Download the thesis about electrical defects✅ Word Document

Download more than 100 examples of thesis, proposal and project topics about electrical defects in editable WORD file format at undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels for use and reference in research, articles, theses, student and academic projects.

Number of pages: 101 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in electrical engineering, electronics, abstract. The many advantages of on-site calibration compared to calibration in the calibration center have led to the formation of mobile calibration teams in all companies that work in the field of calibration. Therefore, in recent years, the design of standards and equipment suitable for ...

Number of pages: 79 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation of the master's course in electrical field (M. Sc) orientation: power Abstract: In this thesis, electrical and mechanical defects in electric machines are examined and the factors that cause them and the methods of fixing these defects are stated. After that, with the help of the winding function method of the simulation machine and the intended error, i.e. the ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis of Power Electrical Engineering Abstract The wide network of the power system has very expensive equipment, including generators, breakers, power cables and transformers. The power transformer is the beating heart of this network, which is always subject to various errors under the influence of operational and environmental conditions, and in some cases, it will ...

Number of pages: 66 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation of the Master's course in the field of electricity (M. Sc) orientation: power Abstract: In this thesis, electrical and mechanical defects in electric machines are first examined and the factors causing them and the methods of fixing these defects are stated. After that, with the help of the winding function method of the simulation machine and the intended error, ...

Number of pages: 153 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in electrical engineering, electronics, abstract, accurate measurement and control of temperature in industrial and research systems is of particular importance, and the correct operation of some industrial and laboratory tools is possible only in a certain location with a small number of channels (maximum 8 channels). Therefore, the ...

Number of pages: 92 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electrical-Control Engineering Abstract In this article, diagnosis, reconstruction and fault prediction of nonlinear systems with uncertainty are investigated. The diagnostic criterion is the residual signal calculated from the difference between the system output and a sliding mode viewer. The idea of ??sliding mode is to compensate the effect of ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in electrical engineering, electronics major. Abstract: In this thesis, a method for identifying Persian vowels in monosyllabic words is presented. For this purpose, after separating the image frames and selecting the frames that were related to the pronunciation of the vowel in the monosyllabic word, as well as extracting the area around the lips, various ...

Number of pages: 210 Category: Electronic Engineering

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computers Electrical Engineering Doctoral Dissertation Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to improve the performance of optimal rate allocation algorithms based on the utility function in data networks. The optimal rate allocation algorithm based on the utility function was first proposed by Dr. Golestani. Then Kelly showed that the ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis of Electrical Engineering - Power Abstract: Induction motor condition monitoring is an absolutely necessary and important technology to detect various defects at the initial stage. which can prevent the spread of unexpected defects in the initial stages. Approximately 30-40% of induction motor defects are related to stator defects. In this thesis, a comprehensive ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Electronic Engineering

Electrical-Electronics Engineering Master's Thesis Abstract In this thesis, we have used graphene nano-ribbons as an active layer of a solar cell for the first time. To simulate this cell, the non-equilibrium Green's function method was used in the mode space, and the effect of electron-photon interactions was calculated by means of Born's self-consistent approximation. To ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Dissertation in Power Electricity Abstract: In electrical networks, costs caused by system losses and defects caused by voltage deviations from permissible limits are among the biggest problems that plague power generation, transmission and distribution. Therefore, reducing the costs of planning and operating power systems, and at the same time, observing its limits and ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering - hydraulic structures Abstract: Rivers are one of the most important and common sources of drinking, agricultural and industrial water supply. These resources have many qualitative fluctuations due to passing through different platforms and direct connection with the surrounding environment. Therefore, predicting the quality of ...

Number of pages: 108 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering, Power Orientation Abstract In this thesis, while investigating the phenomenon of saturation in protective CTs, the problems related to the detection of this phenomenon and the compensation of CT secondary current have been discussed, and in order to solve the problems raised, methods have been introduced and the results have been ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering (M. S. C) Major: Power Abstract At present, fossil resources are rapidly running out, and with increasing concern about air pollution and global warming, experts are thinking of using cleaner energy sources and more compatible with the environment. Among these, wind power and solar energy are two types of huge renewable energy sources. ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electrical-Control Engineering Abstract In this article, diagnosis, reconstruction and fault prediction of nonlinear systems with uncertainty are investigated. The diagnostic criterion is the residual signal calculated from the difference between the system output and a sliding mode viewer. The idea of ??sliding mode is to compensate the effect of ...

