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Number of pages: 200 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography, specialization: Geomorphology in environmental planning. The abstract of this research, using the descriptive and analytical method along with library and documentary studies and field observations, investigates the hydrogeomorphology of the Masuleh River basin with an emphasis on the waterfalls of the ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.A Master's Degree Field: Natural Geography Major: Climatology in Environmental Planning Abstract Climate is one of the most important basic factors for identifying the natural areas of the earth, among the climatic elements, precipitation is of great importance. By examining the rainfall areas, it is possible to identify the potential of the country's water ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree major: Accounting Abstract: In this research, 80 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, during the period of 2007 to 2011, have been tested in order to investigate this issue in the stages of their life cycle. The independent variable of this research is information uncertainty and the dependent variable of this research is ...

Number of pages: 172 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: natural geography, orientation: climate in environmental planning. Abstract: Atmospheric precipitation is one of the most important meteorological factors because all water resources in the region are supplied through these precipitations. Precipitation studies are of great importance in terms of natural and human ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Academic Thesis for Master's degree in the field: Natural Geography-Climatology in Environmental Planning Abstract Rains of more than 100 mm in one day are one of the causes of floods and natural hazards, and knowing how they occur and the extent of their effects helps greatly in reducing possible environmental damage. The current research was conducted to identify and ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation to receive the master's degree in civil engineering ""M. Sc"" Major: Water. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to investigate the trend of annual rainfall changes in 37 selected stations in the whole of Iran using non-parametric method. The two Mann-Kendall tests and the age estimator, which are among the most common non-parametric methods, were used for the trend ...

Number of pages: 135 Category: Paramedical

Doctoral Dissertation for Doctoral Degree in Physiotherapy Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive load and walking speed on the variability and dynamics of intra-organ synchrony phase in young and elderly people with and without a history of falling. 30 young people and 32 elderly people (20 elderly people with a history of falling and 12 ...

Number of pages: 128 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc.) Direction: Watershed, the effect of different components of rainfall on the morphometric characteristics of landslides in Mazandaran province. Abstract: Landslide is one of the main landslide processes that affects the evolution of mountainous regions and causes catastrophic events. Landslides in Iran, especially in the northern basins of ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Management

Field: Executive Management Fall 2019 Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and job performance of employees of Ardabil gas company. Organizational justice, the role of fairness and especially the perception of fairness in the environment

Number of pages: 135 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of civil engineering, oriented towards soil and foundation mechanics, Shahrivar   2013 Abstract Dams are always considered as infrastructure structures

Number of pages: 170 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Civil Engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract: Concrete beam and slab bridges with neoprene supports are among the most common highway bridges in the country.

Number of pages: 160 Category: Management

In order to receive a master's degree in the field of educational sciences (M.A.), orientation: educational management, autumn 2012, abstract, the main purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between organizational culture and human resources productivity in the Department of Education.

Number of pages: 221 Category: Management

Dissertation of master's degree in the field: MBA management with marketing orientation Fall 2011 Persian Abstract: This research seeks to extract a model for selecting brand development strategies. In this research, S

Number of pages: 129 Category: Architectural Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of architecture, architectural trend, autumn 2013, chapter 1- general 1-1- statement of the problem: Iran is a special example among other countries in terms of climate diversity.

Number of pages: 142 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's thesis of Ardakan Shahrivar Faculty of Art and Architecture 2013 During the Safavid era, Shah Ismail declared the Shia religion as the official religion of the Safavid dynasty. Continuity and long life of this dynasty and strength

Number of pages: 148 Category: Management

Master's Thesis Field: Executive Management Focus: Strategic Management Academic Year: 1389-1391 Abstract of Research Measuring market risk is a problem that has been on researchers' minds for a long time

Number of pages: 104 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Master's Thesis in (Agricultural Economics Engineering) Winter 2013 Abstract: Drought is one of the major problems that Kerman province is facing. And in the last decade, it has gained critical dimensions

