Reason and narration as a criterion for evaluating the statements of theoretical mysticism

Number of pages: 149 File Format: word File Code: 32738
Year: 2014 University Degree: PhD Category: Philosophy - Ethics
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  • Summary of Reason and narration as a criterion for evaluating the statements of theoretical mysticism

    Doctoral Dissertation in the field of Sufism and Islamic mysticism

    Abstract

    Theoretical mysticism is not based on the theories of infallibility, unmeasurable and indescribability, but based on the theory of quantification of mystical statements. This is the level of a cognitive system that supervises the propositions of theoretical mysticism and measures them based on the principles contained in it, which are in some way the proof of truth, as criteria appropriate to those propositions. are non-basic. Basic criteria are essential, real and certain criteria that are absolutely true and therefore infallible, incontrovertible, undeniable and irrefutable. But the non-basic criteria are limited, gradual and theoretical criteria that are conditionally true; Although there is a possibility of truth, there is a possibility of error, denial and falsification in them.

    The basic criteria in the religious level of protests are called pre-ijtihad evidence, positive evidence, sufficient evidence, the source of a conclusion in the specific sense and fixed evidence, and the non-basic criteria in this level are called ijtihad evidence, concrete evidence, conditional evidence, the source of a cut in the general sense, and variable evidence. But the basic criteria in the rational level are called essentials, which are general principles, pre-experiential, pre-argumentative, and necessary for truthfulness, and non-basic criteria are the same theories, which are non-universal principles, argumentative, but pre-experiential, and possible for truthfulness and error. 

    The religious scale is a monitoring device on theoretical mysticism propositions that measures those propositions based on religious evidence, and this measurement is first done with protests, which is enough to simply extract and directly supply the propositions to them; But if such a criterion is not obtained, one should go to the qualifications, which are done after extracting the results and deriving the ijtihad of the appropriate reason for the measurement. But the intellectual level is a measuring device overseeing theoretical mysticism, which evaluates mystical propositions based on rational principles. This measurement is first done with the essentials, which is done by simply extracting and directly presenting propositions to them, and if such a criterion is not obtained, then the measurement is done with non-basic criteria, i.e. the corresponding theories that are obtained by pure reasoning method. Necessities and theories

    Explanation of the research topic

    Islamic mysticism has been scientifically embodied in two branches; One is practical mysticism called the science of behavior and the other is scientific and theoretical mysticism called the science of observation and revelation. Each of these two has an independent structure along with the subject and related issues and is a set of mystical propositions.

    This research aims to examine and explain the criteria for measuring propositions of theoretical mysticism as one of the issues of epistemology in the field of philosophy of theoretical mysticism. On this basis, what is the criterion of the truth and error of the statements of theoretical mysticism? That is, if logical truth means the correspondence of the statement with reality, by what criteria can the correspondence of theoretical mysticism propositions with reality be measured? Either those who are not intuitive, but appreciating the cognitive value of mystical propositions, are looking for the truth with the element of certainty to find out what is right and avoid error, or those who are intuitive and have reported their observations. because there is a possibility of error in their report; For example, they may have been influenced by their presuppositions and beliefs, and they may have been influenced by it while reporting, and their description may have been colored. Therefore, they need a standard to know the rightness and wrongness of their report. 

    Based on this, this research has these questions: did the mystic understand the truth and the text of the truth and the reality as it really is, and did he report it in the same way; Or not, the intuition of reality was based on previous beliefs and propositions were based on those beliefs, or if he perceived the essence of reality as it actually is, did he understand the type of reality and describe it correctly and gave a verdict in accordance with the reality, or not, did he only see the essence of reality and made a mistake in distinguishing the type of reality and made a mistake in the position of description and judgment and reported the doubt of reality instead of reality? What is the criterion and degree of distinguishing right from wrong?

