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  3. Technical and economic analysis of solar water heating systems in Iran using POLYSUN simulator software

Technical and economic analysis of solar water heating systems in Iran using POLYSUN simulator software

Number of pages: 209 File Format: word File Code: 32590
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Biology - Environment
Tags/Keywords: Consumer spa - cooling - fresh water - heating - Inlet water temperature - POLYSUN - Simulator software - Solar resources - Solar water heater - Thermal energy
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  • Summary of Technical and economic analysis of solar water heating systems in Iran using POLYSUN simulator software

    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Energy Conversion (M.Sc.)

    Abstract

    The country of Iran is located between 25 to 40 degrees north latitude and is located in a region that is in the highest ranks in terms of receiving solar energy in the world. The amount of solar radiation in Iran is estimated between 1800 and 2200 kilowatt hours per square meter per year, which is higher than the global average. In Iran, on average, more than 280 sunny days have been reported annually, which is very significant. This energy can be used in different ways, such as electricity production, heating and cooling, fresh water production, hot water supply, etc. . used  One of the most common methods of using solar energy is heating water for use in buildings or industry. The most important part of a solar water heater system is called the solar collector, which has different types. In this research, the technical, economic and regional performance of a solar water heating system of the natural displacement type in 31 centers of the provinces of Iran that have been investigated. This research focuses on the application of solar water heating system for consumers in Iran who use primary energy sources for water heating, which is currently more than 63 million barrels of crude oil per year. The changes in energy savings due to the use of hot water, inlet water temperature and solar sources were estimated and the obtained information was used for technical and economic calculation. For a typical home consumer, a solar water heater system will reduce the thermal energy demand of the spa by 43-92% or save 5000-2700 kWh per year. A solar water heater system reduces greenhouse gas emissions between 2700-1400 kg annually and also saves 3000000-6000000 Rials in social costs annually. On average, the initial cost of a solar water heater system in Iran will be returned after 16-3-5 years due to energy savings.

    Chapter One

    Overview of the research (introduction, statement of the problem, importance and necessity of the research, goals and hypotheses)

    Introduction

    Environmental pollution occurs from various sources. With the progress of human civilization and the development of technology and the increasing population, the world is currently facing a problem called pollution in the air and land, which threatens the lives of the inhabitants of the planet. So that in every country environmental protection is a serious concern of statesmen. Today, the environmental situation has become such that the people of a city or even a country are not safe from the effects of pollution in another city or country.

    Advanced countries by investing in the renewable energy sector, improving energy efficiency and new technologies have taken great steps in the field of environmental pollution control in the energy sector, but developing countries are still facing a serious challenge in this case, and Iran is no exception. Chart 1-1 shows Iran's energy flow chart in 2013, which shows the sum of energy sources and the total final consumption.

    Also in table 1-1 and 1-2 and chart 1-2 the emission of polluting and greenhouse gases and the contribution of each of the energy consuming sectors in the emission of these gases in the year 1390 in Iran shows. Based on these tables, it is clear that the power plant and household, commercial and public sectors have allocated the highest amount of CO2 emissions this year. They are costs that estimate the destructive or harmful effects of a pollutant or activity on agricultural products, ecosystems, materials and human health, and are often costs that are not considered in the final price. One of the disadvantages of fossil energy is high social costs, and in order to calculate social costs, it is necessary to quantify the effect of pollutants and activities in effective environments. The social costs of environmental destruction are caused by the consumption of fossil energy carriers in the country.This cost has been calculated based on the studies of the World Bank and the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran. As can be seen, the total social costs in 2010 are about 99 thousand billion Rials (based on the constant price of 2011). In Table 1-4, the share of each sector in social costs is calculated. Solar residential water heater was investigated using meteorological and geographical data in 31 different cities over Iran. The variation in electrical energy savings due to water heating use, inlet water temperature and solar resource was estimated and applied to determine the regional net present value and payback time of solar water heater by Life-cycle saving (LCS) method. And also a typical SWH system will decrease CO2 emission by 1400-2700 Kg per year as well as saving social cost by 3000000-6000000 Rails per year.

    Map of cities for solar fraction were created by ArcGIS 10.2.