Number of pages: 145 Category: Economics

Thesis for receiving the master's degree (M.A) in the field of economic sciences, summer 2019. Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the field. Economic corruption is in government tenders. to reach

Number of pages: 181 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Major: Climatology Abstract: Geographically, Iran has little rainfall due to its proximity to the subtropical high pressure center of STHP and the prevailing weather conditions of this system. In the southern regions of the country, as a result of the longer rule of this system, the drought phenomenon becomes more acute. Rainfall changes ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract Today, rice is the main food of more than half of the world's population and rice is cultivated in five continents and more than forty countries. Rice is one of the main meals of the people of Iran, until 1340, Iran exported more or less rice annually, and since then, as a result of the improvement of the economic situation of the people and the rapid increase of the ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering - Systems Management and Productivity Orientation Fall 2019 Abstract: The growing and rapid movement of today's societies to acquire and exploit information, causes an ever-increasing expansion

Number of pages: 173 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Human Geography, Dissertation for Master's Degree ""M.A"" Major: Rural Planning, Introduction to the investigation of activity platforms, especially agriculture and factors affecting the quality and quantity of its products, which itself plays an effective role in the development of activists and is extremely important. Summarizing the ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Geography, specialization: Climatology in environmental planning. Abstract Different climatic parameters such as temperature, humidity and rainfall in a place are factors that influence the climate of that region and knowing them determines the climate of that region. Climate change is one of the most important climate issues ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.A. Degree: Political Geography Abstract: The illegal entry of foreign nationals from the eastern borders to various cities of our country, especially Afghan and Pakistani nationals, has long been considered as one of the problems of the Iranian society, and this issue has been analyzed by experts and experts over the past years from the perspective of social ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Social Sciences Abstract: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between social factors and the level of political awareness of women in Garami city. The research method in this study is a survey, and the statistical population includes all women over 20 years old in the city of Garami, which is about ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

The thesis of the master of social sciences of this research intends to examine and analyze the social stratification structure of Balochistan, Iran and the social contexts affecting it during the first Pahlavi period. For this purpose, first of all, the research intends to refer to the social contexts involved in the structure of stratification, such as social traditions, ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Industrial Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in industrial engineering, Fall 2012 Abstract During the past years, many efforts have been made to reduce the cost of transportation by using different models.

Number of pages: 152 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Information Science and Epistemology Abstract Objective: In this research, the state of psychological empowerment of librarians of university libraries in Tehran and three factors affecting it, i.e. organizational conditions, management strategies and self-efficacy resources, and the relationship of these three factors with psychological ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis of the Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the psychological immunization program on the writing style of dyslexic students. The present study was a pilot study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research sample consisted of 60 dyslexic ...

Number of pages: 147 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract In this research, the moderating role of coping strategies and social support in the relationship between quality of life, psychological symptoms and parenting styles has been examined and 120 female heads of households in Alborz province were selected as the research sample. Research evidence and the results of ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Psychology

Abstract: The aim of this study is the way of spending free time of Shahrized teachers with emphasis on sports activities and its relationship with job burnout in academic year 92-93. This research is of a descriptive and expressive type, and the method of collecting data and information, documentary and library studies and field studies, as well as the data collection tool, a ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Economics

Abstract: Capital market prosperity increases private investment and national production. Identifying the variables affecting the stock price is one of the factors that can lead the capital market to a state of stability and prosperity of the economy.

Number of pages: 98 Category: Economics

(To obtain a master's degree) Economics and Administrative Sciences Winter 2013 Abstract: The subject of this thesis is the expiration date in commercial documents, in which an attempt has been made to determine the effect of history on the issuance and continuation and collapse of a commercial document and the importance of

Number of pages: 159 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree, field: natural geography, orientation: geomorphology in environmental planning, abstract, one of the pillars of the tourism industry is the existence of tourist attractions, especially natural attractions, which form the primary capital of the tourism industry. Seas, forests, meadows, mountains, valleys, waterfalls, mines, springs are ...

