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  3. Norm avoidance in cultural and social events from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha

Norm avoidance in cultural and social events from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha

Number of pages: 266 File Format: word File Code: 32745
Year: 2012 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Philosophy - Ethics
Tags/Keywords: Cultural events - culture - manners - norm avoidance - Normal pressure - Religious norms - society - tradition
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  • Summary of Norm avoidance in cultural and social events from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha

    Master's Thesis of Nahj al-Balagheh Education

    Abstract

    What supports the culture of a society and causes the growth and advancement and regularity of human life; It is adherence to the wise norms and traditions that religion has determined for humans. However, since divine norms may change based on various factors (carnal desires, different times and places, types of governments, and different cultures); In such a way that it leads to the spread of deviations and non-commitments, therefore, the norms should be strengthened so that the Islamic culture prevails in the society. For this purpose, this research, with a descriptive analysis method, looks at the statements and practical behavior of Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, in Nahj al-Balagheh. It refers to the role of religion in the formation of culture and transmission of values ??and norms. Therefore, it mentions the destructive consequences of norm avoidance and the effective factors in its creation. On this basis, the opening of the way to sin, the loss of content to religion, the reduction of social cohesion and the distortion of culture are among the effects of deviance. Also, all kinds of deprivations (both physical and spiritual, lack of wisdom and insight) and pressures caused by polluted environments (contradictory behaviors, oppression and violation of the material and spiritual rights of people) have been introduced as the most important underlying factors of abnormalities, which cause people to lose their sensitivity to observing norms. Or do them with disgust and eventually free themselves from the norms and become deviant. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with anomalies. In this regard, the position of Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, is to use two methods and behavior, consistent and decisive. As a result, in order to protect the society from damage and adherence to the norms, the motivation to act according to the norms should be strengthened and also efforts should be made to perpetuate the norms with effective supervision in various dimensions. rtl;">Introduction

    Islam, as the last and most perfect divine religion, has presented the best traditions and customs in the direction of human growth and excellence. The great Prophet of Islam and the infallible Imams, peace be upon them, have also been able to present the way and customs of a happy life to Muslims as practical indicators in the implementation of the orders of the Sharia. They founded good and precious traditions, each of which, in turn, purify the center of Muslim life.

    But in the present era, the way and custom of living is changing day by day. In such a way that continuous factors openly and secretly caused the values ??to be abandoned and the true traditions to be forgotten. And people are immersed in confusion between the famous and the bad, norms and anomalies. Therefore, it is possible that open action can provide the ground for norm avoidance, and now the gaps caused by not following these traditions and not adhering to religious norms are seriously evident in the social life of Muslims, and it is like a tangled tangle at the feet of people and officials and governs them. Therefore, without changing their innate values, they should harmonize themselves with the new traditions and norms in order to realize their happiness while fulfilling a healthy and wise social system.

    Therefore, this treatise is written on the axis of Nahj al-Balagha and the words of Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, using library resources entitled "Normal avoidance in cultural and social events from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha". It consists of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter, it deals with generalities and lexical and idiomatic concepts of norm, culture and society from the point of view of lexicographers and experts, as well as Nahj al-Balagha. In the second chapter, it is tried to deal with the relationship between norms, culture and society, and to note the role of norms in how to form a society with a rich religious culture.  On the other hand, by mentioning the consequences of deviations from norms, he has stated the necessary criteria for the desirable and undesirable new norms. In the third chapter, he has analyzed the causes and roots that led to the emergence of this trend..  The most basic individual and social factors that endanger the health of man and society and cause the weakening and disobedience of man to the norms are discussed. Among these things, we can mention psychological motivations and feelings of deprivation, ignorance about religion and the world and lack of sufficient knowledge of them, as well as the pressure and power of environmental factors, polluted communities and unhealthy government methods (normative pressure). Therefore, the extraction of these roots and factors plays a significant role in the development and deepening of norms.

