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Number of pages: 153 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil-Structural Engineering Abstract In order to estimate the capacity of buildings, it will be much easier and less expensive to use static methods instead of incremental dynamic methods. Although the incremental dynamic method gives more accurate and closer answers to the real behavior of the structure, its high cost and time has increased the desire to use ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

In order to obtain a master's degree in the field of mechanical engineering, energy conversion, abstract: In this thesis, the mass and heat transfer by integral method in the flow of natural displacement of a fluid with a very low frontal near the wavy inclined wall and under the magnetic field has been investigated. The wall is permeable and as a result, the fluid can be sucked ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Master's thesis in the field of mechanical engineering - energy conversion trend Abstract: In this research, the turbulent flow of a non-Newtonian nanofluid in a microchannel with a circular cross-section is simulated. First, the types of classification of microchannels, the methods of making microchannels, as well as the advantages and challenges of using microchannels are ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of mechanics, energy conversion, abstract: free or natural convection heat transfer is one of the most useful phenomena in industry and in the environment around humanity. Due to its wide application, this phenomenon has attracted the attention of many researchers and has prompted researchers to follow the flow of free movement ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Facilities - Mechanics

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Mechanical Engineering (Energy Conversion) Abstract In this thesis, the mass and heat transfer of water-aluminum oxide nanofluid in a two-dimensional porous medium under a magnetic field and in the vicinity of a vertical wall has been investigated. The boundary wall can be permeable or impermeable. The concentration and temperature of the wall ...

Number of pages: 83 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering. 2013 Winter Earthquake Abstract of earthquakes close to the fault due to having pulse type movement with a long period at the beginning of the record, including

Number of pages: 133 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of structural oriented civil engineering, 2013, although the construction and design methods of structures have expanded over the years, but still the effect of earthquakes is one of the most important.

Number of pages: 186 Category: Civil Engineering

Expert thesis‌ Master of Civil Engineering, Structural Orientation, September 2013 Abstract Today, with the progress of science in the construction industry, many methods have been presented to improve reinforced concrete structures

Number of pages: 120 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering - Earthquake Engineering 1391 Abstract Structures with frames with coaxial braces are among earthquake resistant systems. These structures are widely

Number of pages: 209 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis of master's degree in civil engineering, soil and foundation mechanics orientation, September 2019, abstract: analysis of dynamic interaction between soil and structure (due to the mutual effect of the structure and its retaining soil on each other), D

Number of pages: 121 Category: Management

MBA Master's Thesis Summer 2013 Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the employees of the National Bank of Mazandaran Province. It is Ama community

Number of pages: 87 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in civil engineering, structural orientation, October 1390, first chapter of generalities. 1-1 Introduction In recent years, there have been many advances in the field

Number of pages: 145 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering (M.Sc) Orientation: Structure Winter 2013 Abstract: Resilient construction of important government buildings, infrastructure facilities and vital arteries due to the increase

Number of pages: 148 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Geophysics – Seismology 2019 introduction of spectral acceleration maps by probabilistic method for Iran in the range of 44-54 geographic longitude and 40-26-5 geographical latitude based on the analysis

Number of pages: 124 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in structural engineering, February 2011 Abstract: In the optimal civil engineering ­structure construction‌ for static loadings have been significantly developed. But, in

Number of pages: 135 Category: Civil Engineering

In order to receive a master's degree in civil-soil and soil engineering in March 2013, abstract, different methods are used to stabilize pits, among them nailing method and ink method.

Number of pages: 169 Category: Civil Engineering

Thesis for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering with structural orientation in February. 2013 Abstract: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of improvement and resistance

Number of pages: 170 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of Master's Degree in Civil Engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract: Concrete beam and slab bridges with neoprene supports are among the most common highway bridges in the country.

Number of pages: 235 Category: Civil Engineering

Doctoral dissertation in civil engineering – Earthquake Engineering 2013 Abstract The inappropriate performance of columns in concrete buildings designed and built in the past years causes concern and attention to the amount of A

Number of pages: 108 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation of master's degree in structural engineering February 2019 Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1. General, one of the most important natural events that always affects the lives of human beings

Number of pages: 167 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Master's Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning Abstract The discussion of locating residential complexes is currently one of the most important and influential issues in the discussion of urban land use, and since today's urban centers have very complex construction equipment and buildings have taken on large dimensions and cities have expanded significantly, the importance of ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.A. Degree: Political Geography Abstract: The illegal entry of foreign nationals from the eastern borders to various cities of our country, especially Afghan and Pakistani nationals, has long been considered as one of the problems of the Iranian society, and this issue has been analyzed by experts and experts over the past years from the perspective of social ...