Number of pages: 146 Category: Architectural Engineering

Thesis for receiving the master's degree in architectural engineering (M.A) fall 2013 Abstract Today, the elderly constitute a large segment of the population of any society, due to the control of population growth and

Number of pages: 167 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Foreword The ever-increasing expansion of cities and the inordinate increase in their population has caused numerous environmental problems and has made human societies face various mental problems. Since in the current situation, reducing the problems caused by industrialization, job creation, environmental protection, the interaction of cultures and finally sustainable ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of natural geography in the field of climate change. Abstract: With the process of global warming and water resources becoming more valuable due to population growth and the needs of industries and agriculture, numerous investigations have been conducted in line with water conservation and protection programs in line with ...

Number of pages: 93 Category: Insurance

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Business Management Major: Insurance Abstract Life insurance is used as a tool for investment and also to overcome the problems caused by the death of the head of the family and old age. In many countries, with life insurance, a huge financial source in the whole society is obtained from the insurance premiums that can be used for ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Psychology (M.A) Orientation: General Abstract Cancer is one of the chronic diseases that carries a heavy economic, social and psychological burden for the patient, family and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence and mindfulness training on psychological well-being and life expectancy ...

Number of pages: 118 Category: Literature - Persian Language

Dissertation, to receive the master's degree of M.A in the field of Dramatic Literature. Abstract Script writing is one of the most important stages of film formation and production as the main platform and the axis of connecting cinematic elements. Since the use of ""absence"" in the screenplay is effective, this treatise tries to examine the limitations and harms of the direct ...

Number of pages: 187 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Advertising and Cultural Communication Abstract Investigating the manner in which competing media pay to the news of the day - on July 18, when the political history of the opposition events in Iran took place, and on October 9, when the Palestine Conference was held with the participation of Islamic countries as the cause of the Islamic Revolution and the ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Psychology

The thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of educational psychology. Abstract of the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of teaching self-regulated learning strategies on essay writing in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A two-group quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test was used. Two elementary ...

Number of pages: 114 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's thesis in the field of educational sciences, the abstract of the present study was investigated with the aim of investigating the moral education of children with emphasis on the view of Imam Ali (a.s.). This research, while providing a brief definition of Imam Ali's (a.s.) morals and perceptions, examines the foundations, principles, methods, goals, and also examines ...

Number of pages: 148 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning Abstract Today, one of the most obvious problems of contemporary urban planning is the crisis of meaning, both social and physical, in place. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the expectation of changes in various cultural fields gradually entered the physical realms and created the desire to restore the ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of natural geography, geomorphology in environmental planning. Abstract: Studies on the effects of urban development on Zarjoub and Goharroud rivers in Rasht city have been carried out with the aim of improving the environmental quality of changing the conditions of the rivers from their pollution and flooding to favorable and ...

Number of pages: 197 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

An academic thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography - Geomorphology trend in environmental planning, abstract of the mutual effects caused by different resources and living and non-living components in a watershed, the necessity of implementing a systemic and integrated management model in watersheds with the aim of optimal resource efficiency and ...

Number of pages: 151 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: Geography and Tourism Planning Abstract of the Dissertation (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): This research has been carried out under the title of examining the capabilities of nature tourism in Swadkoh. The purpose of this research is to identify and introduce the capabilities and ...

Number of pages: 52 Category: Economics

March 2013 Field: Economics Orientation: Economic Sciences Abstract: In the highly competitive environment of the food industry, the preservation and development of the market is the result of the brand's performance. Therefore, identifying the effect of the brand on the sales performance of ingredients.

Number of pages: 105 Category: Biology - Environment

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Economics: Energy Economics Fall 2013 Abstract of Thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): natural resources including

Number of pages: 98 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of natural geography, specialization: geomorphology in environmental planning. Abstract: Nowadays, it is necessary to pay attention to the phenomenon of landslides and to predict, identify, control and reduce the risks and damages caused by it as one of the forms of unexpected events. Landslide is a phenomenon that depends on ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: application of climate in environmental planning. Abstract Since the beginning of history, drought has been a part of climate changes in our environment. The lack of water on one hand and the indiscriminate and wrong use of water resources on the other hand are a serious threat to the environment and water resources in a ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Abstract: All crops are different from each other in terms of biological characteristics and environmental needs, while the natural and environmental characteristics of the land also have drastic changes from one region to another. Many factors affect the growth and development of plants. Some of these factors include: the amount of energy received from the sun, the temperature ...