        Regarding the analogy between reasonable and sensible, we can mention this example: someone saw a piece of wood half of which was submerged in water, and in the reporting position, he ruled that the piece of wood was broken in half; But the other one has avoided the ruling that the wood was broken and denied the report of the wood being broken. Which one has reported correctly and issued an honest verdict? Have they seen both the facts? Or have they really seen the essence of the fracture, but they have differed in the ruling on the type of fracture? Which one is right and which one is wrong? What is a weighing scale? Here, the criterion for distinguishing right from wrong is the law of refraction of light in physics. The first one, although he did not make a mistake in seeing and actually saw the fracture, but he made a mistake in the description and judgment, and instead of ruling on the refraction of light at the point of intersection of wood and water, he ruled on the fracture of wood.

    In fact, if measurement in theoretical mysticism is not pursued prominently and the question of criteria is not answered correctly, it will never be possible to distinguish truth from opinion and based on intellectual trust and Tamaninah accepted the mystical propositions with a calm heart and adhered to them in ontological issues; He resolved the conflicts in those propositions; He achieved certain mystical principles; He transformed those principles into general intellectual principles; He touched upon the reformist architecture of theoretical mysticism and made mystical ontology close to religious ontology. According to this explanation, the research question focuses on what is the criterion for measuring those propositions; By what standard can we measure what has been inherited from the mystics as mystical propositions and which the researchers are faced with, in order to obtain the correctness and error of those propositions? This question is the main and central topic of the research of this treatise. In the tradition of theoretical mysticism, this amount is divided into two types, which are valid for some reasons and can be used as criteria: one is the amount of religion that relies on narrative statements and the other is the amount of reason that relies on rational statements.

    What is the meaning of reason and narration? The meaning of intellect as a measure in the culture of mysticism is intellectual knowledge, which is organically composed of two types of criteria; One is basic criteria such as essentials and the other is non-basic criteria such as theories. The meaning of narration as a measure in the culture of mysticism is all the sets of epistemological and belief propositions that are taken from the book and tradition and are divided into two types of basic criteria such as protests and non-basic criteria such as praises and are placed in the position of measurement. A complete review of the nature and authenticity of each of these two measures along with the definition and description of the basic and non-basic criteria in each of these two measures is done in this treatise. God willing.

    The main question of the research

    How are intellect and narration a criterion for measuring the statements of theoretical mysticism? 

    Research Sub-Questions

    What is the process of converting intuition into propositions?

    What is the theory of the measurability of mystical propositions?

    What is the necessity and purpose of measuring mystical propositions?

    Criteria And what is the method of evaluating the statements of theoretical mysticism? What are the components, authorities and types of religious standards? What are the components, authorities and types of rational criteria?

    Research background

    Theoretical mysticism is a collection of interpretations of intuitions.

  • Contents & References of Reason and narration as a criterion for evaluating the statements of theoretical mysticism

    List:

    Presentation_A

    Assessment B

    Abstract C

    General_1

    Explanation of the research topic_2

    Main research question_4

    Research sub-questions_4

    Research background_4

    Hypothesis and Its relationship with the competing hypothesis-5

    Research objectives-6

    Research application-7

    Research method-7

    Research structure-7

    Research innovations-8

    Chapter one: entry_10

    First speech: the process of intuition occurrence and its transformation into proposition 11

    First area: In-person-intuitive perception process 11

    First principle: occasion_14

    Second principle: in-person communication 16

    Third principle: influence 18

    Second area: conceptual-propositional perception process 21

    A. Descriptive sentences_ 24

    B. Explanatory propositions_ 25

    C. Interpretive propositions 25

    d. Inferential propositions_ 27

    e. Comparative Propositions 29

    The Second Speech: Measurability of Theoretical Gnostic Propositions 32

    A. The theory of infallibility 32

    B. Theory of incommensurability 34

    C. The theory of indescribability 35

    d. Measurability Theory 39

    Principle: Law of Criterion 40

    A. Criticism of the theory of infallibility 42

    B. Criticism of the theory of indescribability 46

    c. Criticism of the theory of incommensurability 48

    Third speech: The necessity and purpose of measuring the propositions of theoretical mysticism 51

