Diversity of beliefs in the thought of Ain al-Qadat Hamadani

Number of pages: 92 File Format: word File Code: 32700
Year: 2012 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Philosophy - Ethics
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    Master's Thesis in Sufism and Islamic Mysticism

    Abstract

    Various beliefs about a single subject may or may not be contradictory beliefs. When we are faced with beliefs that seem to contradict each other, we are forced to either accept one of the contradictory sides and reject the other, or try to resolve the contradiction and find a way to prevent diversity in beliefs from leading to contradiction. The latter option is the issue that has been investigated in this research. By finding a capability in beliefs that can prevent them from leading to contradictions, we can have a basis for accepting diverse beliefs in front of each other, and in the shadow of that, we can resolve some ideological differences.

    Among the mystic philosophers who have shown a special desire to resolve ideological differences in this way, is Ain al-Qadat Hamdani. In many places of his works, he has pointed out the differences of opinion that exist between people and resolved these differences. The judge's efforts in this direction can be considered in three stages. The first step is to negate prejudice. The second step is his criticism of judging based on misunderstanding. He considered judging based on a wrong understanding to be a serious harm in the search for truth. The third stage is his criticism of pointless interpretations.

    One

    The examination of the above three stages shows that he has argued based on epistemological and linguistic presuppositions for a purpose other than accepting differences of opinion. Although some of the linguistic issues that he has mentioned during the discussions have the possibility of being in line with the acceptance of differences of opinion, but he has tried to use them to achieve his goal, which is a special type of inclusivity, based on which diverse beliefs should be interpreted in a way that they all point to a single belief.

    Preface

    1. These days, researching and writing about mystical works and the thoughts of mystics is quite difficult. On the one hand, we are faced with those who are interested in this field, who have no idea but to repeat the words of the predecessors, and on the other hand, we are faced with critics who see many errors in every line of the mystics' works. But in the meantime, detailed, critical and creative researches are not very prosperous. In the process of carrying out this research, I realized that our research today is not a continuation of the steps that were taken yesterday, but we have to look for the support of our research in tens and hundreds of years ago. This issue is not a trivial injury that can be simply ignored.

    This remoteness makes the audience who live in today's intellectual environment unable to establish a meaningful connection with the intellectual and spiritual heritage of their ancestors. We cannot expect the people of today to exile themselves to hundreds of years ago to find out what the likes of Ain al-Qadat had in mind. It is the duty of researchers in this field to find the missing links between the past generations and the thoughts of today's people and to re-establish this lost connection.

    In the words of one of my friends, the research on the thoughts of people like Ain al-Qadat is like pulling out an underwater island. Pulling out this island means rereading these works and ideas in a way that they can influence the thoughts and lives of today's audience. Carrying out this task, on the one hand, requires patience and empathy with the past in order not to lose anything from understanding their thoughts, but on the other hand, it also requires a sharp and critical eye to correct the unseen, seen and errors. We must pay attention to the fact that the people of our time have a different situation from the past in terms of thought and way of life, although they share many aspects with them. What is most important for us is to be able to benefit from the legacy of the past and to leave a valuable legacy for the future. Ain al-Qadat is one of the mystic philosophers whose works are available to us today.According to the author, the sad manner of his death at a young age has increased the motivation of future generations to protect and respect his works. With this description, it cannot be said that appreciable researches have been done about his thoughts. Most of the books and articles written in connection with him do not contain content other than repeating his words, although with certain selections. Repetitions that, if not at least presented in a creative way and with a new order, will be boring and deprive the reader of the pleasure of reading the sources directly. Except in a handful of cases, it is not possible to observe an innovative and influential method in mystical researches in these works. Discussions that even today, after many years, still have a strong presence in the battle of philosophical opinions. Paying attention to these flashes prompted the author to organize a research in the light of which a significant part of such issues will be examined. The issue of differences in people's opinions, which can be seen in various places in Qazi's works, was a debate that is still discussed from different angles today. In addition, other issues were raised in the margins of this debate, which are also considered among the important and controversial issues of philosophy in our time. Apart from that, this discussion had another special feature, and that was the revelation of a considerable part of the judge's intellectual system and his way of thinking in light of it. With this description, the main motivation for organizing this research was formed in the writer's mind.

    3. The problem of difference of opinion in today's discussions of philosophy can be found under the title of epistemological pluralism [1]. It was possible to examine the judge's point of view regarding the difference of opinion in comparison with the issues of epistemological pluralism, but it seemed possible to conduct this research in a more precise way. It is very clear that the judge's words have a different context from today's epistemological discussions, and it is impossible to simply put these two together. Finally, it was decided to take a step forward into the discussion of epistemological pluralism and instead of raising it in general, we will put only one of its pillars under the microscope and start the discussion from the issue of the ability of beliefs to be diverse. Paying attention to this deeper and more internal issue would also bring us closer to the context of the judge's thought. Our intention is only to reread and gain a new understanding of the judge's words. Of course, an understanding that is compatible with the requirements of today's thought. During the debates, we have tried as much as possible to pay attention to the history and geography of the debates and clarify the position of each issue in its context and the fate it has found in our thinking today.  

