Examining swearing and cursing in verses and hadiths

Master's thesis in the field of Quranic studies

Abstract

The subject of curses is one of the first issues in the Islamic world, but also in the human world and it affects Muslim and non-Muslim societies, and it has wide moral, social and political dimensions, and its psychological and propaganda aspects are impressive and can be discussed and investigated a lot. Islam and dealing with various followers and issues have been raised and are being challenged.

The important issue that will be raised here is that, unfortunately, the issue of cursing and cursing has not been completely separated, and in some cases it has been discussed in such a way that some people with good intentions consider cursing and cursing to be prohibited in the same measure, in the case that these two are different from each other both in meaning and ruling, and each has different examples, cursing and cursing. It is absolutely forbidden, even to a malicious and unbelieving enemy. As the Qur'an has specified, but cursing is permitted in certain cases, and its permissible and non-permissible cases are specified in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. The main goal and main focus of our discussion in this project is to first separate these two issues, and then express the words related to them, mention the cases and examples of each, and counter it with evidence from the Qur'an and the Sunnah of fatwas. Let the jurists address the cases of the permissibility and impermissibility of cursing and cursing, pay attention to the spiritual and ruling difference between them, and at the end, the promotion of cursing and the expression of the ruling of cursing God and the Prophet have been mentioned, and the worldly consequences of the hereafter and the ways of its treatment have been examined, so that by revealing the truth, we have given a firm and decisive answer to the naysayers and those who accuse the Shia of insulting the Companions.

Key words: Sab, Cursing, cursing, cursing, cursing and anger.

Introduction

The Holy Quran is a book of guidance, construction and coexistence that comprehensively includes all other divine books, and this book has stated principles and rules in all matters needed by mankind. The moral orders of Islam and the Qur'an have a rational and logical point of view in the direction of human guidance, as reason alone has not understood the goodness and ugliness of everything, and the Shariah also expresses a special order to emphasize it and guide people. In other words, just as the ugliness of oppression, lies and slander has been expressed with rational reasoning, the Holy Sharia also says: "And God does not love the oppressors" "And God does not love the unruly" and "In Allah, Yamar Bal Adl wa Al-Ihsaan" "In truth, God commands justice and goodness". Religious issues have been emphasized a lot.

Regarding curses and cursing, the Qur'an's view is on the same side as the conventional and rational view and confirms the natural and innate tendencies of human beings. That is, just as common sense and reason, cruel and tyrannical behavior, Satan, those who prevent the growth and perfection of man and cause the destruction of the plow and the generation, and condemns the spreaders of corruption and seeks disgust from those who engage in them, the Qur'an also condemns and curses such people and asks Muslims not to follow the path of such groups and to keep them away from the Islamic society.

The project is "Cursing and Cursing in the Quran and Hadiths". This project consists of five chapters:

The first chapter covers concepts and generalities, including the literal and idiomatic meaning of curse and cursing, as well as words related to these two, such as: cursing, blasphemy, stoning, acquittal, etc.

In the second chapter, the causes of curses and curses are mentioned:

Curses of curses such as: habit and anger.

Curses of curses such as: pride, intentional killing of a believer, insulting God and the Prophet (PBUH) and . .

In the third chapter, which consists of two parts, we have mentioned the cursers and the cursed.

Cursers such as: God, angels, all people and .

The cursed ones such as: Satan, hypocrites, disbelievers and . .

And we have examined the worldly and hereafter negative effects and consequences of cursing.

Worldly consequences such as: inciting others to slander, creating enmity, creating hypocrisy and hypocrisy and so on. ..

The afterlife consequences such as: deprivation of heaven and entering the fire of hell have been discussed in the fourth chapter on the background of cursing and cursing, examples of cursing of the enemies of the Ahl al-Bayt have been mentioned, and the view of Islam and the ruling of the curse of God, the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt around them have been taken into consideration, and the worldly and afterlife events and the ways of their treatment have also been mentioned.

And in the chapter The fifth is the conclusion of the discussions. The research of this project is a library method and all the materials have been collected through data collection, and the principles of work are more in the research of Quranic verses and hadith books, interpretation and ethics. has love of nature; Therefore, it is obvious that the self is of great importance in his opinion and that he pays attention to himself; And this person should strive to know his perfections and the way to reach them; All human efforts and efforts are made to provide human benefits and interests; So knowing man and his perfections is necessary to achieve this goal. When man reaches his true value and realizes that he was created to achieve a high goal, he tries to avoid the factors that prevent him from reaching perfection and reaching the truth, and if he falls into the trap of those factors, he finds a way to get rid of these dangers. And one of these dangers is curse and curse, which is one of the ugly traits that causes the animal spirit to move and human actions that are the actions of children and madmen; It is natural that in such a state, man is deprived of reason, thought, and the blessing of thought and understanding, which is one of the highest privileges of humans compared to animals, and he can no longer use the light of reason as his guide and distinguish right from crookedness in its light. What we pursue in this research is to find an answer to these questions: 1- What do cursing and cursing mean? 2- What are the causes and contexts of cursing and cursing? 3- Who are the cursers and the cursed in the Qur'an and hadiths? Cursing Muslims, especially the Companions, causes debauchery and disbelief. They consist of a wide range of ethical, social and political aspects, with their mental and promotional ones being especially significant and debatable.

Thus, this issue enjoys a quite long history and, as it will be pointed out further here, it has been, it is now, encountered at least within the Islamic world in facing multiple ideologies and their followers. One important point to be made here is that unfortunately, revilement and curse have not been thoroughly distinguished, and in some cases, a mixture of both is seen in such a way that, having good faith, some people may regard curse and insult both as forbidden in themselves; while they are totally different, both in concept and in the judicial decision made against them.  Each of them involves different instances. Revilement and insult is absolutely forbidden, even in the case of arguing with malevolent enemies or atheists, as explicitly stated in the Holy Quran.  However, curse has been considered to be admissible in some cases, and the cases of its permission and non-permission have been clearly stated in the Holy Quran & traditional practices as well. Our discussion here is mainly on, first, distinguishing these two issues, then, stating the terminology related to each of them and suggesting their instances. In contrast, with reliance on the reasons expressed in the Holy Quran and Tradition, and on the basis of fatwas made by jurisprudent theologians, instances of permission and avoidance of curse will be included.  Also some attention will be paid to the differences in meaning and juridical decision lying between them.

Eventually, some reference has been made to a prevalence of revilement and curse.