    In the fourth chapter, it deals with the way of dealing with anomalies, according to the life of Amirul Momineen, peace be upon him. Therefore, according to the conditions, two methods of compatibility and determination are discussed as two methods to internalize norms and remove undesirable and wrong norms. In other words, it deals with the revival of forgotten values ??and traditions by means of these two methods.

    As you will notice, in the fifth chapter, he has presented practical solutions from the life of Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, in order to preserve and observe the norms. In this regard, for more adherence and commitment to the norms, two basic criteria, one is to create motivation and the other is effective supervision as two practical and general solutions in both individual and social areas. In this way, the society is invited to a coherent thinking and an organized system of supervision, and an authentic religious culture is formed. Finally, a conclusion and summary of this discussion has been made. Complete is provided. But despite the existing problems and defects, it is hoped that the victory of Babi, however small, will be important for this cause.  

     

     

    Abstract

     

    What keeps the culture of a society and cause human grow up and have a harmony is wise to adhere to the values ??and traditions determined by religion. But since the divine norms may change due to various factors (carnal appetites, various times and places, type of government and different cultures) as if lead to expand Deviations. So we need to strengthen the norms in order to institutionalize Islamic culture in the society. Therefore this research is provided as descriptive-analytical method embarked on the behavior of Imam Ali in Nahj al-balagha. This thesis emphasizes to enrich the culture and transmits values ??and norms and the role of religion and its element refers. Therefore it deals with the devastating effects of normal Ruinous factors. So the items such as normalizing the sin, weakening the religion, reducing social cohesion, distortion of culture are the results of abnormality. Also Types of suspension (Physical and mental, no wisdom, health and insight) and Stress resulting from vicious environments are introduced as important factors of abnormality. It causes people to lose their sensitivity to respect the regarding norms or perform them unwillingly and replace their behavior to Abnormality. In this regard, the position of Imam Ali, using the two practices are coping, both mild and firm behavior. Consequently, to remain safe from harm and to adhere to the norms of society, it must be motivated to do reinforce norms.

    Keywords: norm, custom (tradition), abnormality, culture, society.

  • Contents & References of Norm avoidance in cultural and social events from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha

    List:

    :Generalities

    1-1. Explanation of the research topic and its importance. 4

    1-2. Expression of the main and secondary research questions. 6

    1-2-1. Main questions..6

    1-2-2. Secondary questions..6

    1-3. Assumptions..6

    1-4. Background and history of the research subject. 7

    1-5. Research method..7

    1-6. Research limitations. 8

    1-7. Important and useful words and terms. 8

    1-7-1. Norms.. 8

    1-7-2. Definition of society.. 9

    1-7-3. Culture.. 10

    1-7-4. Social norms. 12

    1-7-5. Religious norms.. 13

    1-7-6. The concept of norm from the point of view of Nahj al-Balagha. 13

    1-7-6-1. Tradition..13

    1-7-6-2. Manners..16

    1-7-6-3. Custom..16

    1-7-6-4. No..17

    1-7-7. Abnormality, perversity and deviance. 17

    1-7-8. The concept of deviation from the norm from the perspective of the Qur'an and the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him. 19

    Chapter Two: The relationship between society, culture and norms

    2-1. The necessity of social life. 22

    2-2. Culture as the foundation of society. 25

    2-3. The influence of cultural factors on Social transformation. 27

    2-4. Religion as a factor in cultural and social changes. 28

    2-5. Relationship between norms and culture. 29

    2-6. Enrichment of culture and society. 31

    2-6-1. Formation of religious government. 31

    2-6-1-1. Beliefs.. 33

    2-6-1-2. Treating justice. 34

    2-6-1-2-1. Understanding time and changing human needs. 35

    2-6-1-2-2. Knowledge of man. 36

    2-6-1-2-3. Implementation of justice, which is the foundation of man's relationship with God. 38