Number of pages: 216 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for M.Sc in Geography and Rural Planning Abstract The importance of various issues and issues of villagers and rural settlements, including the issue of moving villages is very important for a vast country like Iran with a variety of natural features (climate, topography) and social, cultural and ethnic differences along with a large number of sparsely populated and ...

Number of pages: 132 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: Natural Geography, specialization: Geomorphology in environmental planning. Abstract: Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters, which is usually associated with a lot of human and financial losses. Floods every year in the corners of the country cause a lot of damage to economic resources. The occurrence of ...

Number of pages: 170 Category: Social Sciences - Sociology

Master's Thesis Abstract Thinking about the surrounding social phenomena begins when a question occupies the mind of the thinker. Philosophers of science believe that science begins with a problem and the problem will be extracted from the heart of the theory. In this research, while agreeing with the first part of this statement, the author refuses to accept the monopoly of ...

Number of pages: 277 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Educational Department of Human Geography Master's Thesis Research Plan Abstract: The neighborhood is considered as the smallest urban space, the cell of urban life and a dynamic element in proper urban governance. The divisions and boundaries of urban neighborhoods have undergone changes and transformations from the Islamic period to the new period. In the past, neighborhood ...

Number of pages: 158 Category: Psychology

Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, specialization: Industrial and Organizational Dissertation for Master's degree (M.A.) Examining the relationship between occupational stress and mental health with emphasis on the mediating role of coping strategies in the employees of the Jihad Agricultural Organization of Zanjan province. Abstract The main purpose of this ...

Number of pages: 152 Category: Management

Dissertation for M.A. Major: Finance Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between social responsibility and financial and non-financial performance of industrial companies in Golestan province. Corporate social responsibility was measured through a questionnaire containing 43 questions in the field of social responsibility of employees, ...

Number of pages: 170 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

To receive a master's degree in geography and urban planning. Abstract: The extent of how urban services are distributed can play an effective role in the spatial displacement of population and population changes in urban areas, and since one of the criteria of sustainable urban development is paying attention to the balanced distribution of population. Therefore, urban services ...

Number of pages: 101 Category: Textile Industries

Dissertation to receive the master's degree ""M.S.c"" specialization: Textile chemistry and fiber science Abstract: One of the important processes in the completion of textile goods is the underhand improvement in textiles. Finishing the softener provides a desirable softness to the fabric and improves its properties, and the main goals of the softener are to reduce static ...

Number of pages: 205 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Direction: Political Geography of the Balkan Peninsula has always been and is one of the most important regions in world history. It owes its importance to its geographical location, the existence of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, being the gateway to Europe, its proximity to the Near East and the Middle East, its surrounding seas, its ...

Number of pages: 106 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.A."" Orientation: urban planning Abstract One of the criteria of sustainable urban development is paying attention to the balanced distribution of the population and the amount and manner of distribution of urban services, which can play an effective role in the displacement of population space and demographic changes in urban ...

Number of pages: 163 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation to receive a master's degree (M.A) in natural geography, specialization: climatology in environmental planning, abstract: natural disasters have been the most important cause of human concern at all times. Landslides are one of the most important natural disasters that cause financial and human losses every year, which creates problems in the implementation of ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract The power system stabilizer is added to the excitation system in order to improve the damping of the power system during low frequency disturbances. For large-scale power systems that include a large number of connected generators, setting the power system stabilizer parameters will be a complex and ...

Number of pages: 81 Category: Electronic Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering (M.Sc) Abstract The power system stabilizer is added to the excitation system in order to improve the damping of the power system during low frequency disturbances. For large-scale power systems that include a large number of connected generators, setting the power system stabilizer parameters will be a complex and ...

Number of pages: 124 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A.) Direction: Remote Sensing and Urban and Rural Geographical Information System Abstract: Subsidence phenomenon is one of the natural disasters that causes the reduction of underground resources such as underground water, oil, etc. One of the most important causes of land subsidence is the drop in static level and increase in effective ...