    In some cases we have had to refer to Greek and Latin texts. It has been tried to use the original texts in most cases and make translations directly from the original language. But as those who are familiar with these two languages, especially Greek know, the special flexibility that exists in these languages ??makes even the leading translators disagree on the translation of some phrases. According to this point, the translations made by prominent European Greek scholars such as Diles, Guthrie and It has also been done in front of the writer so that the lack of familiarity with the subtleties of the Greek and Latin languages ??does not cause mistakes in the translation of phrases.

    In the cases where the two terms object and subject and their derivatives were intended, in most cases the French phonetic equivalent (object and subject) which is better known in Persian language was used; Except in a few cases where the interpretations of object and mind or inside and outside have been more expressive.

    In order to set up the bibliography part, a special method has been followed that is observed in some valid scientific works today. According to this method, the date of the first publication of the work is inserted in parentheses after the author's name and the date of publication of the version used by the author is inserted at the end.

  • Contents & References of Diversity of beliefs in the thought of Ain al-Qadat Hamadani

    List:

    The first chapter; General 1

    1.1. Operational definition of concepts 2

    1.1.1. Belief 2

    2.1.1. Diversity in beliefs 3

    3.1.1. Diversity of beliefs 4

    2.1. Theoretical foundations of diversity of beliefs 6

    1.2.1. Diversification based on the dynamics of the subject of belief 6

    2.2.1. Diversification based on the dynamics of the believer 7

    3.2.1. Diversity of beliefs based on the dynamics of belief expression 9

    4.2.1. Diversity of beliefs based on a combination of dynamic factors 11

    3.1. Ain al-Qadat Hamdani 12

    1.3.1. Works 14

    1.1.3.1. 15. 2.1.3.1. Provisions 16

    3.1.3.1. Shakoi-ul-Gharib 17

    4.1.3.1. Letters 18

    2.3.1. Methodology of works 19

    1.2.3.1. The concept of speech 20

    1.1.2.3.1. Plato 20

    2.1.2.3.1. Aristotle 21

    3.1.2.3.1. Gadamer 23

    2.2.3.1. Ain al-Qadat and speech 25

    4.1. Statement of problem 28

    5.1. Hypotheses 29

    6.1. Background 30

    The second chapter; The judge's point of view about the difference of opinion and its connection with diversity of beliefs 34

    1.2. Income 35

    six

    2.2. Criticism of prejudice 36

    1.2.2. The concept of prejudice 36

    2.2.2. Value judgment about the role of prejudices in understanding 37

    3.2.2. Similarities and the problem of prejudice 39

    3.2. Criticism of misunderstanding 42

    1.1.3.2. Two perceptions of the nature of language and the problem of comprehension evaluation 44

    2.3.1.2. Ain al-Qadat and evaluation of understanding 48

    1.2.1.3.2. Qadrian's opinion 48

    2.2.3.1.2. Sophists' opinion 52

    3.2.1.3.2. The relationship between nouns and pronouns 65

    4.2.1.3.2. Moral change 68

    5.2.1.3.2.  Other examples 71

    2.3.2. Result 73

    4.2. Criticism of pointless interpretations 74

    5.2. Result 77

    The third chapter; Basics and presuppositions of the judge about differences of opinion 80

    1.3. Income 81

    2.3. Epistemological foundations and assumptions 81 3.3. Linguistic foundations and assumptions 92 1.1.3.3. Aristotle and Fararawi from the normal meaning of the word 93

    2.1.3.3. Muslim and Farawi linguists from the normal meaning of the word 94

    1.2.3.3. Permissibility and metaphor in terms of Ain al-Qadat 99

    2.2.3.3. Similarity in terms of the same terms 103

    Result 108

    1.4. Summarizing the viewpoint of Ain al-Qadat 109 2.4. The point of view of Ain al-Qadat and the problem of the diversity of beliefs 111

    Bibliography 113

     

    Source:

    Ain al-Qadat and short writings

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    Tamahidat, edited by Afif Asiran, Manouchehri, Tehran, 2006

    Shak al-Gharib, edited by Afif Asiran, Darbilbon, Paris, 2005

    Namahs of Ain al-Qadat, edited by Alinqi Manzavi and Afif Asiran, Vol. 1, 2 and 3 Asatir, Tehran, 1377

     

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Diversity of beliefs in the thought of Ain al-Qadat Hamadani