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Causal relations between the Alawites and the Caliphate (three caliphs, Al-Zubayr and Bani Umayyad)

Number of pages: 226 File Format: word File Code: 32747
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: History
Tags/Keywords: Ahl al-Bayt - Ahl al-Bayt - Al Zubair family - Alevis - Causal relationships - Extra-family marriages - family - Intra-family marriages - Marriage of women - Marwani - successors - the caliph - The three successors - Umayyad caliphs
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  • Summary of Causal relations between the Alawites and the Caliphate (three caliphs, Al-Zubayr and Bani Umayyad)

    Master's thesis in the field of Shia history studies

    The issue of Ahl al-Bayt marriages and their children has been one of the most controversial topics throughout history, which today has received special attention from Shias and Sunnis. This issue is not only raised in academic circles such as universities by Shias and Sunnis, but Sunnis by publishing books in this area and distributing them among the pilgrims have created the question among the mass of people, whether there could have been a relationship between the Ahl al-Bayt and their families with the caliphs, and if so, how was it done? Marriages are considered rejected and they are negated. Therefore, in this thesis, an attempt was made to study, investigate, describe and criticize the causal relationships, that is, the marriage of women and men from the Ahl al-Bayt family with women and men from the families of the first three caliphs, the Umayyad caliphs from both the Sufiani and Marwani branches, and the Al-Zubayr family including the caliph himself, their children and descendants from both sides. Also, by presenting tables and charts, measure and compare the extent of such relationships with the causal relationships of the Ahl al-Bayt with other families.

    The main question that was followed in this thesis is, what has been the relationship between the two sides of the Ahl al-Bayt (Imams of the Ashri tribe and their children and descendants) with the families of the Caliphs, the Triple Caliphs, Al-Zubayr, the Umayyads (Sufiani and Marwani)?

    Also. It was explained that among the few marriages that have been done, the report of marriages with caliphs and their descendants has been recorded. And in the next step, which is beyond the scope of this thesis, the authenticity of these marriages should be checked. The result obtained indicates that the majority of the reports are related to the descendants of Imam Sajjad who married the family of Al Zubair, and these reports were entered into history by the narrators of Zubair, which is worthy of reflection. After that, there are reports of the multiple marriages of Hazrat Sakina, the daughter of Imam Hussain, which has become difficult to determine the truth of the matter due to the anxiety in the traditions. For the marriages of Imam Muhammad Baqir, and for Imam Jafar Sadiq, no report was obtained, and the report of the marriage of the first two imams, Imam Ali and Imam Hassan, with caliphs and their descendants is very insignificant and few compared to other imams and the marriages of the Ahl al-Bayt with people other than the generation of the caliphs.

    Keywords: family, Ahl al-Bayt, caliphs, causal relationships, Alawites, intra-family marriages, extra-family marriages

    Declaration Issue

    This thesis aims to study, examine, describe and criticize causal relationships, i.e. the marriage of women and men from the Ahl al-Bayt family with women and men from the families of the first three caliphs, the Umayyad caliphs from both the Sufiani and Marwani branches, and the Al-Zubayr family including the caliph himself, their children and descendants from both sides. also by presenting tables and charts to measure and compare the degree of such relationships with the causal relationships of the Ahl al-Bayt with other families.

    Research records

    This dissertation aims to investigate the causal relationships of the Alawites with the caliphs and the generation of the caliphate. The Kurds are divided into three categories. The first category is the books that are not issue-oriented and introduce the names of the imams and their children and possibly the names of their wives in the margins. The second caliph or the books written about the marriages of Sakina, the daughter of Imam Hussain and Fatima bint al-Hussein. The third category are books written mostly by Sunnis and in Arabic. Although these books are issue-oriented and report all marriages, their number is small and rarely accessible.

    Books of the first category:

    1 The book Adab al-Taf and the poets of Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) written by Javad Shabhar, published by Dar al-Mortaza in the year 1409 AH 1988 AD

    The first volume of this book contains the names of the wives and children of Imam Hussain, but it does not address the marriage of the children of Imam Hussain or other imams.

    2 books of the Encyclopedia of Karbala written by Labib Bizoon, published by Al-Alami Institute, published in 1427 AH

    This two-volume work has a brief look at the events of Ashura and mentions the names of the children of the Prophet until the children of Imam Hussain.

    This book only deals with Hazrat Ruqiyah, the daughter of Amirul Momineen, and considers the existence of such a daughter to be certain, but does not mention her marriage.

    2 books Hazrat Zainab (peace be upon her) and Sakineh (peace be upon her) written by the late Sheikh Jafar Naqdi.

    This book is detailed, but briefly deals with the marriage of Umar and Umm Kulthum, and he did not accept this marriage. Also, Ruqiyah is the daughter of Fatimah. The Prophet knows that he passed away as a child and died in Medina.

    3 books on the mystery of Omar's marriage to Hazrat Umm Kulthum written by Ali Shahrashtani

    This book deals with the analysis of this marriage and discusses and examines opinions in three historical areas of jurisprudence, but it does not deal with the marriage of the children of other imams.

    4 books on the knowledge of the children and companions of Imam Hossein Ali Akbar, Hazrat Sakina and Muslim bin Aqeel, written by Allameh Abd al-Razzaq Mokaram, translated by Hassan Tarimi

    In the second chapter of the book, he mentioned about the marriage of Hazrat Sakina with the children of Imam Hassan, but he did not discuss about her marriage with the opponents.