Number of pages: 103 Category: Tourism - Tourism

Master's Thesis in Tourism Management Abstract The aim of the current research is to investigate tourism, motivations and factors related to it in Qasrshirin city. Its central theory is based on Chuck's theories. wow Gay, Les Lumsden, Veblen and Peirce are set. The statistical population of this research consists of all households living in Qasr Shirin who travel to and from ...

Number of pages: 76 Category: Management

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Business Administration. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of organizational culture on the organizational commitment of employees. In the present study, the statistical population of the employees and managers of the Insurance Research Institute was selected, and their number was 110. To determine the ...

Number of pages: 227 Category: Geography - Urban Planning

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning Abstract Social justice means respecting the rights of others and respecting public interests. In fact, social justice is the result of social evolution. The realization of social justice depends on the proper distribution of urban public uses and services. The purpose of this research is to investigate the ...

Number of pages: 135 Category: Electronic Engineering

Abstract In recent years, there have been vast advances in the field of image sensors and digital imaging systems, but still theoretical and practical limitations affect the resolution of images taken with these cameras. Super resolution techniques have been developed in recent years to overcome these limitations. These techniques create a higher resolution image by using one or ...

Number of pages: 157 Category: Management

Dissertation for the Master's Degree (M.A.) Major: International Business Abstract of the Dissertation (Includes Summary, Objectives, Implementation Methods, and Results): Organizational awareness is how one can benefit from organizational knowledge to achieve goals, how one can use the acquired knowledge, prescribed practices, official channels of communication and ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in electrical engineering, electronics major. Abstract: In this thesis, a method for identifying Persian vowels in monosyllabic words is presented. For this purpose, after separating the image frames and selecting the frames that were related to the pronunciation of the vowel in the monosyllabic word, as well as extracting the area around the lips, various ...

Number of pages: 181 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree > Direction: Hydraulic Structures Abstract: One of the assumptions that is made to simplify the dynamic analysis of the existing weighted concrete dams is the uniformity of the foundation in terms of physical parameters such as modulus of elasticity and damping. This is despite the fact that, in practice, different geological conditions may ...

Number of pages: 149 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M. Sc."" Field: Agricultural Engineering Major: Water Structures Abstract The sediment transfer process is a completely complex, variable and non-linear phenomenon. So that the behavior of the river in the sediment transfer capacity for a certain discharge is different in different times. Therefore, due to the complexity of the ...

Number of pages: 198 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field: civil engineering, orientation: structure. Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for optimal selection of acceleration maps and their scaling to perform dynamic time history analysis, to achieve the average response spectrum that has a suitable match and a small distance with the target spectrum and represents the ...

Number of pages: 159 Category: Civil Engineering

The effect of fiber and pozzolanic materials on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced concrete Master's Thesis of Civil-Structural Engineering Abstract The failure and destruction of concrete is highly dependent on the formation of cracks and microcracks. With increasing loading, microcracks are connected and form cracks. In order to solve this problem and also to ...

Number of pages: 179 Category: Management

Master's Thesis of Public Administration on the trend of transformation, the first chapter, generalities of the research, introduction, human being is a social being who lives in society from the moment of birth to the end of life and is constantly interacting with other people. He must always learn how to live in society and satisfy his needs. This requires a series of social ...

Number of pages: 232 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering - Earthquake Engineering Abstract The city of Birjand, as the capital of South Khorasan province, is located in the structural zone of Sistan, which is particularly sensitive due to its proximity to seismic and fundamental faults (Neh Khawri and Westi faults in the south, Ardkol fault in the northeast, Nawaz fault in the ...

Number of pages: 192 Category: Management

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (M.A) in public administration, information systems orientation, abstract due to the changes and evolution in the field of IT and the rapid growth of the top technology of the decade. 1990, the pattern of global economic growth has fundamentally changed, as a result of which, knowledge as the most important capital has replaced ...

Number of pages: 175 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract: Investigating the effect of span length on bridge behavior under the simultaneous effect of horizontal and vertical components. Among all types of structures, bridges are one of the pillars of vital arteries that need to be used after an earthquake to provide access to hospitals, fire stations, ...

Number of pages: 155 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering, Structural Orientation Abstract: Today, due to the increasing space limitations and economic savings, it is inevitable to use diagonal bridges to avoid lengthening the route and increase road safety. The diagonal issue of the bridge will cause a different and sometimes complex behavior in the bridge under the effect of the ...