Number of pages: 121 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in chemical engineering, advanced orientation. Abstract The limitation of heat transfer fluids in various industries due to their poor thermal conductivity has caused the improvement of the heat transfer of working fluids to be considered as a new method of advanced heat transfer. So that the idea of ??dispersing solid particles in ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Physics

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in chemical engineering, advanced orientation. Abstract The limitation of heat transfer fluids in various industries due to their poor thermal conductivity has caused the improvement of the heat transfer of working fluids to be considered as a new method of advanced heat transfer. So that the idea of ??dispersing solid particles in ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis of Electrical Engineering - Power Abstract: Induction motor condition monitoring is an absolutely necessary and important technology to detect various defects at the initial stage. which can prevent the spread of unexpected defects in the initial stages. Approximately 30-40% of induction motor defects are related to stator defects. In this thesis, a comprehensive ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in electrical engineering, electronics major. Abstract: In this thesis, a method for identifying Persian vowels in monosyllabic words is presented. For this purpose, after separating the image frames and selecting the frames that were related to the pronunciation of the vowel in the monosyllabic word, as well as extracting the area around the lips, various ...

Number of pages: 155 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's degree in electrical engineering, electronics, abstract, accurate measurement and control of temperature in industrial and research systems is of particular importance, and the correct operation of some industrial and laboratory tools is possible only in a specific location with a small number of channels (maximum 8 channels). Therefore, the decision was made to build a ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Dissertation in Power Electricity Abstract: In electrical networks, costs caused by system losses and defects caused by voltage deviations from permissible limits are among the biggest problems that plague power generation, transmission and distribution. Therefore, reducing the costs of planning and operating power systems, and at the same time, observing its limits and ...

Number of pages: 205 Category: Electrical Engineering

Electrical Engineering Doctoral Dissertation Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to improve the performance of optimal rate allocation algorithms based on the utility function in data networks. The optimal rate allocation algorithm based on the utility function was first proposed by Dr. Golestani. Then Kelly showed that the problem of optimal rate allocation can be converted ...

Number of pages: 56 Category: Food and Packaging Industries

Abstract This research was conducted in order to investigate the absorption characteristics of cobalt, cadmium and nickel metals using lemon peel. The effect of different parameters such as solution pH, amount of adsorbent, contact time and temperature on the absorption process was investigated and the optimal operating conditions for the absorption of each element on the ...

Number of pages: 99 Category: Telecommunication Engineering

Master's Thesis of Electrical-Communication Engineering Abstract Production and amplification of radio frequencies [1] is the heart of satellite communication and optical electronics applications. The telecommunications industry is looking for smaller and more efficient RF amplifiers at higher frequencies. Nanostructures meet these needs due to their unique characteristics. In ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Electrical Engineering

Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering, Power Orientation Abstract In this thesis, while investigating the phenomenon of saturation in protection CTs, the problems related to the detection of this phenomenon and the compensation of CT secondary current have been discussed, and in order to solve the problems raised, methods have been introduced and the results have been ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Telecommunication Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in electrical engineering field telecommunication field Abstract This thesis focuses on the applications and development of Time-Reversal techniques based on signal processing methods for broadband electromagnetic waves in homogeneous and random discrete and continuous environments. Time reversal methods based on the invariance of ...

Number of pages: 138 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering, Power Systems, Abstract: In this thesis project, a new analytical approach is proposed for planning electric energy production and determining the amount and storage location of rotating storage corresponding to the risk level of subscriber load points through profit/cost analysis in the optimization program of shared ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Electrical Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Mechatronics Engineering Persian Abstract The purpose of this project is to introduce a new approach for troubleshooting gas transmission pipelines using mechanical waves, which is much cheaper and easier than other methods. who are currently working. These lines are usually located in difficult environmental conditions and far away and in ...

Number of pages: 100 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for M.Sc)) Electrical Orientation - Power Abstract Common-mode voltages and currents are generated due to parasitic capacitance between solar cells and their frame, which is usually grounded. These capacities are usually modeled as capacitors between the negative terminal of the solar cell and ground. In solar cells that are connected to the grid through a ...

