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Number of pages: 101 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for obtaining a medical doctorate abstract of the most common ischemic heart disease; It is the most dangerous and one of the most chronic diseases in the world. Sometimes the diagnosis of I.H.D. is difficult because the clinical signs are not always typical. For this reason, the exercise test is one of the most important medical methods to help diagnose I.H.D. In ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation to receive a doctorate degree in general dentistry Abstract Background and purpose Salivary gland tumors have a relatively low prevalence and constitute about 3% to 10% of head and neck neoplasms. Considering the lack of epidemiological research about these tumors in Mashhad Dental School; The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Psychiatry

The first chapter of the project title: The effect of infant massage on the amount of father-infant attachment - a randomized controlled clinical trial Statement of the problem Research on fetuses and newborn animals has shown that unusual sensory experiences (both overstimulation or overprivilege) can affect brain development. Touch sensitivity starts from the 7th fetal week ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Pediatric Nursing Abstract Introduction: Thalassemia patients are frequent blood consumers, blood transfusion without complications depends on the knowledge, optimal and timely implementation of nursing skills that can lead to increased survival and life of thalassemia patients, how to apply and comply with safe transfusion nursing standards ...

Number of pages: 97 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for receiving a general doctorate degree Abstract Introduction and purpose: Metallobetalactamases (MBL) are enzymes that are produced by non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and make these strains resistant to carbapenems. As a result, Pseudomonas carrying metallobetalactamase genes are considered a serious clinical threat. Considering ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Paramedical

Master's thesis in special care nursing Abstract: Introduction: The patient who is admitted to the special care department is exposed to sensory deprivation for various reasons. The results of studies indicate the positive effect of sensory stimulation in preventing sensory deprivation, but the role of the family compared to nurses in performing sensory stimulation has not yet ...

Number of pages: 180 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for master's degree major: Accounting Abstract: In this research, the relationship between the total stock index and initial stock pricing in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated for 103 companies whose shares were offered to the public during the period 1382-1388. EXCEL software was used for data analysis and SPSS software was used for hypothesis ...

Number of pages: 169 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering with structural orientation in February. 2013 Abstract: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of improvement and resistance

Number of pages: 101 Category: Psychology

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of personality traits on suicide attempts. For this purpose, 54 people with a history of suicide attempts were randomly selected as a sample in the emergency room of hospitals in Bandar Abbas city. In addition, the same number of normal people (with no history of suicide) were selected by the researcher taking ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Social Welfare Field Abstract: A healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the prevalence and impact of health problems and improving health, adapting to stressful life factors and improving the quality of life. Lifestyle helps us to understand what people do, the reason they do it, and the meaning of their actions for themselves and others. ...

Number of pages: 312 Category: Psychology

Dissertation: clinical for obtaining the degree of Master of Psychology (MA) The abstract of the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of therapy schemas on reducing marital conflicts and increasing the mental health of married students. In this study, a quasi-experimental method (pre-test, post-test with a control group) was used.

Number of pages: 103 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Counseling Abstract The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of teaching positivity on students' sense of belonging to school and relationships with others. The statistical population in this research included all male high school students in the 18th district of Tehran. In this research, a multi-stage cluster sampling ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Clinical Psychology (M.Sc) Abstract Reading is the most basic learning tool for students. Dyslexia accounts for the largest percentage of learning disabled students, which is defined by the lack of success in language skills such as reading, writing and spelling. Memory, especially active memory, is one of the important factors in learning that these students ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for M.A. Master's Degree Field: Psychology Orientation: Clinical Abstract A common problem in substance abuse disorders is drug relapse even among treated individuals, which is more applicable to the narcotic drug glass. On the other hand, mindfulness is a cognitive structure that can be monitored and intervened in psychology. The main goal of this research is to ...

