the readiness to use an enterprise solution (ERP) based on critical success factors (case study: Iran Khodro Diesel Company) Abstract The enterprise resource planning system is a software package with a wide application that integrates all the functions of the organization in a single system. In order to successfully implement an ERP[i] project in the organization, it ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc.) Field: Geography and Urban Planning Abstract of the 20th century considering the increase in urban population, change in lifestyle, the distance between stakeholders, managers and urban planners, sustainable development has been proposed as one of the most important paradigms of urban management at different levels. One of the main ...

Number of pages: 113 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) specialization: ""International Business"" Abstract: The development of wireless technologies and tools in recent years has created a new opportunity to provide new banking services under the title of mobile banking. By using mobile banking, customers can benefit from banking services quickly and conveniently at any place and time. Today, ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis on Natural Resources - Desertification Abstract Mangrove forests are located in the southern coastal areas of Iran, and due to their numerous functions and environmental values, it is necessary to protect, restore and develop them. Deciding the way to act in a certain way is consciously to achieve the goals, so as to choose a suitable option among various ...

Number of pages: 84 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis Farsi Abstract: Today, with the expansion of DC consumers and non-linear loads connected to the network, the design and construction of power factor correction circuits using electronic power converters has gained special importance. With the advancement of technology, integrated circuits have come to help in this field. Due to the complexity and non-linear ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving the MA degree in the field of Business Administration. Abstract: Based on economic theories, the development of the financial system through the expansion and diversification of the country's financial markets leads to a more appropriate allocation of resources and ultimately faster economic growth. The main goal of this research is to investigate the ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of electrical-power engineering. Abstract: In recent years, attention to high productivity and efficiency in various industries has rapidly expanded the scope of application of power electronic equipment. These equipments have increased power quality problems in distribution networks due to their non-linear ...

Number of pages: 135 Category: Electronic Engineering

Abstract In recent years, there have been vast advances in the field of image sensors and digital imaging systems, but still theoretical and practical limitations affect the resolution of images taken with these cameras. Super resolution techniques have been developed in recent years to overcome these limitations. These techniques create a higher resolution image by using one or ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Mechatronic Engineering Introduction Recent developments in flexible manufacturing and information technology have made it possible for production systems to provide a wider range of products or services at a lower cost. In addition, the increase in competition at the global level has led to the confrontation of industries with the approach of increasing ...

Number of pages: 161 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education and Sports Science, Sports Physiology, Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the effect of aerobic exercise on some risk factors of coronary artery disease in moderate multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In this practical study, 15 women (33.68 ± 8.22 years old) with EDSS>4 were randomly divided into control (7 ...

Number of pages: 75 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation to receive a master's degree > Dissertation: Fault tolerance software is one of the prominent and important features of today's information systems. Among the various methods of improving fault tolerance, the software method is more complicated than other methods. Here, considering that our target system is business intelligence systems, which play a significant ...

Number of pages: 77 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering (M.Sc) Major: Electronics Abstract: The increase in demand for portable systems has led the electronics industry to pay special attention to power consumption as an important criterion. Adders are important elements in many digital systems. For this reason, various digital collectors have been proposed in the current era, each of which ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Thesis for Master's Degree in Physical Education and Sports Sciences Majoring in Sports Management Abstract The main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and the level of entrepreneurship in managers of private clubs in Tehran. The current research is quantitative in nature, ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in computer science (M.Sc), software orientation. Abstract Considering the future of cloud computing and the expansion of its applications and the benefits of this technology, there are always challenges for users, one of the most important and controversial of these challenges is privacy protection. Considering the storage of private ...

Number of pages: 77 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Computer Engineering-Software Abstract Continuous improvement of processes is one of the goals that all industries are looking for today. In this regard, the Integrated Maturity/Capability Model (CMMI) has been proposed at the international level for more than two decades by providing an effective framework. Configuration management (CM) is one of the ...

