The mystical opinions of Saeed Noorsi Badiul Zaman based on the generalities of Rasail Al-Nur

Master's Thesis in Sufism and Islamic mysticism

Abstract

Great mystics have played a role in the crucial stages of the social and intellectual life of Muslims; Perhaps the most important period that can be mentioned is the period after the Mongol invasion and the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. These mystics and mystics, despite all the criticisms, were able to re-order social and intellectual life. Badi al-Zaman Saeed Nursi (1876 AD/1294-1960 AD/1379 AD) mystic, Quranic scholar, dawat and reformer, one of the greatest and most influential Kurdish religious, political and cultural men of contemporary Turkish descent, after the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate, once again tried to play this important role. The mystical opinions of Noorsi, which are presented in the generalities of Rasail al-Nur, take a step, even a small one, in the direction of better and more familiarization of this prominent contemporary mystic to the scientific community of Iran. Based on the evidence and clues, Noorsi first followed the Naqshbandi Tariqa; But finally, inspired by the Qur'an, he invented the Nouri Tariqat based on four Qur'anic terms: helplessness, poverty, compassion and thinking, which he explained in the generalities of Rasa'il al-Nur. In particular, his influence is more evident than Naqshbandiyya. The researcher has chosen a library method for his research.

Key words: Badi al-Zaman Saeed Nursi, Rasail al-Nur, Nouri tariqat, faith truths, salvation of faith, Turkish Sufism

Statement of the problem

Although so far, works have been written sporadically about the introduction of Badi al-Zaman Nursi's personality, works and thoughts, and in some cases also based on his mystical and spiritual views. It has been noticed, but what has caused motivation and scientific enthusiasm to address this issue: mystical views, the important position of these views is the emergence of several tariqats based on their mystical views, especially the Nursiyya Tariqat in Turkey and its many followers in Turkey, neighboring countries of Türkiye and other parts of the world. Despite the scientific research and numerous international congresses about Badi al-Zaman Nursi and his opinions, a systematic, coherent and comprehensive research that includes the majority of his mystical opinions has rarely been done. The other is to collect their mystical information in a topical and categorized manner. Among them, information such as Nursi's criticisms of some mystical topics, persons and tariqats; Devotion to some mystics; Establishing Noori Tariqat based on the Quran; criticizing the unity of existence, tending to the unity of intuition; and definitions, terms of Sufism and mysticism and It is presented to be useful for researchers and enthusiasts, especially researchers in the field of Sufism and Islamic mysticism. In this research, written sources in Arabic and sometimes in English have been used, and its innovation is the analysis and analysis of the dimensions and angles of Noorsi's mystical views in a methodical manner and relying on first-hand sources. 2- Importance and necessity of the problem.

Badi al-Zaman Noorsi's mystical views have had a very obvious role in his personality and social, political and cultural life as a revivalist of Islamic thought, a reformer, a political theorist, a scholar of the Qur'an and an interpreter of the Qur'an in the Islamic world, especially in Türkiye. Unparalleled activities such as Nursi in the fight against colonialism, secularism, atheism, religious and moral reform of the ruling body, have played a worthy role in reviving religious thought, spreading Islamism, saving people from tyranny and colonialism. Investigating the prominent role of Nursi in defending the Quran and Islam, against the conspiracy of the Westerners, who intended to destroy the Quran and destroy the strong relationship between the Quran and Muslims, led to the writing of Rasa'il al-Nur over the course of thirty-four years. shows it in his mystical views. Also, his great role and influence in the unity and brotherhood between Islamic religions, especially the effort to create dialogue and dialogue between the two Shia and Sunni religions, is an expression of his mystical and Quranic belief in the approximation of Islamic religions to each other.

