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Download more than 100 examples of thesis, proposal and project topics about fuzzy networks in editable WORD file format at undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels for use and reference in research, articles, theses, student and academic projects.

Number of pages: 159 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting Abstract: The strength and credibility of financial and credit institutions is the money that depositors have deposited in them, and the progress and survival of each of the mentioned institutions depends on the share of the total market resources, and increasing the share of the market resources requires continuous effort and a strong, ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Computer Engineering

Non-continuous master's degree in computer engineering Abstract Today, the popularity of social networking sites among people is undeniable, sites that provide users with many possibilities for communication between people. One of the basic problems in analyzing these types of networks is predicting new connections between people in the network. Fuzzy method, as one of the ...

Number of pages: 175 Category: Civil Engineering

Doctoral Dissertation in Civil Engineering - Summer 2013 Earthquake Abstract One of the appropriate tools to know the condition of the network­ As one of the vital artery systems, water distribution is an indicator of reliability. one hand

Number of pages: 143 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field of information technology management, e-business orientation Abstract: In today's era, one of the most important human inventions that have brought about tremendous changes in the life of humanity is the emergence of the computer, followed by the Internet, which has created a virtual world and an incentive for universities to invest in the field of ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Computer Engineering Major: Software Abstract: Cloud processing and cloud environment and cloud databases are the place to store information on the web and the best solution should be used to increase their security. Our problem here is the classification of confidential and top-secret data and then their encryption for storage in the cloud. For this, speed ...

Number of pages: 99 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Computer Engineering (Artificial Intelligence) Abstract Extracting common and understandable classifications[1] from data is an important role in many fields and issues. So far, several methods for classification [2] and pattern recognition [3] have been introduced. One of the successful and unique methods in the field of classification and pattern recognition ...

Number of pages: 71 Category: Computer Engineering

Abstract The growth and development of computer networks is not a secret to anyone. For years, the collection and processing of information is done by computers. In addition, the computer plays an important role in distributing information and communicating through computer networks. We need a backbone to communicate between networks. This infrastructure network, which consists ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Master's Thesis of Information Technology Engineering, Information Systems Management, Abstract In today's world, due to the change in lifestyle, people are looking for a way to improve and improve their economic situation, one of the most important ways to improve their financial situation is to increase their income. One of the easiest ways is investment, which has different ...

Number of pages: 136 Category: Management

Master's thesis in the field of business management, financial orientation. Abstract In this research, as an example, forecasting the timing of stock transactions of 17 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange was carried out. In this way, firstly, the primary data, which includes 3 variables of the final price, the lowest price and the highest stock price during the period ...

Number of pages: 139 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's thesis abstract shows the necessity of having a healthy environment and raising the health level of the society, the need to have proper planning to reduce the sources of air pollutants production and predicting these pollutants to prevent its harmful effects is inevitable. Prediction of pollutants can be useful in air pollution management and control. In this research, ...

Number of pages: 210 Category: Electronic Engineering

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computers Electrical Engineering Doctoral Dissertation Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to improve the performance of optimal rate allocation algorithms based on the utility function in data networks. The optimal rate allocation algorithm based on the utility function was first proposed by Dr. Golestani. Then Kelly showed that the ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Abstract In today's world, where the use of the Internet and the use of social networks has expanded greatly and has affected various aspects of human life, as well as the imperceptible change in the behavior of users in dealing with social networks, the analysis of user behavior has become very important for organizations. Many factors that influence user behavior do not have ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering - hydraulic structures Abstract: Rivers are one of the most important and common sources of drinking, agricultural and industrial water supply. These resources have many qualitative fluctuations due to passing through different platforms and direct connection with the surrounding environment. Therefore, predicting the quality of ...