Number of pages: 184 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Abstract The formation of educational and cultural settlements in terms of shape, how to settle and the type of materials and many other parameters are related to climatic elements. Architecture compatible with climatic conditions, in addition to providing a comfortable atmosphere, prevents energy waste and will bring favorable economic effects on a micro and macro scale. The ...

Number of pages: 119 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis in Urban Affairs Management Abstract Municipality is one of the most key organizations that plays an important role in providing urban services to citizens. By applying the knowledge of information technology and telecommunication systems as well as the ability of internal and experienced specialists in urban management, this organization has created a system ...

Number of pages: 180 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Information Technology Abstract: Many preaching methods of the mentioned prophets relied on the common call to monotheism, resurrection, moral principles, etc. After the death of the beloved Prophet of Islam, preaching, especially in the form of a pulpit, was one of the main means of transmitting Islamic knowledge, and it has undergone many ...

Number of pages: 194 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Field: Geography and Rural Planning Abstract Rural growth and development is closely related to the participation of villagers, because participation actually increases the efficiency of economic, social and cultural programs and the quality of decision-making for rural areas. The weak participation of the people in the rural society ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in the field of Natural Geography, Climate Hazards Abstract Dust storms are destructive weather phenomena that cause irreparable damage to urban areas, fields, facilities, roads, etc. every year. This phenomenon is affected by special weather conditions, and if the mechanism of its development and expansion is known, it is possible to ...

Number of pages: 132 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography, specialization: Geomorphology in environmental planning. Abstract: Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters, which is usually associated with a lot of human and financial losses. Floods every year in the corners of the country cause a lot of damage to economic resources. The occurrence of ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: natural geography, specialization: tourism planning. This research deals with the development of geotourism in the Vashi Gorge of the Jalizjund basin of Firuzkoh city by using a descriptive and analytical method with practical objectives, and the method of collecting information is in the form of library, document and ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's thesis in the field of social sciences Today, psychological operations include various methods and techniques, but this meaning cannot be limited to a specific technique or method, from this point of view, psychological operations is a process that affects the audience through various tools and devices, a process that has changed over the centuries and has produced ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) majoring in General Psychology Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research is to compare the quality of life, meaning of life, body image and mental health in two groups of menopausal and non-menopausal women with emphasis on their level of education. Research method: In the current comparative causal research, the statistical ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree, field: Geography, specialization: tourism planning. Abstract The scope of study in this research is certain parts of the mountainous areas of Lahijan and Masal cities in Gilan province, which are known as Bam Sabz. The green roof of Lahijan, which has attracted the attention of many tourists in recent years, is located in the middle of ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Psychiatry

Dissertation for Master's Degree in General Psychology Abstract: The purpose of this research was to compare cognitive emotion regulation strategies, attachment styles, self-expression and locus of control in runaway and normal girls. The research method in this study was causal-comparative. The subjects included 36 girls (18 runaway girls and 18 normal girls). The group of ...

Number of pages: 132 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's Thesis of Educational Management (M.A.) Abstract Job stress variables and organizational commitment are among the important issues that are considered in successful organizations today. One of the variables that has been associated with job stress and organizational commitment is work ethic. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship ...

Number of pages: 116 Category: Tourism - Tourism

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geomorphology in Environmental Planning Abstract Geotourism is one of the newest and most popular branches of tourism and its fans are increasing every day and it is considered a tool for sustainable development. Geotourism or geotourism is a branch of tourism whose purpose is to enjoy seeing beautiful and amazing geological and ...