    2-6-1-3. Creating security.. 38

    2-6-1-3-1. The relationship between security and social justice. 40

    2-6-2. Criteria and measurement of norms. 41

    2-6-3. Knowing the origin of norms. 41

    2-6-3-1. The relationship between values ??and norms. 42

    2-6-3-2. The place of values. 42

    A) Innate values. Salim.. 45

    2-6-4-1-1. According to the rule of reason, the preference of God's rule over the rule of ignorance. 45

    2-6-4-2. Experience and teachableness. 46

    2-6-4-3. Correct religious patterns. 46

    2-6-4-4. According to the life-giving nature. 48

    2-6-5. Selection criteria for culture curators and norm creators.53

    2-6-6. Consequences and effects of norm avoidance.55

    2-6-6-1. Opening the way to sin and corruption in society.56

    2-6-2-2. Meaninglessness of religion and ineffective growth and education.58

    2-6-2-3. Deprivation of public trust.59

    2-6-2-4. Reduction of social cohesion and disruption of social rules and customs.60

    2-6-2-5. The emergence of sedition.61

    2-6-2-6. Distortion and destruction of culture.

    2-6-2-7. Divine punishment and death. Society. 64

    Result.. 65

    Chapter 3: Roots and factors of deviance

    3-1. Deprivation of physical and mental health. 67

    3-1-1. Individual differences and mutual influence of body and soul. 68

    3-1-1-1. Physical differences and its relation to inheritance. 69

    3-1-1-2. Physical and mental illnesses. 71

    3-1-1-2-1. Unhealthy foods. 72

    3-1-1-2-2. Failure to fulfill psychological needs and personality disorders. 73

    A) Lack of respect and attention. 74

    B) Making fun of people.. 74

    C) Improper relationships.

    3-1-1-3-1. Moral vices and unpleasant traits.78

    A) Air worship..78

    B) Wonder and self-righteousness..79

    C) Stubbornness..80

    D) Jealousy..81

    E) Lying..82

    F) Anger and Anger..82

    g) Greed and greed..82

    3-2. Deprivation of wisdom and insight. 83

    3-2-1. Lack of correct thinking. 84

    3-2-2.  haste..85

    3-2-3. Satisfied with what you hear. 85

    3-2-4. The standard of setting oneself. 86

    3-2-5. Habit of superstition and baseless opinions. 87

    3-2-6. Wegman's doubt.. 87

    3-2-7. Love and hatred.. 88

    3-2-8. Reasoning and not accepting facts. 88

    3-2-9. Lack of sufficient knowledge of religion. 89

    3-2-9-1. Relationship between reason and religion. 89

    3-2-9-2. Disagreement and incorrect perceptions of religion. 90

    3-2-9-2-1. Lack of monotheistic knowledge. 91

    3-2-9-2-2. Misdirection and slippage of properties. 93

    3-2-9-2-3. Misunderstanding of religious people by the general public. 94

    3-2-10. Lack of sufficient knowledge of the world. 95

    3-2-10-1. The world is a scene of contradictions. 97

    3-2-10-2 Similarity of affairs.97

    3-2-10-2 Similarity of worldly affairs. 97

    3-2-10-3. The world is a field of tests and experiments. 98

    3-2-10-4. The world is a field of deception and being deceived. 99

    3-3. A society polluted and devoid of wise relationships. 99

    3-3-1. Contradictory behaviors in society. 101

    3-3-1-1. Contradictions of people and leaders. 102

    3-3-1-2. Contradictions in behaviors in different forms of hypocrisy. 103

    3-3-2. Indifference. 104

    3-3-2-1. Factors of indifference. 105

    A) Lack of planning and lack of measure. 105

    B) Despair and despair of reform. 105

    C) Habituation and getting used to behaviors. 106

    . 107 D) Irreligion

    E) Immodesty and shamelessness. 108

    f) Laziness and indulgence in doing good and forbidding evil. 108

    g) Humiliation. 109

    h) Absence of reward system and equality between good and bad. 109

    3-3-3. Governance method. 110

    3-3-3-1. The reasons for instability of governments. 111

    3-3-3-1-1. Lack of legitimacy. 111

    3-3-3-1-2. Lack of acceptability. 112

    3-3-3-1-3. Oppression and violation of the material and spiritual rights of people. 113