Number of pages: 141 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A.) Clinical Orientation Abstract: Problem Statement: Identifying personality factors and drug addiction helps to diagnose and treat addiction as best as possible, and by providing counseling and psychological services on time, the addiction of susceptible people can be prevented to some extent. Therefore, the purpose of this ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for M.A. Degree: Clinical Psychology Abstract Objective: The present study compares active schemas in depressed subjects with anxious subjects in non-profit Azad University students of Rasht city. The research method is correlational and post-event, comparative and cross-sectional. The statistical population of this research was all the people who studied in the ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree in Geography and Urban Planning (M.A.) Abstract: The physical and spatial form of Kiashahr is related to specific and distinct periods. The initial core of the city was formed in the eastern part of the city and below the center of the current city, after that two other parts (Bala Mahaleh and Middle Mahaleh) which are located in the two parts ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Persian Language and Literature Abstract Nostalgia is a term that entered the literature from psychology and it is defined as longing for the past. Mehdi Akhwan Al-Talihi, Mohammad Hossein Shahryar and Forough Farrokhzad are poets whose poems are full of nostalgic concepts, but at the same time there are differences between them and each of ...

Number of pages: 213 Category: Literature - Persian Language

The thesis of the master's degree in dramatic literature was Nikolai Gogol, a Russian novelist and dramatist, who dealt with social realities with an emotional and humorous look in his works. In the first chapter, the generalities of the research are presented. In the second chapter, Luk?cs's point of view in this field is also explained. In the third chapter, Gogol's approach ...

Number of pages: 162 Category: Management

Dissertation to receive a master's thesis on the impact of organizational resource planning system on supply chain performance in Iran Khodro Company 1-1) Introduction In today's era, the global competition, customer demand for high quality, increased variety of products and fast service, has increased pressures on organizations that did not exist before. As a result, ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Master's Thesis in Dramatic Literature Abstract of this research examines the narrative in the dramatic works of Mirza Fethali Akhundzadeh based on the theories of Jonathan Kaler. First, in order to explain Keller's ideas, we will discuss the formation process of structuralism in order to examine the reasons for the existence and why of this very important movement. At the ...

Number of pages: 185 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of geography and tourism planning. Abstract: The crystallization of tourism as a need, its transformation into the largest service industry in the world, and the specialization of tourism have provided the opportunity for any destination to hope to benefit from the benefits of tourism. But of course, this will not be possible ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Business Administration (M.A) Major: Marketing Abstract Following new ideas and researches in management, social intelligence has gained great importance in the country. In recent years, several researches have been conducted in this regard, which shows the interest of organizations in this matter. Service quality is one of the classic topics ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education, Physiology, Abstract Central stability is the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk on the pelvis, which allows the control and transfer of force and movement to the extremities during sports activities, which muscle contraction can increase this stability. Improving central stability can be effective in ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Civil Engineering

In order to obtain a master's degree in the field of civil engineering - soil and foundation orientation, Abstract Nowadays, circular foundations are more or less used for structures, especially structures that have axial symmetry. In this research, a numerical study was conducted on bearing capacity and settlement of annular foundation. PLAXIS software was used for modeling. ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil-Structural Engineering Today, domes and arches have found wide applications in architectural and industrial structures due to their suitable coverage of large openings. The use of today's technologies in styling and optimizing energy consumption in these types of structures is one of the important challenges facing engineers. Therefore, the need to ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Physical Education - Sports

. Introduction In all recorded historical texts, the ability to generate power has fascinated man. Although modern technology has reduced the need for maximal strength levels for normal daily activities, from a scientific and clinical point of view muscle strength is of particular importance for health [1], optimal sports performance [2] and increased quality of life [3]. The ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of electricity-power orientation Abstract Gearboxes are essential and inseparable components of power transmission systems. These machines convert torque into speed and sometimes speed into torque. The use of mechanical gearboxes in these systems has been common since long ago as an interface between the power generation sector and the power ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Major: Exercise Physiology Abstract Considering the lack of research on the effect of various types of resistance training on urinary protein excretion, the purpose of this study was to compare the acute and chronic effects of two types of continuous and intermittent resistance training on resting proteinuria and in response to exercise in ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Physical Education, Physiology, Abstract Central stability is the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk on the pelvis, which allows the control and transfer of force and movement to the extremities during sports activities, which muscle contraction can increase this stability. Improving central stability can be effective in ...