Number of pages: 149 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

In order to receive a master's degree in geography and climatology in environmental planning, in order to identify the synoptic patterns leading to torrential rain, first, daily rainfall equal to 20 mm and more during the statistical period of 1991 to 2010 was determined as the basis for analyzing the torrent for the synoptic stations of Astara, Anzali, Rasht and Ramsar with the ...

Number of pages: 179 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis of Social Communication Sciences The abstract of the present research was compiled with the aim of representing foreign cultural values ??in the environmental advertisements of Tehran. In this research, we were looking for answers to these questions, whether the environmental advertising of Tehran presents and advertises foreign cultural values ??or not, and if ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation to receive a master's degree (M.A.) in the field of accounting. Abstract The purpose of this research; Investigating the relationship between transactions with related parties and the performance of companies. In this research, the financial information of 125 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2016 to 2018 has been examined. The ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Art - Graphics

Theoretical thesis of master's course in dramatic literature, screenwriting orientation. Abstract: The research problem is to examine the assumptions to reach a religious screenplay. A descriptive-analytical method has been used to answer this question. The theoretical framework, the transformation of the sensible world into the sensible world in the theory of Ayatollah Javadi ...

Number of pages: 69 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master of Social Sciences (M.A) Degree: Researcher Abstract Professional values ??are the basis of employees' performance, which guide employees' interactions with citizens, colleagues, other professionals, and the general public, and provide a framework for commitment to the welfare of citizens and guidance for ethical behavior in the provision of humanitarian ...

Number of pages: 173 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation, to receive the master's degree ""M.A"" in the field of TV production. Research abstract: Publishing the teachings of Islam is one of the most essential factors for the survival and continuity of this religion. It is monotheistic. Propagation and information of these concepts and religious foundations is the most important way to publish and promote them. With the ...

Number of pages: 139 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Executive Management, Orientation: Strategic Abstract The general purpose of this research is to determine the impact of strategic human resources planning requirements on the performance of employees of the health and treatment network of Hormozgan province. For this purpose, a main hypothesis and four sub-hypotheses have been designed. In ...

Number of pages: 247 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography Major: Climatology Abstract Floods are one of the natural phenomena that mankind has been witnessing since a long time ago. In Iran, due to the large area, multiple climates, and temporal and spatial density of rainfall in most watersheds, every year we see huge floods in most regions of the country. ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Geography, specialization: Climatology in environmental planning. Abstract: In this research, the monitoring and zoning of drought as well as the investigation of its different dimensions in the country of Iran using statistics and information related to precipitation and temperature for 30 years (1981-2010) of the country's ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Field: Natural Geography - Hydrology and Synoptic Meteorology Abstract Damages caused by critical cold temperatures are increasing, especially in natural ecosystems and densely populated urban areas. Central Iran is a dry land prone to cold weather, especially during winter, and lacks resources to moderate temperature tensions, such as ...

Number of pages: 184 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Educational Management Abstract: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the relationship between organizational learning, job involvement and organizational innovation of public secondary school teachers in Kermanshah province. The research method is descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this research ...

Number of pages: 97 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.Sc degree in natural geography-geomorphology in environmental planning. Abstract The city expands in the geographical environment not based on capacity and facilities but on the basis of urgency and necessity. This issue is very noticeable in today's cities. It is noteworthy that the city must be in harmony with its natural location and it is essential that ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) Major: General Comparison of primary maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in cancer patients with normal people Abstract: The present study was conducted to compare cognitive distortions and primary maladaptive schemas in cancer patients and normal people. For this purpose, from the statistical population of cancer patients ...

Number of pages: 139 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting, Auditing, Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between tax avoidance and abnormal delay in financial reporting of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In terms of the research method, this research is a descriptive-analytical research of the type of correlation, regression analysis and based on panel ...

Number of pages: 200 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Chapter 1 1-1-Introduction Climate[1] is a complex system[2] that is changing mainly due to the increase of greenhouse gases. During the 20th century, especially in the last two decades, the climate of the earth lost its balance and showed a tendency to increase the temperature (Rahimiu et al., 2012). According to many experts, climate change is a natural phenomenon[3] that has ...