Number of pages: 90 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's degree thesis in the field of chemical engineering, thermokinetic and catalyst orientation. Abstract The purpose of this research is to estimate the electrical conductivity of natural waters based on modern mathematical methods. To achieve this, the waters of the Karaj and Jajrud rivers are considered as special cases. For this purpose, 20 sampling stations were ...

Number of pages: 110 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Mechatronics Engineering Persian Abstract The purpose of this project is to introduce a new approach for troubleshooting gas transmission pipelines using mechanical waves, which is much cheaper and easier than other methods. who are currently working. These lines are usually located in difficult environmental conditions and far away and in ...

Number of pages: 77 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Abstract The many advantages of on-site calibration compared to calibration in the calibration center have led to the formation of well-equipped mobile calibration teams in all companies that work in the field of calibration. Therefore, in recent years, the design of standards and equipment suitable for mobile work has been given ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation, March 2013, abstract of the scope of using FRP materials for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in

Number of pages: 123 Category: Civil Engineering

Summer 1390 Expertise Master of the field: Civil Engineering Orientation: Structure Abstract: In this thesis, the effect of nanosilica on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete containing polypropylene fibers

Number of pages: 87 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation, October 1390, first chapter of generalities. 1-1 Introduction In recent years, there have been many advances in the field

Number of pages: 92 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in civil-structural engineering Abstract: Divergent bracing frames are considered earthquake-resistant systems for steel structures. These braces are from my difficulty

Number of pages: 142 Category: Educational Sciences

Abstract The general purpose of the research is to analyze the content of social studies books for the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school based on metacognitive skills. Descriptive research method and basically a ""research"" Content analysis " is cup

Number of pages: 130 Category: Psychology

Thesis for receiving the degree of M.A. Orientation: assessment and measurement (psychology) Winter 2013 Abstract During the past decades, a large number of psychologists and psychiatrists

Number of pages: 140 Category: Management

Thesis of Master's Degree in Business Management, Marketing Orientation, Summer 2013 Abstract With the emergence of phenomena such as e-commerce and e-business, the methods used in the field of increasing

Number of pages: 139 Category: IT Information Technology Engineering

Master's Thesis of Information Technology Management (M.Sc) academic year 1389-1390 Abstract In order to study and predict the distribution pattern of economically important benthic fish, catch data of 10 species

Number of pages: 84 Category: Art - Graphics

Master's Thesis of Ardakan Faculty of Art and Architecture, Department: Carpets, November 2013 Abstract: Some contemporary (mostly commercial) carpets have defects in color, which are checked by a restorer upon the customer's request.

Number of pages: 163 Category: Management

Dissertation of master's degree in public administration for the academic year 2010-2013 abstract Considering today's competitive environment, the importance of quality improvement programs in order to achieve product quality

Number of pages: 121 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree M. A) Field: Geography and Urban Planning Chapter 1 (Research Plan) 1-1- Introduction The establishment of any urban element in a specific physical-spatial location of the city is subject to specific principles and rules and mechanisms (mechanisms) which, if followed, will lead to the success and functional efficiency of that element ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the Dosa method on the theory of mind of high-functioning autistic children. The present research is a quasi-experimental type and the design used is a single-group pre-test-post-test design with follow-up and without the use of random selection. ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in educational technology (M.A) Abstract This research was conducted with the aim of presenting a courseware based on the model of concept acquisition and investigating its effect on vocabulary learning and memorization and comprehension of first-year high school students in English. This study is in the group of quasi-experimental ...

Number of pages: 478 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis in Social Welfare Abstract Introduction: Correctional center is a place for correction and rehabilitation of delinquent children and teenagers. In order to successfully implement rehabilitation programs, it is necessary for experts to be informed about the experiences of these people. This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the experiences and views ...