Number of pages: 205 Category: Electrical Engineering

Electrical Engineering Doctoral Dissertation Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to improve the performance of optimal rate allocation algorithms based on the utility function in data networks. The optimal rate allocation algorithm based on the utility function was first proposed by Dr. Golestani. Then Kelly showed that the problem of optimal rate allocation can be converted ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc. The tendency of the abstract power transmission networks of modern power systems is increasingly changing due to the increase in demand and limitations in the construction of new lines. One of the consequences of such a stressed system is the risk of losing stability after a disturbance. Flexible alternating current transmission systems (facts) are very ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Electrical Engineering

Abstract Changing the parameters in an industrial process causes the process to go out of its optimal working point. This change, in turn, will reduce the efficiency of closed-loop controllers that are designed for the optimal operating point of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to first detect and identify these changes as a defect and then correct the system behavior by ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Economics

The thesis of the master's degree course in the field of economic sciences, February 2013, is an abstract of the prediction of effective tools and solutions for the purpose of planning and compiling financial methods. Prediction accuracy is important

Number of pages: 206 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Chapter 1: General 1-Introduction: Social capital is considered one of the emerging and controversial fields in the interdisciplinary studies of sociology and economics. Economic stability, enjoying health and wellness and having friendly relations with others are part of the essential elements needed to improve the quality of life. After World War II, most development theories ...

Number of pages: 208 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Social capital is considered one of the emerging and controversial fields in the interdisciplinary studies of sociology and economics. Economic stability, enjoying health and wellness and having friendly relations with others are part of the essential elements needed to improve the quality of life. After the Second World War, most development theories and theories that tried to ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering, Power Systems, Abstract: In this thesis project, a new analytical approach is proposed for planning electric energy production and determining the amount and storage location of rotating storage corresponding to the risk level of subscriber load points through profit/cost analysis in the optimization program of shared ...

Number of pages: 89 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Computer Engineering - Artificial Intelligence Abstract Image segmentation is a basic process in many applications of image processing and machine vision, which can be considered as the first low-level processing step in digital image processing. Image segmentation has various applications such as medical image processing, face recognition, ...

Number of pages: 89 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in electrical engineering, power trend. Abstract: Flexible power transmission systems, which are known as FACTS[1] compensators, are modern tools that have been used in power systems to strengthen the controllability and develop the transmission capacity of power networks based on power electronic converters during the last decade. In ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electrical Engineering

Obtaining a master's degree in the field of electrical engineering, electronics, abstract, mechanization of tools is one of the most important and extensive fields used in production processes. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of machining processes, recently soft computing techniques [1] based on physical models have been preferred to predict the performance of machining ...

Number of pages: 112 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Computer Engineering-Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Abstract: Every year, many traffic accidents occur all over the world due to driver drowsiness and inattention, which cause a lot of loss of life and money. One of the ways to detect fatigue and lack of concentration is to use driver face monitoring systems. By receiving images from the ...

Number of pages: 88 Category: Management

Field of study: executive management, orientation: marketing, introduction, with the expansion of information technology, all aspects of human life have undergone a fundamental transformation, so that the current world has undergone a complete transformation, perhaps it can be said that the current industrial world has no choice but to choose this transformation, and stagnation ...

Number of pages: 203 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis of Precision Instrument Engineering and Industrial Automation in Oil Industries Abstract Non-linear dynamic systems face many challenges that must be investigated. Among these problems, we can point out things like extreme nonlinearity, changing operating conditions, dynamic uncertainty, both structured and unstructured, and external disturbances. Despite the ...

Number of pages: 100 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis Abstract: Short-term load forecasting, in the form of one-hour to several days load forecasting, has a significant impact on the operation of power systems. Because many energy management measures, such as setting up a cost-effective plan to use existing power plants, planning the purchase of fuel needed by power plants, entering and exiting units, developing ...

Number of pages: 186 Category: Electronic Engineering

Abstract This thesis deals with uncertainty estimation in robust control of robotic arms and presents new methods based on voltage control strategy for uncertainty estimation. The voltage control method is much simpler compared to the conventional torque control method, because it does not require a complex non-linear model of the robot. As a result, the volume of controller ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of electrical-power engineering Abstract: The ground system refers to a set of conductors with different structures that are placed in the ground to protect equipment, human safety against electrocution, prevent unwanted overvoltages and damage to HV equipment. The importance of earth resistance is because it plays an important role in protecting the ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.Sc."" Electrical engineering field - control trend. Abstract: One of the effective methods that has attracted the attention of electricity authorities in recent decades is the use of existing lines to build new lines with higher voltage. It is natural that with the increase in voltage, the width of the boundary on both sides of ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering, Power Systems, Abstract: In this thesis project, a new analytical approach is proposed for planning electric energy production and determining the amount and location of storage of rotating storage corresponding to the risk level of subscriber load points through profit/cost analysis in the optimization program for the ...