Number of pages: 149 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M. Sc."" Field: Agricultural Engineering Major: Water Structures Abstract The sediment transfer process is a completely complex, variable and non-linear phenomenon. So that the behavior of the river in the sediment transfer capacity for a certain discharge is different in different times. Therefore, due to the complexity of the ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Civil Engineering

To obtain a master's degree in the field of civil engineering - structural orientation. Abstract: The subject of this research is to investigate the level of performance and accuracy of methods based on non-linear static analysis and the need to retrofit steel buildings with a dual system of bending frame with cross brace and convergent 7-shaped brace designed with the 2800 Iran ...

Number of pages: 182 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation of the master's degree in the field: Electrical Engineering - Power trend. Abstract Today, despite the wide use of sensitive loads such as power electronics, computers and non-linear loads in distribution networks, the issue of power quality has received more attention. Most of these loads are sensitive to voltage changes, such as undervoltage and overvoltage, and ...

Number of pages: 220 Category: Management

Master's Thesis in Business Management, International Business, Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organization structure, business strategy and then their impact on the promotion and improvement of the performance of food industry companies in Tehran province using resource-based theory. The organizational structure includes the ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of industrial management, production orientation. Today, business organizations are facing a more complex and competitive environment than in the past. The commercial success of an organization is not only limited to the analysis of the internal situation of that organization, but also includes its supply and distribution ...

Number of pages: 80 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Mechatronics Abstract In this thesis, a phase-locked loop is designed based on micro-electromechanical systems. The loop system has a feedback phase lock that compares the input phase with the output phase. This comparison is done by a phase detector. Phase detector is a circuit whose average output voltage is linearly proportional to the ...

Number of pages: 169 Category: Management

Dissertation to receive a Master's Degree in Business Administration (M.A.) Orientation: Internal Abstract: The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the components of information technology through transfer channels on the components of human resources management. To collect information in the field of research, library studies have been used to ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's degree thesis in the field of electrical engineering, power orientation. Abstract Today, the discussion of system control and monitoring is one of the most important discussions in the power network, and we need to know the exact state of the power network in order to design control devices. By knowing the state of the network at any moment, you can be aware of changes ...

Number of pages: 207 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Computer-Software (M.Sc) Abstract The quality of service in wireless sensor networks is very different compared to traditional networks. Some of the parameters that are used in evaluating the quality of service in these networks are: network coverage, optimal number of active nodes in the network, network lifetime and energy consumption. In this thesis, three ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Thesis for Master's Degree in Physical Education and Sports Sciences Abstract The main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and the level of entrepreneurship in managers of private clubs in Tehran. The current research is quantitative in nature, applied in purpose, and descriptive-correlation in method. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for the degree of Master of Civil Engineering ""M.Sc."" In this research, an attempt is made to conduct case studies in a number of villages in the cities of Noorabad and Rostam in Fars province to determine the amount and factors affecting the error of the subscribers' meters in the rural water sector under different conditions, and finally, based on that, a ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Management

Abstract: This research deals with factors affecting information asymmetry by considering company variables and market factors and examines the relationship of information asymmetry with liquidity and liquidity risk. Next, it examines the relationship between liquidity risk and excess stock returns. For this purpose, the information of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of chemical engineering, abstract of simulation and optimization of biological reactor producing butanol, semi-continuous fermentation is an efficient and beneficial method to produce valuable metabolic products such as biofuels. Mathematical modeling of semi-continuous bioreactors is a very difficult and complex issue due to the transitory and ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Health - Health

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in nursing education (health orientation) Abstract: Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important factors that threaten the health of people, especially young people. In order to have a correct understanding of the unhealthy behaviors of people in society (such as smoking), it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education and Sports Science, Sports Physiology, Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the effect of aerobic exercise on some risk factors of coronary artery disease in moderate multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In this practical study, 15 women (33.68 ± 8.22 years old) with EDSS>4 were randomly divided into control (7 ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.S) in Power Electricity, Abstract With the ever-increasing expansion of energy consumption in the world, the development of power networks is essential. But the creation of new transmission lines requires time and high costs, so if it is possible to use the same lines with a higher transmission capacity, it is very cost-effective. Today, the ...