Number of pages: 73 Category: Veterinary Medicine

Dissertation for the degree of Professional Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M) Abstract: The structure of the eye can be examined well with ultrasound due to the presence of large amounts of liquid in the anterior chamber and vitreous, and in many cases it is very difficult to directly examine the eye with an ophthalmoscope, especially when the anterior structures such as the ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Medical Sciences

(dissertation) to receive a master's degree in nursing education (internal-surgical orientation) Abstract: Background and purpose: Electrophysiological interventions are among the new methods in the diagnosis and treatment of dysrhythmias, and like any other invasive intervention, they have side effects such as anxiety. Considering the effects of anxiety on hemodynamic ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Nursing (Special Care Orientation) Abstract Introduction: Malnutrition is a nutritional disorder caused by a decrease or imbalance in energy, protein, vitamin and mineral intake. Among the patients who have a high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition among them are those suffering from the final stages of kidney disease. Despite many ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for obtaining a specialized doctorate in oral and maxillofacial radiology Abstract: Introduction and purpose: The purpose of radiological evaluation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is to depict suspected clinical disorders. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the position and morphology of the condyle in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Dentistry Abstract: Introduction: Oral and dental problems are one of the potentially life-threatening problems in patients undergoing chemotherapy with blood dyscrasias. This study was designed to investigate a new solution to improve health in these people. Implementation method: In this single-blind clinical trial, we randomly selected ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Nursing Education (Pediatrics) Abstract Introduction: Problem solving is a basic skill for living in today's age. Problem-solving skills and knowledge-based decision-making are among the expected behaviors of nursing students, and learning these skills should start from the student period. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation: To obtain a master's degree in neonatal special care nursing Abstract Introduction: Premature babies are subjected to many painful interventions during care and treatment, and nurses should use non-pharmacological methods without risk to prevent short and long-term complications caused by pain, so this study was conducted to determine the effect of swaddling on the ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Medical Sciences

Research Title: Nurses' view of personal and organizational barriers to hand hygiene in Tabriz neonatal wards, 2012 Research context: Infections caused by health care and treatment are one of the most common causes of death and disability in patients admitted to hospitals in developing and advanced countries. The survey conducted by the World Health Organization in 55 hospitals ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Nursing Abstract Introduction: Today, with the development of medical science and related technology, cancer in children and adolescents has gradually turned from an acute and fatal disease into a chronic disease and the survival rate has increased. The aim of the treatments used today for children with cancer is not only to increase the ...

Number of pages: 66 Category: Research Methodology

Abstract: Introduction and purpose: One of the most important adult stem cells that has attracted the attention of most researchers is mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow have the ability to transform into different types of cells, including fat cells, bone and cartilage, in addition, these cells can be differentiated into neuronal cells. Most ...

Number of pages: 100 Category: Medical Sciences

In order to receive a general doctorate in the field of dentistry Abstract Introduction: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of cedar honey in the treatment of atrophic lichen planus and oral erosion. Materials and methods: The current research is a clinical trial study that continued from September 2018 to September 2019. 30 patients (2 men and 28 ...

Number of pages: 150 Category: Medical Sciences

Master of Medical Biotechnology Abstract Background and Objective: Retinoblastoma is one of the most common intraocular tumors in children. Although there is progress in the treatment of retinoblastoma, the failure in treatment and mortality in developed countries is remarkable. The most important reason for this failure is drug resistance and its side effects. The aim of this ...

Number of pages: 62 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for receiving the degree of Doctor of Dentistry Abstract The long-term clinical success of implants is dependent on osseointegration and adhesion of soft tissues and epithelium to implant surfaces. Various indices including: plaque index, gingival index, bleeding during probing and bone resorption are used to evaluate the health of the soft tissues around the ...

Number of pages: 94 Category: Medical Sciences

((Master's Thesis)) Abstract Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important human stomach pathogens. BabA2 Hpa HsP genes are essential in binding to gastric epithelial cells and bacterial pathogenicity. The frequency of these genes is different in different geographical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of BabA2, Hsp Hpa genes in ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Intensive Care Nursing Introduction: Insertion of venous catheter is the most common invasive procedure performed for hospitalized patients. In many cases, this simple procedure can save the patient's life. On the other hand, this action becomes a difficult and time-consuming technique in some groups and patients. Various auxiliary measures ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation to receive a master's degree (((M.sc) specialization: medical nanotechnology) Abstract In the present research, the cation exchange property of clinoptilolite is used due to its negative charge in its structure. The connection of this research topic with medical nanotechnology is due to the nanopores and porosity of clinoptilolite and the high absorption level of ...