Number of pages: 89 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in electrical engineering, power orientation. Abstract: Flexible power transmission systems, which are known as FACTS[1] compensating devices, are modern tools that have been used in power systems to strengthen the controllability and develop the transmission capacity of power networks based on power electronic converters during the last ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Electronic Engineering

Seminar for obtaining a master's degree in the field of electrical engineering, electronics, abstract mechanization of tools is one of the most important and extensive fields used in production processes. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of machining processes, recently soft computing techniques [1] based on physical models have been preferred to predict the performance of ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Electronic Engineering

A master's thesis in the field of electrical engineering - Power 1-1- Introduction In traditional systems, reasons such as the dependence of different parts of the electricity industry including production, transmission and distribution on each other, the need for large investments in different parts of this industry and society's expectation from governments to provide ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for M.Sc. Natural Resources Engineering, Watershed Management Abstract Currently, flood spreading on aquifers is considered one of the suitable methods for controlling and optimal use of floods and artificial feeding of groundwater in arid and semi-arid areas. Chenaran watershed in the northwest of Mashhad with an area of ??299,624 hectares is located at 36.36 19.59 ...

Number of pages: 198 Category: Industrial Engineering

Master's Thesis of Precision Instrument Engineering and Industrial Automation in Oil Industries Abstract Non-linear dynamic systems face many challenges that must be investigated. Among these problems, we can point out things like extreme nonlinearity, changing operating conditions, dynamic uncertainty, both structured and unstructured, and external disturbances. Despite the ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Electrical Engineering

A master's thesis in the field of electrical-power engineering. Time series load distribution. In this research, the application of time series models in the power system is discussed. Time series are used to model different power grid parameters and in various applications. These models are able to consider the time correlation of power grid variables. According to the modeling ...

Number of pages: 190 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Doctoral Degree Abstract This thesis deals with uncertainty estimation in robust control of robotic arms and presents new methods based on voltage control strategy to estimate uncertainty. The voltage control method is much simpler compared to the conventional torque control method, because it does not require a complex non-linear model of the robot. As a ...

Number of pages: 99 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis Abstract: Short-term load forecasting, in the form of one-hour to several days load forecasting, has a significant impact on the operation of power systems. Because many energy management measures, such as setting up a cost-effective plan to use existing power plants, planning the purchase of fuel needed by power plants, entering and exiting units, developing ...

Number of pages: 148 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree (M.A.) public management, human resources orientation, summer 2019, abstract knowledge in today's advanced world of organizations, is rapidly becoming a competitive advantage.

Number of pages: 100 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for receiving the degree of M.Sc. Trend: soil and soil in February 2013 Abstract: Allowed load capacity or safe load capacity is a virtual pressure that is within the range of

Number of pages: 115 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Industrial Management (Production Orientation) Summer 1990 Abstract With the current progress of industries, the return and reuse of used products is one of the activities of May.

Number of pages: 139 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Master's Thesis of Information Technology Management (M.Sc) academic year 1389-1390 Abstract In order to study and predict the distribution pattern of economically important benthic fish, catch data of 10 species

Number of pages: 107 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering – Summer Industries 2013 Abstract A supply chain is a collection of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors.

Number of pages: 146 Category: Management

Thesis of master's degree, field of industrial management, research trend in operations, Shahrivar 2019. Abstract How and what to choose has long been the subject of discussion among philosophers and scientists, therefore, obtaining satisfactory results requires

Number of pages: 193 Category: Management

Master's Thesis in Management (Industrial Orientation) Summer 2019 Abstract Data envelopment analysis models have long been used by experts to measure, compare and improve efficiency. with door

Number of pages: 127 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in GIS and Remote Sensing in Urban and Rural Studies Abstract: Choosing a suitable place for activity at the neighborhood and regional level is one of the basic decisions to carry out a research project that requires research in a studied place from different perspectives. At the scale of localities and regions, locating is an activity that ...