3- Objectives of the research

The most important goal of this research is to investigate the mystical views of Badiul Zaman Nursi, especially to introduce his method in establishing a new tariqat using Quranic words; In addition to these other goals of this research; Acquaintance with Nursi's mystical innovations in the expansion and revival of Islamic culture and spirituality; Using the capabilities of the Quran, ethics and mysticism to confront the invasion of Western colonial culture by means of saving the Quran and its teachings from desolation; And confronting the growth and expansion of secularism, atheism and westernization among the Islamic government and nation, especially in Turkey. If this research proves that Nursi, with his mystical innovations and fundamental changes in this regard, has been able to leave a multifaceted mystical, political, scientific, and approximate character, with great influence, from the fundamental and practical aspect, it shows the deep influence and role of Islamic mysticism in the religious, political, social and cultural life of Muslims. Islamic awakening will be the fight against tyranny and colonialism in this period.

4- Research questions

4-1 Main questions

What are the mystical opinions of Badi al-Zaman Nursi based on the generalities of Rasail al-Nur?

4-2 Sub-questions

1- What is the biography of Badi al-Zaman Nursi in the generalities of Rasail al-Nur?

2- What parts does the generality of Al-Nur letters include?

3- What are the topics of theoretical mysticism, practical mysticism and mystical literature in the generality of Al-Nur letters?

4- Nursi views about the mystical tariqats in the generality of Al-Norchist letters?

5- Nouri Qur’anic tariqa in the generality of Al-Norchist letters?

5- Research background

A) Internal: to achieve to the research done about Nursi, his thoughts and ideas in Iran, a search on the web and especially the websites: Khane Kitab, National Library and www. Lib.ir accepted that finally the following works were translated into Farsi. Saeed, Habib Mohammad, Badi al-Zaman Saeed Nursi: Kurdish Muslim inviter and flag bearer of the fight against secularism; Nursi, Saeed, Asharat al-Ijaz fi Mazan al-Aijaz, translated by Mohammad Baneh; Vahideh, Shokran, the biography of a modern intellectual Saeed Nursi, translated by Farzad Seifi Karan; Nursi, Saeed, Kalamat, translated by Mohammad Taher Hosseini; Nursi, Saeed, Guide to the Young Generation, translated by Qadir Golkarian; Nursi, Saeed, treatise to the whole patient and patient, translated by Kiyomarth Yousefi. Also, no theses and dissertations were found about him by searching the Irandoc website, but by referring to internal websites such as Nurmagz, Mogiran and using the appropriate words, articles were found, some of which contained a little information about Nursi's mystical views, such as: Amir Dehi, A., Sheikh Saeed Nursi, Ishalgari Arif and Qur'anic Studies.

B) External: To find books and Arabic articles were referred to the websites of: Kitab Link, Maktaba Maktaba al-Mustafa, Maktaba Maktaba Eskandria Alexandria and sites related to Badi al-Zaman Nursi, and among the countless works related to the subject, the following were included: Ghazawi, Saeed, Hel Kan Badi al-Zaman al-Nursi Sofia; Hantoor, Ahmad Mohammad Ali, Commentaries on Al-Nursi's Sufi Literature; Yunus, Abdul Moneim, Al-Nursi and Ruiteh Ruiteh for modern Sufism; Ansari, Farid, Badi al-Zaman Man Barzakh al-Suf al-Ma'raj al-Qur'an; Ramadan, Mohammad Tawfiq, Sufism and the work of Saeed Al-Nursi and his books; Abdul Hamid, Mohsen, Tarbiyeh al-Salukiyyah by al-Nursi; Fahdi, Abd al-Fattah, the Sufi dimension of al-Badi al-Zaman al-Nursi during the Book of Al-Lamaat; And Noorsi, Saeed, Anwar al-Haqiqa: Discussions in Sufism and Al-Saluk, translated by Ehsan al-Salehi, was among the works written in Arabic, in which they mentioned the mystical and al-Suluk issues of the time and its effect on his life. In addition to these, a search was made to find English books and articles on the web with the keywords Bediuzzaman said nursi and Rilase-I nur and some other keywords and several works were obtained, the most appropriate of which is the book Islam in modern turkey by Mary f. Weld, in which all aspects of Norse life are considered.