Number of pages: 220 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of structural engineering. Abstract: The increase in vulnerability caused by earthquakes and the large number of earthquake casualties caused by structures and houses that are weak in terms of construction forces people to conduct studies to reduce these risks and damages. Studies such as severe earth movement and seismic hazards related to it play ...

Number of pages: 151 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, soil and foundation, today, due to the progress of the tunneling industry, the need to analyze and design underground structures in rocky environments is felt more than in the past. Although there are many numerical and practical software available in this field, none of them are complete and perfect in all fields, and each of ...

Number of pages: 98 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering, Marine Structures, Abstract: Tension-based platforms are among economic marine platforms for use in deep waters. The correct prediction of the platform's dynamic response to environmental loads is very important in its economic and safe design. In this research, the dynamic behavior of the tension base platform under the ...

Number of pages: 231 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation to receive M.Sc degree in civil engineering, structural orientation. Abstract: One of the ways to strengthen the building against lateral loads is the use of a wind system (convergent or divergent). The increasing use of steel braces to deal with earthquake forces requires that the seismic performance of these types of systems be given more attention. The common ...

Number of pages: 107 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering, Structures, Abstract: This thesis is the results of a numerical and parametric study on the effect of reinforcing reinforced concrete shear wall with FRP composite and applying the results of the finite element method. The finite element program is compared and calibrated against experimental data. Then, the numerical ...

Number of pages: 105 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil-Structural Engineering Today, domes and arches have found wide applications in architectural and industrial structures due to their suitable coverage of large openings. The use of today's technologies in styling and optimizing energy consumption in these types of structures is one of the important challenges facing engineers. Therefore, the need to ...

Number of pages: 86 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis in Civil Engineering-Earthquake Abstract Using braces as a lateral resistance system in steel structures is one of the most common methods to withstand the forces caused by earthquakes. One of the weak points of this system is the compression resistance of the bracing member and its buckling as a result of reducing the member's load. Today, this problem has been ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's Thesis (Civil Engineering - Water and Wastewater Engineering) Abstract: In this study, ram impact pump modeling was done by the software that was prepared. This software finds the outputs of the HAMMER software as input and by obtaining other information (including the pumping height, etc.) it calculates the amount of pumped water every time the valve is suddenly turned ...

Number of pages: 141 Category: Civil Engineering

Master thesis M.Sc. Discipline: Civil Engineering, Orientation: Hydraulic Structures. Abstract River containment is generally done by dams and similar structures. The flow passing through these structures has a significant potential for erosion and scouring of susceptible beds. Relaxation ponds are designed and built mainly for the purpose of depleting flow energy and ...

Number of pages: 161 Category: Management

In order to obtain a master's degree (M.A.) in the field of study: public administration, human resources, the abstract of the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of organizational communication on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the employees of Housing Bank of Gilan province. The method of conducting the present research is ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Computer Engineering

Dissertation to receive a master's degree in computer engineering majoring in artificial intelligence. Abstract Dynamic environments are environments that have the ability to change over time. These changes can happen in different ways, including changes in parameters, objective functions or constraints of the problem. In this regard, a wide field of different sciences such as ...

Number of pages: 95 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.A., Sports Physiology) Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic activity in hypoxic conditions on the concentration of interleukin-6 and 10 in serum in active young men. Seven active young men with an average age of 23.33±1.56 years, weight 67.16±3.14 kg, and height 176±1.76 cm participated in four sessions of ...

Number of pages: 78 Category: Physical Education - Sports

. Introduction In all recorded historical texts, the ability to generate power has fascinated man. Although modern technology has reduced the need for maximal strength levels for normal daily activities, from a scientific and clinical point of view muscle strength is of particular importance for health [1], optimal sports performance [2] and increased quality of life [3]. The ...

Number of pages: 128 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, soil and foundation, in this research, the bearing capacity of the conical pile group and the cylindrical pile group with the same volume are calculated and compared. Due to the lack of numerical studies and modeling by software for conical piles compared to laboratory tests in this field, in this research, the modeling of the ...

Number of pages: 120 Category: Civil Engineering

Abstract Underground facilities are an integral part of modern society and are used for many applications, including subways and railway lines, highways, material storage and water and sewage transportation. is used Underground facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity must withstand both earthquake and static loading. By reviewing the historical cases of ...