Number of pages: 153 Category: Industrial Engineering

Thesis of master's degree in the field of education and improvement of human resources) Winter 2013 Abstract Work and man are two main and inseparable components of life, which should be planned in a way that fits each other. Time

Number of pages: 91 Category: Industrial Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering, Industrial Orientation, Esfand 90, Abstract Today, due to the progress in technology, the globalization of markets, the diversity of customer demand, and the increase

Number of pages: 89 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of psychology for exceptional children. Abstract The field of independence is an important topic of study and research in the field of mental health and education in the world. Cognitive-behavioral play therapy methods are offered to deal with concerns such as anger, anxiety, perfectionism, aggression, separation, social ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Educational Sciences

Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) in Curriculum Planning, Dissertation Abstract (including summary, objectives, implementation methods, and results obtained): The purpose of this research is to investigate the performance of counselors in the academic guidance of students in various fields of ...

Number of pages: 142 Category: Industrial Engineering

To receive a master's degree in polymer engineering - polymer industries, May 2013 abstract With the progress of various sciences and knowledge, the boundaries of knowledge have converged and in some fields we are witnessing

Number of pages: 90 Category: Industrial Engineering

Master's degree thesis Industrial Engineering - Socio-Economic System, February 2013 Abstract During the last decades, electric energy, along with other factors of production, plays a decisive role in the country's economic growth.

Number of pages: 301 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

The effectiveness of the regulations of detailed plans on the renovation and improvement of the dilapidated fabric of Isfahan city. Abstract Considering the problems existing in big cities, such as the expansion of the city on the surrounding valuable agricultural lands and the spatial-physical wear and tear of the inner fabrics of the city, the need to adopt methods and ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A) in Clinical Psychology Abstract The main purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of reality therapy on reducing shyness and emotional deficiency of students and its components including reality therapy, reducing shyness, and emotional deficiency. The statistical population of the current research is all students studying in ...

Number of pages: 77 Category: Psychiatry

Master's Thesis of School Counseling Abstract: In line with the need to teach ""emotional management"" skills, the current research under the title, the effectiveness of anger management group counseling, based on cognitive restructuring, on increasing social intimacy and reducing deterministic thinking among male high school students in Shiraz city, was conducted. The study ...

Number of pages: 73 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for master's degree in psychology and education of exceptional children Abstract The purpose of this research was to compare the facial recognition of basic emotions in people with early-onset and late-onset behavior disorders. The research method was descriptive. The statistical population of the research consisted of all students with early-onset and late-onset ...

Number of pages: 175 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Dissertation for Master's degree (MA) specialization: research in communication Abstract of the thesis (including summary, objectives, implementation methods and results obtained): At first, the main idea of ??this project was formed from the poverty of a comprehensive and general plan regarding the place of rationality and its evolution as communication rationality in ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Educational Technology (M.A) Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of music-based education in reducing the learning disorder of elementary school students in Gilangreb city. The method used in this type of research is quasi-experimental with post-test and pre-test and two experimental and control groups. The ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Management

Master's Thesis in Public Administration - Financial Management, Abstract: In the past years, the trend of electric energy consumption has been increasing due to national growth and development, until the amount of fossil fuels consumed, natural gas and petroleum products, was equal to 385.5 barrels of crude oil in 2013. Of this amount, 306.1 barrels of crude oil have been ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.A.) orientation: general. Comparison of executive functions in patients with schizophrenia without psychotic symptoms, major depression without psychotic symptoms and normal people in Shiraz (2013). Abstract Various researches have proposed cognitive deficits as one of the important aspects of schizophrenia. In addition, the ...

Number of pages: 83 Category: Psychology

Master's Thesis in Psychology (M.A) Major: Clinical Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy. For this purpose, the researcher has estimated the level of depression in patients with epilepsy according to the gender, education level, age and economic status of the patients. The current research method of ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Librarianship

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree, Major: Accounting Abstract: We have started this research with the basic question that adjustments in accounting profit, such as profit smoothing, will have an effect on new indicators of performance evaluation, such as economic added value, or not? For this purpose, we have investigated this issue under the title ""Investigation of ...

Number of pages: 160 Category: Librarianship

Master's Thesis in Accounting (M.A) Abstract The topic of ethics and practicing professional ethics is one of the serious and important topics in the field of accounting, which directly affects the honesty and ability of accountants to gain public trust. Especially, the lack of correct and ethical training can lead to fraudulent activities. Therefore, the importance of the ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Management

Dissertation for receiving Master's degree (M.A) in business management, specialization: financial management. The abstract of the current world is the age of knowledge. Endowments, tangible and natural assets are not the key to the success of societies and organizations, but the possession and management of intangible assets in the turbulent and challenging environment of ...