Number of pages: 68 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's thesis in the field of genetics. Hypotheses: Considering that miR-21 is produced by gastric cancer tumor tissue more than healthy tissue, it is expected that its serum level is significantly higher in patients compared to control subjects, and this increase is related to the staging of gastric adenocarcinoma tumors in patients. Is miR-21 serum level a reliable marker ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of medical engineering. Abstract: Improvement of common spatial pattern filtering method to improve the efficiency of computer-brain interface systems. Therefore, this capability can help many sensory-motor patients and solve their problems in relation to their surroundings to a very high extent.

Number of pages: 83 Category: Veterinary Medicine

Dissertation for receiving the professional doctorate degree in veterinary medicine D.V.M. Abstract: Objective: Newcastle disease is one of the important economic diseases of the poultry industry in Iran, which is common in most poultry flocks and causes a lot of economic losses. Usually, serological methods are used to diagnose this disease, especially HI and ELISA methods.. ...

Number of pages: 61 Category: Food and Packaging Industries

Food Science Engineering Thesis for receiving the master's degree ""M. Sc"" Abstract Nitrate, nitrite and ascorbic acid are present in a wide range of foods. Vegetables are an important source of nitrate, nitrite and ascorbic acid absorption in the diet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of frying and boiling process on the amount of nitrate, nitrite and ...

Number of pages: 99 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Nursing Introduction: Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is known as an independent risk factor for mortality among patients in intensive care units, and the prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is reported to be up to 58%. The effect of changing body position (elevating the head of the bed) on the accuracy of IAP measurement ...

Number of pages: 61 Category: Medical Sciences

Dissertation: Dissertation for receiving a specialized doctorate degree in internal medicine Persian abstract Title: Comparison of the effectiveness of two-week and three-week treatment with prednisolone in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients of Khansari Hospital Introduction: ITP is an acquired disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of platelets or ...

Number of pages: 60 Category: Animal Husbandry - Poultry Farming

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) in the field of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition, Abstract: This study was conducted in order to compare the effect of rice bran enriched with fish waste on the microbial population of the digestive tract and the humoral immune response of 200 one-day-old broilers of Ras 308 strain in the form of a completely randomized design with 5 ...

Number of pages: 140 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's Thesis in Mechanical Engineering (Applied Design): Abstract of the analysis of leading damage in pin connections of composite materials. The purpose of this research is to analyze the leading damage in pin connections of composite materials. To do this, finite element software ABAQUS and FORTRAN programming have been used. The contact between the composite plate with ...

Number of pages: 59 Category: Animal Husbandry - Poultry Farming

Abstract: Spondylitis is one of the diseases affecting the spine, which damages the poultry industry worldwide and causes lameness in the bird. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the common microbial factors in spondylitis disease of broiler chickens, which was done through the cultivation of necessary samples in a number of special culture environments. For this ...

Number of pages: 276 Category: Law and Jurisprudence

The thesis of the master's degree in the field of jurisprudence, the abstract of a woman is placed under many titles such as wife, daughter, sister, etc. Islamic religions have expressed two major systems for dividing inheritance, which creates significant differences in the titles of heirs, including women. The most discussed topic in Islamic religions is wife's inheritance. ...

Number of pages: 191 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Clinical Psychology Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of individual metacognitive treatments in increasing self-esteem and reducing aggression among juvenile delinquents. For this purpose, 40 delinquent juveniles from correctional and educational centers in Tehran were divided into two random groups ...

Number of pages: 134 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for M.A. degree in Accounting Abstract One of the times when management's motivations are triggered for profit management is the initial public offering. Any public offering of securities that is offered to the public and investors for the first time is called an initial public offering (IPO). One of the ways to reduce profit management is to improve audit quality. ...

Number of pages: 84 Category: Medical Sciences

Master's course in intensive care nursing Abstract Introduction: In the intensive care unit, ventilator-associated pneumonia ranks first among hospital infections. Since the role of nurses in preventing this complication is very important, the present study was conducted in order to compare the effect of two methods of face-to-face training and clinical guidelines for the ...