Number of pages: 137 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering in the field of earthquakes. Abstract: The introduction of damage generators is very close to the concept of inelastic behavior and, as a result, hysteresis energy. Therefore, it can be said that the hysteresis energy at these levels can be a significant criterion for the design or control of the ...

Number of pages: 109 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, structure, first chapter: introduction 1-1. General One of the most important natural events that has always changed people's lives and sometimes destroyed human civilizations by destroying buildings is earthquake. Therefore, humans have always tried to identify and deal with the dangers caused by earthquakes and still have not ...

Number of pages: 117 Category: Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering Master's Thesis, Soil and Foundation Engineering Abstract In this thesis, in order to analyze the behavior of surface foundations based on reinforced soil, a simple physical method based on the resistance of materials called ""cone method"" is used, which is actually used as an alternative to the exact solution methods that are based on the three-dimensional ...

Number of pages: 131 Category: Physical Education - Sports

Master's thesis in the field of physical education and sports science (movement behavior orientation) Abstract The purpose of this research is to compare 8 weeks of physical fitness training on the physical self-concept of late and early inactive teenage girls. For this purpose, 80 inactive adolescent girls aged 13-15 years were selected in two early and late groups based on the ...

Number of pages: 87 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of civil engineering, structure orientation Alkaline Aggregate Reaction [1] (AAR), is a chemical reaction that occurs in some concrete structures. (AAR) is a reaction between alkaline fluids in the pores and silica aggregates. Concrete failure, including expansion and cracking due to the alkaline reaction of aggregates, is of particular importance. ...

Number of pages: 115 Category: Civil Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of structural civil engineering Abstract: Steel-reinforced concrete is a material that is widely used in civil engineering structures due to reasons such as suitable compressive strength, low cost of preparation and availability of raw materials. But reinforced concrete prepared from cement paste, ordinary aggregates, and steel rebars has weaknesses ...

Number of pages: 165 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (Sc..M) field: civil engineering, specialization: structure, abstract: In recent years, the subject of seismic isolation has been particularly focused on the seismic design of buildings. The main purpose of this work is to isolate the structure from the ground instead of using conventional retrofitting methods The equipment used in ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Civil Engineering - Structural Orientation Abstract: The most basic goal in the seismic design of structures is to prevent the structure from collapsing during severe earthquakes, which is the basis of the governing theory of seismic behavior, the result of investigating the nonlinear behavior of the structure during an earthquake and the ...

Number of pages: 102 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's Dissertation in Power Electricity Abstract: In electrical networks, costs caused by system losses and defects caused by voltage deviations from permissible limits are among the biggest problems that plague power generation, transmission and distribution. Therefore, reducing the costs of planning and operating power systems, and at the same time, observing its limits and ...

Number of pages: 154 Category: Electronic Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of electricity and telecommunications. Abstract Analysis of the compensation error of the platform movement in the quality of radar imaging in stripmap mode. SAR is one of the most important branches of ""remote sensing"" science, which has received the attention of researchers for years due to its wide applications. In Iran, in recent years, ...

Number of pages: 96 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Thesis for Master's degree in the field: Chemical Engineering Abstract Today, tea is one of the most popular drinks among the people of the world, especially in Iran, that's why drying tea leaves is essential for long-term storage. In this research, both a tea leaf and a pile of it were examined and dried. Green tea leaves were dried in the temperature range of 35 to 55 degrees ...

Number of pages: 126 Category: Chemical - Petrochemical Engineering

Master's thesis in the field of chemical engineering (gas engineering trend) in recent years, many horizontal wells have been drilled around the world. The main reason is the ability to increase the level of the tank in contact with the well, which increases the utilization of the well. Well testing is used to identify the models of hydrocarbon reservoirs and to identify their ...

Number of pages: 185 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of civil engineering, structure orientation. Abstract: Today, many reinforced concrete structures that are in operation are more than 75 years old and have been damaged due to natural disasters such as earthquakes and wind, or due to material fatigue or corrosive factors. Maintenance of structures is very important due to ...

Number of pages: 145 Category: Civil Engineering

Dissertation for receiving a master's degree in the field of Civil Engineering (M.Sc) Major: Structure Abstract: The retrofitting of important government buildings, infrastructure facilities and vital arteries due to the increase in terrorist attacks around the world and the possibility of bombings near buildings and urban places is one of the most important discussions in the ...