    The first paragraph: The necessity of measurement_ 51

    The second paragraph: The purpose of measurement_ 57

    A. Correcting the defects of expressions and expressions of mystics 57

    B. Going from consistent imitation to scholarly criticism in the research of mystical teachings - 61

    c. Evaluative examination of the presuppositions of mystical propositions- 66

    The first principle: the delay of the proposition from intuition 66

    The second principle: The influence of the proposition from belief 68

    The fourth statement: the criterion and method of evaluating the propositions of theoretical mysticism 71

    A. Criteria for measuring mystical propositions_ 71

    First paragraph: The concept of theoretical mysticism 72

    Second paragraph: Examples of theoretical mysticism 74

    B. The method of measuring mystical propositions_77

    Pre-measurement stage_77

    Measurement stage_78

    Chapter two: Religious measure_80

    First speech: Identification of religious measure_81

    First area: Nature of religious measure_82

    Second area: Types of religious measure_84

    A. Practical level and scientific level_85

    B. The degree of formation and the degree of compilation_ 88

    c. The general measure and the partial measure-90

    The third area: Why the religious measure-94

    The first paragraph: The types of present knowledge 96

    The second paragraph: The present knowledge of the perfect and innocent human being 97

    The third paragraph: The infallibility of the perfect and innocent human being in obtaining, perceiving and expressing 99

    The second discourse: The nature of religious criteria in the religious measure_104

    Protests and Tanjizat_106

    First: texts and appearances 113

    First field: texts_115

    Second field: appearances 116

    First paragraph: the process of emergence_117

    Second paragraph: Strengthening the emergence of serious confirmation 119

    Second: strong and similar 122

    Paraz The first: a solid and similar definition 124

    The second paragraph: The solid and similar types 126

    The third paragraph: The relationship of texts and appearances with the facts and similarities_ 128

    The third speech: An example of religious assessment_ 130

    The first paragraph: The straight path from the perspective of mysticism 131

    The second paragraph: The straight path from the perspective of the Qur'an 133

    Chapter Three: The Intellectual Level_138

    First Speech: Criticism of Irfan and Reason_139

    Criticism of Intellect's Inability to Perceive Facts_144

    Second Speech: Identification of the Intellectual Level_151

    First Paragraph: The Nature of the Intellectual Level_151

    Second Paragraph: The Area of ??the Intellectual Level_ 156

    A. Previous theory of foundation 156

    B. The theory of the new foundation 159

    Third speech: rational criteria in the rational level_163

    First paragraph: Necessities and theories_164

    Completion: Criticism of reason for the error of perception_166

    Second paragraph: Criteria for recognizing the truth of theories_172

    A. Previous foundation theory (= reference theory) 172

    B. The theory of the new foundation (= the theory of criticism of reason by reason) 178

    Third paragraph: validation of theories_189

    Fourth speech: example of rational assessment_193

    First paragraph: The nature of a partial intrinsic application from the perspective of mysticism 193

    Second paragraph: Criticism of the mystics' view on the interpretation of intrinsic application_195

    Conclusion and conclusion 199

    Bookname 216

     

    Source:

    Quran Majid,

    Nahj al-Balagha, translated by Seyyed Jafar Shahidi, Tehran, Co.The theory of the new foundation (= theory of criticism of reason by reason) 178

    Third paragraph: Validation of theories_189

    Fourth speech: Example of rational assessment_193

    First paragraph: The nature of a partial intrinsic application from the perspective of mysticism 193

    Second paragraph: Criticism of the mystics' view on the interpretation of intrinsic application_195

    Conclusion and conclusion 199

    Bookname 216

     

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Reason and narration as a criterion for evaluating the statements of theoretical mysticism