Number of pages: 129 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for M.A. Degree: Clinical Psychology Abstract Objective: The present study compares active schemas in depressed subjects with anxious subjects in non-profit Azad University students of Rasht city. The research method is correlational and post-event, comparative and cross-sectional. The statistical population of this research was all the people who studied in the ...

Number of pages: 122 Category: Educational Sciences

Dissertation for the master's degree of the Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to compare the executive functions of children with and without stuttering disorder. This research was of a causal-comparative type, the sample of this research includes 60 children aged 7-11, 30 normal children were selected ...

Number of pages: 63 Category: Educational Sciences

Master's thesis in the field of psychology and education of exceptional children. The present study was conducted in order to compare the visual-spatial ability of children with non-verbal learning disorder and high-functioning independent children. In this research, a descriptive type of contextualization was used, which was implemented in two stages of selection (subjects and ...

Number of pages: 85 Category: Computer Engineering

Master's Thesis in Computer Engineering Abstract: In recent years, due to the growing number of requests and the joining of new customers to the world of computing, computer systems Computing should also change and be more powerful and flexible than before. In the meantime, cloud computing was presented as a model beyond a system that currently has the ability to respond to most ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Textile Industries

Dissertation to receive the master's degree ""M.S.c"" specialization: Textile chemistry and fiber science Abstract: One of the important processes in the completion of textile goods is the underhand improvement in textiles. Finishing the softener provides a desirable softness to the fabric and improves its properties, and the main goals of the softener are to reduce static ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Librarianship

Master's thesis in the field of accounting, abstract of the present research has investigated the effect of group affiliation on the decision to pay dividends in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the relationship between the dividend policy and factors such as information inequality; Dependence on external financing (sources outside the ...

Number of pages: 174 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) major: general, comparing the personality characteristics of delinquent and non-delinquent people Abstract: This research was carried out with the aim of comparing the personality characteristics of delinquent and non-delinquent people in Mahshahr city. Method: This research was a causal-comparative descriptive research. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 133 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A) Major: Clinical Psychology Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group supportive psychotherapy on the life expectancy and psychological adjustment of mothers of children with cancer. The design of the current research was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 177 Category: Psychology

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology Abstract Introduction: Aging is the most sensitive and risky period of a person's life, the foundation of the spiritual personality of humans is established at this stage, and if the elderly are not given attention and care at this stage, they may become broken and lose their spirit and sink into loneliness. The purpose of ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis on Natural Resources - Desertification Abstract Mangrove forests are located in the southern coastal areas of Iran, and due to their numerous functions and environmental values, it is necessary to protect, restore and develop them. Deciding the way to act in a certain way is consciously to achieve the goals, so as to choose a suitable option among various ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in electrical engineering, control trend, abstract of new methods of identifying errors in systems, such as the use of qualitative analysis of events, can lead to tangible and understandable results for everyone. The gas turbine system is one of the systems in which there is a possibility of many errors. And sometimes even modeling them with mathematical methods ...

Number of pages: 123 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for master's degree in electrical engineering, power orientation. Abstract The limitation of fossil fuel resources and the possibility of running out of fossil energy reserves, global warming, environmental pollution, price instability, as well as the increasing need of industrial and urban centers for energy, have made the international community think of suitable ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract The power system stabilizer is added to the excitation system in order to improve the damping of the power system during low frequency disturbances. For large-scale power systems that include a large number of connected generators, setting the power system stabilizer parameters will be a complex and ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract The power system stabilizer is added to the excitation system in order to improve the damping of the power system during low frequency disturbances. For large-scale power systems that include a large number of connected generators, setting the power system stabilizer parameters will be a complex and ...

Number of pages: 127 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's degree (M.Sc) in the field of electrical-power engineering. Abstract In this thesis, the design of a resistant controller in power electronic circuit breakers and its comparison with linear control methods have been examined. The main goal of research and development in this field is always to find the most suitable control method in order to implement ...

Number of pages: 84 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Thesis Farsi Abstract: Today, with the expansion of DC consumers and non-linear loads connected to the network, the design and construction of power factor correction circuits using electronic power converters has gained special importance. With the advancement of technology, integrated circuits have come to help in this field. Due to the complexity and non-linear ...