Number of pages: 141 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, Major: Accounting Abstract: In this article, we seek to predict and provide a solution to find the added economic value of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange market. The basis of the predictions made in this research is the information of the audited financial statements. The data used are the data between 1382 and 1387. ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Insurance

Master's Thesis of Faculty of Technical Engineering, Department of Industrial Management (Production) Abstract Now that in the global economy, customers determine the company's survival, companies can no longer ignore the expectations and demands of customers. They should focus all their activities and capabilities on customer satisfaction. The level of customer satisfaction ...

Number of pages: 130 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Advertising and Cultural Communication Abstract The present research has studied the relationship between the use of social networks and the religious identity of users with the aim of knowing the relationship between the individual characteristics of users and political and social factors with their religious identity and in order to answer the basic question ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation in Master's Degree in Advertising and Cultural Communication Abstract With the introduction and expansion of mobile social networks, the field of communication of more people in different parts of the world has been created, since accurate information about the use of these networks by users is not known. This research was conducted with the aim of the effect of the ...

Number of pages: 228 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) abstract of the present study has studied the relationship between the use of social networks and the religious orientation of social network users using a survey method. This research was conducted in the Faculty of Fine Arts of Tehran University and among the students of different fields and courses of this faculty. Analysis of the ...

Number of pages: 68 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the computer field, software orientation. Abstract The increasing use of wireless sensor networks in human life shows the great importance of this technology. Energy limitation in the constituent elements of wireless sensor networks, which are sensor nodes, has always been considered as the most important challenge facing this ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System - Water and Soil Resources Abstract The increase in population and the excessive development of cities, especially in their outskirts, regardless of environmental and human characteristics, has caused irreparable damage to the environment and its residents. For this reason, the issues of ...

Number of pages: 200 Category: Management

Thesis for Master's Degree in Industrial Management Abstract Maintenance and repairs play an important role in maintaining reliability, availability, product quality, reducing risk, increasing efficiency and security of equipment. Manufacturing companies are always trying to reduce production costs. One of the basic costs of these enterprises is the cost of repairs, which mainly ...

Number of pages: 176 Category: Management

Prioritization of knowledge management solutions with fuzzy QFD approach (Study case: Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Shiraz) Abstract One of the government departments of the country, which is very knowledge-based and takes a huge part of government resources, is the hospital management department. Providing healthcare services to patients is a complex endeavor that is increasingly ...

Number of pages: 130 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Accounting (M.A) Abstract This research seeks to investigate the relationship between taxpayer education and the effectiveness of value added tax implementation in Ilam province and provide solutions to improve it with the fuzzy AHP approach. In terms of the purpose, the current research is of the applied research type, and according to the ...

Number of pages: 166 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Finance. Dissertation abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods, and results obtained): The purpose of this research is to build appropriate portfolios by considering investors' risk tolerance and their preferences in a flexible, practical, and realistic manner. For this purpose, a rule-based fuzzy expert ...

Number of pages: 168 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) specialization: Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems Abstract The uneven growth and unprincipled urban development due to the incompatibility between different urban uses and the lack of urban unit management has caused problems in the urban system in Region Three (in the area of ??Vanak Square). In this area, the lack of ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of remote sensing and geographic information system, abstract distribution and optimal location of fire stations is very important because of the increasing importance and attention to the issue of safety in cities and providing measures in the field of preventing and dealing with fire and accidents. Urban planning has a ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Industrial Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of automation engineering and precision instruments, abstract presenting a new method in information clustering using a combination of bat algorithm and Fuzzy c-means. The similarity between data within each cluster is maximum and the similarity between data within different clusters is minimum. Fuzzy c-means is also a fuzzy clustering technique that ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of electrical-power engineering. Abstract: In recent years, attention to high productivity and efficiency in various industries has rapidly expanded the scope of application of power electronic equipment. These equipments have increased power quality problems in distribution networks due to their non-linear ...