    A) Unjust laws. 114

    B) Lack of proper social position for qualified people. 115

    C) Spread of poverty and class differences. 116

    3-4. The pressure and determinism of events and the majority's adherence to social behaviors. 120

    3-4-1. Media effects on social behaviors. 121

    3-4-2. The use of coercive and coercive methods by the community leader. 121

    3-4-2-1. Obligatory force is a way to gain power. 122

    3-4-3. Uniformity with the majority to gain the consent of the general society. 126

    3-4-3-1. Incorrect choice of models. 127

    3-4-3-2. Failure to respect limits and boundaries. 128

    3-4-3-2-1. Promotion of ethnicism and personality. Worship. 129

    3-5. Sudden changes. 130

    3-5-1. Change of regime and governments. 131

    3-5-2. Innovations. 131

    3-5-3. Migrations and confrontation of different cultures and beliefs. 132

    Conclusion. 135

    Chapter 4: The life of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in dealing with anomalies

    4-1. Compatibility. 137

    4-1-1. The position of compatibility and tolerance. 138

    4-1-1-1. Tolerance is a manifestation of divine mercy. 138

    4-1-1-2. Friendship and tolerance and increasing faith. 138

    4-1-1-3. Tolerance and the mission of the prophets. 139

    4-1-2. Adaptation and coordination with time changes. 139

    4-1-2-1. Absolute lack of trust in the times. 140

    4-1-2-2. Having insight and a correct vision of the world. 140

    4-1-2-3. Not opposing the orders of religion. 143

    4-1-2-4. Compatibility and coordination with people's abilities. 144

    4-1-2-5. Adaptation and harmony with society's culture. 145

    4-1-3. Positive effects of normality and compatibility in society. 146

    4-1-3-1. Organizing affairs. 146

    4-1-3-2. Creating a spirit of fairness and protecting them. 146

    4-1-3-3. Popularity and removing causes of enmity

    4-1-3-4. Strengthening individual social connections

    4-1-3-4-1. Affection and kindness. 149

    4-1-3-4-2. Tolerance and tolerance. 150

    4-1-3-4-3. Forgotten and passed. 151

    4-1-3-4-4. Good faith in others. 153

    4-1-3-4-5. Sympathy and benevolence. 154

    4-1-3-4-6. Humility and respect for others. 155

    4-2. Reaction and decisive action. 156

    4-2-1. An all-out fight with the devil of ignorance and illiteracy. 157

    4-2-1-1. The existence of scholars and the link between science and practice. 158

    4-2-1-2. Recognition of anomalies. 159

    4-2-1-3. Attention to the type of science and knowledge. 160

    4-2-2. Changing and breaking traditions and wrong ideas. 160

    4-2-2-1. Dealing with relationship-oriented culture. 160

    4-2-2-2. Dealing with the culture of deception. 161

    4-2-2-3. Fighting against the tradition of fault-finding and unfair rationing. 162

    4-2-2-4. Dealing with the tradition of honoring kings. 162

    4-2-2-5. Dealing with the tradition of accepting gifts among brokers. 163

    4-2-2-6. Fighting monasticism and distortion of asceticism. 163

    4-2-2-7. Struggle with the distortion of Qada and Qadr. 164

    4-2-3. Eradicate sins. 165

    4-2-3-1. Endurance and persistence against sensual desires. 165

    4-2-3-1-1. Transformation of bad habits and moods. 166

    4-2-3-1-2. Prejudice in meritorious traits. 167

    4-2-3-1-3. Persistence in righteous action. 168

    4-2-3-2. Influence in different conditions of society. 168

    4-2-4. Determination in the execution of justice.

Norm avoidance in cultural and social events from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha
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