    5 The book on the marriage of Umm Kulthum with Omar, written by Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Hosseini Milani, published by the center of Islamic truths, the second edition of 1386, published by Wafa. He has dealt with Umar in Imamiya traditions and finally came to the conclusion that Umar proposed to Umm Kulthum, the daughter of Amirul Momineen Ali (peace be upon him) and the marriage was performed with threats and intimidation and with complete reluctance and reluctance, and Umar did not have any children.

    6 The article "Umar's marriage with Umm Kulthum from the eyes of the outsiders" written by Muhammad Allah Akbari, Tolo magazine, sixth year, number 23, autumn 2016

    This article describes this marriage in detail. This article is also one of the monographs.

    7 Book of the Succession of Muhammad written by Madelong.

    This book in two parts deals with the marriages of Imam Hassan and Uthman bin Affan in detail, but it does not mention the marriages of other imams and their children with caliphs. This book started with the wife of the Prophet Hazrat Khadijah and Fatima bint Asad the mother of Imam Ali, Fatima Zahra the mother of Imam Hasan and Hussain, Fatima the daughter of Imam Hassan the mother of Imam Muhammad Baqir, Fatima the daughter of Qasim Muhammad bin Abu Bakr, Hamida Maghribieh the mother of Imam Kazim, Taktam al-Tahera the mother of Imam Reza, Sakineh the mother of Imam Javad, Samaneh Maghribieh the mother of Imam Ali Al-Hadi, Haditha the mother of Imam Hassan Askari, Narjes the mother of Imam Zaman. which is a source of disagreement, it has not been mentioned about the marriages of the Imams' children.

    9 The book The Mystery of Omar's Marriage with Hazrat Umm Kulthum, written by Professor Ali Shahrashtani, has examined the narrations related to this marriage in hadith, jurisprudential, and historical sources and texts, and has come to the conclusion that even if such a marriage had taken place, it was not out of love and Omar's ugliness and his unruly lusts have been revealed with this marriage, because in the speech It is Umar who said that there is nothing left of ignorance in me, except that I do not care who I give a wife to and from whom I take a wife.

    10 The book Sakina bint Al-Ulam al-Hussein (peace be upon him) written by Ali Muhammad Ali Dakheel

    First, it introduces Sakina, the daughter of Imam Hussein, and that Sakina carried the message of Ashura in Karbala along with her aunt Zainab Risalat Sangin. And then talking about Sakina's marriages, according to the author, Hazrat Sakina did not marry anyone else except her cousin Abdullah Bin Hasan. He rejected Sakina's other marriages.

    11 books from the descendants of Muhaddith written by Ali Akbar Mahdavipour,

    In the first parts of the book, he tries to prove a girl named Sakina for Imam Hussain who was present in Karbala and was the companion of Hazrat Zainab (peace be upon her) and was also among the narrators of hadith, but he did not mention anything about Sakina's marriages and at the end, he referred to the tomb of Hazrat He pays dinner.

  • Contents & References of Causal relations between the Alawites and the Caliphate (three caliphs, Al-Zubayr and Bani Umayyad)

    List:

     

    Introduction. 1

    Statement of the problem. 2

    Research records. 2

    Books of the first category: 3

    Books of the second category: 3

    Books of the third category: 6

    Introduction and criticism of sources. 8

    1 Most of Talib in the family of Abi Talib. 8

    2. 9

    3 Jamrah Ansab al-Arab: 11

    4 Al-Wari’s information on the signs of God: 12

    5 Al-Irshad in the knowledge of Hajjaj Allah ali al-Abad: 13

    6 Al-Fakhri in Ansab al-Talibeen: 15

    7 Tabaqat al-Kabri: 17

    8 Al-Majdi in Ansab al-Talbeen. 19

    9 The death of Imam Amir al-Mu'minin Ali bin Abi Talib: 21

    10 The Quraish genealogy book: 22

    Main question: 23

    Hypothesis: 23

    Research objectives: 23

    Chapter one: 25

    Generalities. 25

    1 Concepts of causal relationships (marriage) 26

    Definition of marriage: literal and idiomatic meaning. 26

    The literal meaning of marriage. 26

    Idiomatic meaning of marriage. 26

    2 families (Ale, Ahl) 28

    Types of marriage. 28

    1- The image of Malik Yamin. 29

    Permanent marriage. 29

    temporary marriage (muta) 30

    insufficiency in marriage. 31

    A) Marrying a Shia man with a Sunni woman. 35

    b) Marriage of a Sunni couple with a Shia wife. 35

    c) Nullification of Nasbi marriage. 36

    Sufficiency from the point of view of Sunnis. 36

    Marriage with a non-Muslim. 43

    The importance of marriage. 48

    Infidel and polytheist terminology. 49

    a) Kufr in words. 49

    b) Kufr in the term. 51

    Islam in jurisprudential terms. 51

    Kafir in jurisprudential terms. 52

    Discussion result: 57

    Ahl al-Bayt interaction with opponents. 58

    1 Interaction with the first Caliph. 62

    2 Interaction with the second caliph: 63

    3 Interaction with the third caliph: 64

    Result. 69

    Chapter Two: 71

    The causal relationships of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) 71

    His children with the Caliphs 71

    First speech: Imam Ali's wives. 72

    A) Reasons for the frequent marriages of Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) 72

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