Number of pages: 96 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electronics Abstract Nowadays, according to the advantages of wireless sensor networks, which are simple and cheap implementation, low power consumption and high scalability, they are used in many applications. Designing sustainable wireless sensor networks is a very challenging issue. Sensors with limited energy are expected to operate automatically for a ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree, specialization: Power, Power, Abstract One of the important design challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is to prolong the lifetime of the system (node), while achieving an acceptable quality of service for the applications. Extending the life of the node is directly related to reducing energy consumption. In WSN, each sensor node works ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc) Abstract: A sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes that are widely distributed in an environment and collect information from the environment. Since the nodes are powered by batteries, an important issue that is considered in sensor networks is the issue of energy consumption. One of the methods that are very common in ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in telecommunications-systems, the abstract of the current research is about the issue of scalability in wireless sensor networks with imaging capability, which has analyzed, mathematically modeled and simulated the scalability by considering a relatively practical scenario of the sensor network, and based on the performance criteria of outage capacity and ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Computer Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: computer, software, abstract. In a sensor network, which is a pervasive distributed system, communication synchronization is one of the discussed cases. One of the main tasks of synchronizing processes is mutual exclusivity. The new algorithms provided are more fair compared to the old algorithms. In this thesis, we present a ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Computer Engineering-Artificial Intelligence Abstract Identifying Overlapping Organizations in Dynamic Networks Many complex natural and social structures can be considered as networks [1]. Roads, Internet sites, social networks, organizational communication, kinship relationships, electronic mail exchange, telephone calls and financial transactions are just a ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc. Abstract A wireless sensor network is a network consisting of many small nodes. The node receives information about the environment through sensors. The energy consumption of the nodes is usually provided by batteries, which in most cases cannot be replaced. Therefore, the consumption power of nodes is an important issue in these networks. And it is very ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering (Communication System) Abstract: Optimizing Node Placement in Different Environments for Broadband Sensor Networks Locator Systems are systems that can detect the location of an object in a space. Such systems usually detect the distance between two objects by using radio communication and determine the location of the object in the area ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Master's Thesis in Information Technology Engineering, Computer Networks, Abstract Location and synchronization are key elements in many underwater communication applications, which, despite being highly interdependent, usually operate separately from each other. But since the synchronization services are the prerequisite of the positioning algorithms and the information about ...

Number of pages: 169 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Information Technology Management, Advanced Information Systems, Abstract Air transportation is one of the most important types of transportation in today's life. Considering the considerable importance of the customer as a source of revenue for airports and as a result the increasing importance of effective customer relationship management, ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc Computer Engineering (Software Orientation) Abstract With the developments in networks and communication technologies, wireless networks are used more. Among them, we can refer to ad hoc networks. Due to the many applications of these networks, the need for security is very important for their proper functioning. One of the problems that ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in the field of Computer Engineering-Artificial Intelligence Abstract Inferring gene regulatory networks from Microarray time series data by dynamic Bayesian networks Genetic regulatory networks are a set of gene-gene relationships that create a cause and effect relationship in gene activities. Our knowledge about these networks plays a very effective role in ...

Number of pages: 51 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Computer Engineering - Artificial Intelligence Abstract Considering the rapid growth of complexity and size of simulation systems, designing efficient structures for evaluation and validation is an important issue. Today, Petri net is used for validation and verification. Petri nets are used to model systems of discrete events that may occur ...

Number of pages: 113 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Computer Engineering (M.Sc.) Specialization: Software Abstract Today, moving ad hoc networks are more widely used and popular than in the past. Therefore, paying attention to the category of security in such networks is of great importance to the extent that it has become one of the important topics in scientific and research circles in the ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation of the master's course in computer engineering, software orientation. Abstract The necessity of increasing use of distributed data in computer networks is clear to everyone. A large number of computing and storage resources are placed together and form the grid. In recent years, grid technology has grown significantly, so that it has been used in most scientific ...

Number of pages: 139 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in the field of electrical engineering (control) abstract of the temporal analysis of the transmission of control signals through multi-stage links on industrial networks in order to implement wide control loops with high flexibility. The advancement of technologies related to communication networks in recent decades and their expansion in the upper layers of the ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc degree: Software Abstract One of the challenges in the field of sensor networks is how to route and collect information from network nodes. Since these networks are limited in terms of energy and processing resources, they need special methods for routing and transmitting information that have low energy consumption. To make the issue clearer, in ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in computer engineering - software orientation. Abstract In all the projects that are carried out today, the discussion of management is a very decisive issue. Software projects are no exception to this rule. One of the most important aspects of software development is time and cost management. Considering that in the early stages of ...