Number of pages: 164 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in nursing education, community health, investigating the impact of the emotional intelligence skills training program on the academic stress of teenage girls. Introduction and purpose: family and academic issues are the main causes of teenage stress So that one third of students experience more than average stress. Stress in ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Health - Health

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Special Care Nursing Abstract Background and Purpose: Visiting in special care units has been limited for a long time. The limitation of visiting and of course the separation of the patient and family on the one hand and facing an unfamiliar environment, fear of the unknown, on the other hand doubles the tension and is a crisis for the patient ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Management

Master's Thesis in the field of industrial management - production trend Abstract Among the topics that have long been faced by the decision makers and policy makers of the electricity industry in many countries of the world, the thinking of restructuring this industry is in accordance with the process of increasing efficiency and competition in other industries. Iran's ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis in Mechatronic Engineering Introduction Recent developments in flexible manufacturing and information technology have made it possible for production systems to provide a wider range of products or services at a lower cost. In addition, the increase in competition at the global level has led to the confrontation of industries with the approach of increasing ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electronic Engineering

Presented to graduate education management as a part of the educational activities required to obtain a master's degree, the dimensions of MEMS components according to Figure (1-2) include a wide range, from dimensions smaller than one micrometer that are not visible to the eye to dimensions of one millimeter, also types of these systems can be in a simple state, a tool without ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.S) in Power Electricity, Abstract With the ever-increasing expansion of energy consumption in the world, the development of power networks is essential. But the creation of new transmission lines requires time and high costs, so if it is possible to use the same lines with a higher transmission capacity, it is very cost-effective. Today, the ...

Number of pages: 94 Category: Telecommunication Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of electricity-telecommunication system Abstract In this thesis, we examine commonly used methods to reveal information in signals that are the result of signals sent by different users in a multi-user telecommunication system. According to the nature of this problem, it can be divided into two main parts: revealing the sent information of all users ...

Number of pages: 182 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation of the master's degree in the field: Electrical Engineering - Power trend. Abstract Today, despite the wide use of sensitive loads such as power electronics, computers and non-linear loads in distribution networks, the issue of power quality has received more attention. Most of these loads are sensitive to voltage changes, such as undervoltage and overvoltage, and ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of electrical-power engineering. Abstract: In recent years, attention to high productivity and efficiency in various industries has rapidly expanded the scope of application of power electronic equipment. These equipments have increased power quality problems in distribution networks due to their non-linear ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Electrical Engineering

Thesis for master's degree in the field of electrical engineering (power) Farsi abstract: Today, with the expansion of DC consumers and non-linear loads connected to the network, the design and construction of power factor correction circuits using electronic power converters has gained special importance. With the advancement of technology, integrated circuits have come to help ...

Number of pages: 207 Category: Electrical Engineering

Doctoral thesis of electrical engineering - Power Abstract Islanding of interconnected power systems, which is also known for isolating and breaking power systems, is the last line of defense to deal with the collapse of the system and prevent catastrophic incidents in the power network. The islanding of interconnected power systems is presented as an extensive control method as ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis for Master's Degree Abstract In recent years, there have been vast advances in the field of image sensors and digital imaging systems, but still theoretical and practical limitations affect the resolution of images taken with these cameras. Super resolution techniques have been developed in recent years to overcome these limitations. These techniques create a ...

Number of pages: 66 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Agricultural Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different treatments on the dormancy of wild oat seeds in the form of a completely randomized design (CRD) in two phases, laboratory and greenhouse, in 2011. The tested treatments included potassium nitrate with percentages of 0.6, 0.4, and ...