Number of pages: 132 Category: Paramedical

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in nursing education (internal orientation) - Abstract Introduction: The clinical environment contains conditions and stimuli that affect learning, but motivation is the first and most important element of learning behavior. One of the important theories in this field is self-determination theory, which is a theory of general motivation. ...

Number of pages: 145 Category: Philosophy - Ethics

Abstract The issue of caution is one of the principles that the jurists of different religions use in two ways, firstly where there is no text, and secondly where there is a text, and that is because of the conflict or brevity of the text, and from the point where the principle of caution and its scope have had ups and downs among scholars throughout history, therefore, some ...

Number of pages: 191 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation to receive a master's degree major: Accounting Abstract: The growth and development of any country requires the use of resources in the optimal form and directing it in the right direction. In every society, various institutions can take steps towards the realization of this goal and play an effective role in this way. Capital markets and their related institutions ...

Number of pages: 111 Category: Management

Dissertation for Obtaining an M.A. degree in the field of educational management in the academic year 1393-1394. Abstract: Recently, a new concept has been proposed in the theoretical foundations of management, which is called organizational maturity.

Number of pages: 85 Category: Management

Field: executive management, abstract, introduction and purpose of research: Outsourcing means finding new service providers and new methods to provide materials, goods, components and services to them with confidence.

Number of pages: 229 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management, Marketing and Export Orientation, December 2013 Abstract: Marketing and its effect on commercial performance, including important topics in market and customer management.

Number of pages: 175 Category: Civil Engineering

Doctoral Dissertation in Civil Engineering - Summer 2013 Earthquake Abstract One of the appropriate tools to know the condition of the network­ As one of the vital artery systems, water distribution is an indicator of reliability. one hand

Number of pages: 129 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering of hydraulic structures, October 2013 This study is to quantitatively evaluate the effects of watershed operations and with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of projects

Number of pages: 133 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of structural oriented civil engineering, 2013, although the construction and design methods of structures have expanded over the years, but still the effect of earthquakes is one of the most important.

Number of pages: 120 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering - Earthquake Engineering 1391 Abstract Structures with frames with coaxial braces are among earthquake resistant systems. These structures are widely

Number of pages: 123 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation, March 2013, abstract of the scope of using FRP materials for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in

Number of pages: 164 Category: Management

end­ Letter for receiving a master's degree (M.A.) in the field of business management, financial orientation, fall 2013. Abstract of this research is a group of items from the exploration of the basics of research evaluation regarding motivation.

Number of pages: 172 Category: Management

Thesis of master's degree in business management, marketing orientation, summer 1991. Abstract: This research with the subject of "" Investigating the effect of social marketing factors on the value of the bank's brand name from the customers' point of view (Study

Number of pages: 161 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A.) orientation: ""Marketing"" Spring 2018 Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of consumer perception of social responsibility on the attractiveness of shopping centers.

Number of pages: 123 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis in Philosophy of Education and Training May 2014 Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the importance and position of Challenging and neglected Spiritual education And then

Number of pages: 135 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of civil engineering, oriented towards soil and foundation mechanics, Shahrivar   2013 Abstract Dams are always considered as infrastructure structures

Number of pages: 70 Category: Educational Sciences

The first chapter of the research plan - 1 - Introduction The importance of spirituality and spiritual growth in humans has attracted the attention of psychologists and mental health professionals more and more in the past few decades. The progress of psychological science on the one hand

Number of pages: 124 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in structural engineering, February 2011 Abstract: In the optimal civil engineering ­structure construction‌ for static loadings have been significantly developed. But, in

Number of pages: 170 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Civil Engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract: Concrete beam and slab bridges with neoprene supports are among the most common highway bridges in the country.

Number of pages: 235 Category: Civil Engineering

Doctoral dissertation in civil engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract The inappropriate performance of columns in concrete buildings designed and built in the past years causes concern and attention to the amount of A

Number of pages: 108 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in civil-structural field winter 2012 Abstract In recent years, the number of buildings that have suffered damage due to the loss of their gravity-bearing members has increased. Therefore, it has become important to design structures so that they are resistant to progressive damage in addition to the effects of earthquakes. One of the factors ...