  • Contents & References of Technical and economic analysis of solar water heating systems in Iran using POLYSUN simulator software

    List:

    The first chapter. 9

    Introduction. 10

    1-1- The importance and necessity of conducting research. 14

    1-2- Innovation in research. 15

    1-3- research objectives. 23

    1-4- Research question. 24

    1-5- research hypotheses. 24

    1-6- Research method. 25

    The second chapter. 26

    Introduction. 27

    2-1- An overview of the use of solar energy from the past until now. 29

    2-1-1- The history of using solar energy. 29

    2-1-2- Current use of solar energy in the world. 31

    2-1-3- Application of solar energy in Iran. 32

    2-1-4- implemented and ongoing activities in the field of solar energy in Iran. 33

    2-2- Types of solar water heater systems. 37

    2-2-1- Natural displacement solar water heater (thermosiphon) 37

    2-2-2- Forced displacement solar water heater (pump) 38

    2-2-3- Description of flat collectors. 39

    The third chapter: 41

    Introduction. 42

    3-1- Solar systems simulation software. 44

    3-1-1- Types of simulation software. 44

    3-1-2- TRNSYS simulator software. 47

    3-1-3- Polysun emulator software. 48

    3-2- Solar calculations. 51

    3-2-1- Solar radiation. 51

    3-2-2- Determining the performance of the solar collector. 51

    3-2-3- solar contribution. 58

    3-3- Energy storage. 58

    3-3-1- Solar process loads. 59

    3-3-2- Layering in storage tanks 60

    3-4- Economic analysis. 61

    3-4-1- Economic factors of the solar process. 61

    3-4-2- Costs of solar process systems. 62

    3-4-3- economic evaluation methods. 64

    3-4-4- Discount and inflation. 65

    3-4-5- Social expenses. 66

    Chapter four: 68

    Introduction. 69

    4-1- Geographical location of East Azarbaijan province. 70

    4-1-1- Climatic conditions of East Azarbaijan province (Tabriz city) 70

    4-1-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in East Azarbaijan province. 71

    4-1-3- The results of the economic analysis of East Azerbaijan province. 73

    4-2- Geographical location of West Azarbaijan province. 74

    4-2-1- Climatic conditions of West Azarbaijan province (Urmia city) 74

    4-2-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in West Azarbaijan province. 75

    4-2-3- The results of the economic analysis of West Azerbaijan province. 77

    4-3- Geographical location of Ardabil province. 78

    4-3-1- Climatic conditions of Ardabil province (Ardebil city) 78

    4-3-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Ardabil province. 79

    4-3-3- The results of the economic analysis of Ardabil province. 81

    4-4- Geographical location of Isfahan province. 82

    4-4-1- Climatic conditions of Isfahan province (Isfahan city) 82

    4-4-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Isfahan province. 83

    4-4-3- The results of the economic analysis of Isfahan province. 85

    4-5- Geographical location of Alborz province. 86

    4-5-1- Climatic conditions of Alborz province (Alborz city) 86

    4-5-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Alborz province. 87

    4-5-3- The results of the economic analysis of Alborz province. 89

    4-6- Geographical location of Ilam province. 90

    4-6-1- Climatic conditions of Ilam province (Ilam city) 90

    4-6-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Ilam province. 91

    4-6-3- The results of the economic analysis of Ilam province. 93

    4-7- Geographical location of Bushehr province. 94

    4-7-1- Climatic conditions of Bushehr province (Bushehr city) 94

    4-7-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Bushehr province. 95

    4-7-3- The results of economic analysis of Bushehr province. 97

    4-8- Geographical location of Tehran province. 98

    4-8-1- Climatic conditions of Tehran province (Tehran city) 98

    4-8-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Tehran province. 99

    4-8-3- The results of economic analysis of Tehran province. 101

    4-9- Geographical location of Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province. 102

    4-9-1- Climatic conditions of Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province (Shahrkord city) 102

    4-9-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province. 103

    4-9-3- The results of the economic analysis of Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province. 105

    4-10- Geographical location of South Khorasan province.106

    4-10-1- Climatic conditions of South Khorasan province (Birjand city) 106

    4-10-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in South Khorasan province. 107

    4-10-3- The results of the economic analysis of South Khorasan province. 109

    4-11- Geographical location of Razavi Khorasan province. 110

    4-11-1- Climatic conditions of Razavi Khorasan province (Mashhad city) 110

    4-11-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Khorasan Razavi province. 111

    4-11-3-The results of the economic analysis of Khorasan Razavi province. 113

    4-12- Geographical location of North Khorasan province. 114

    4-12-1- Climatic conditions of North Khorasan province (Bojnord city) 114

    4-12-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in North Khorasan province. 115

    4-12-3- The results of the economic analysis of North Khorasan province. 117

    4-13- Geographical location of Khuzestan province. 118

    4-13-1- Climatic conditions of Khuzestan province (Ahvaz city) 118

    4-13-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Khuzestan province. 119

    4-13-3- The results of the economic analysis of Khuzestan province. 121

    4-14- Geographical location of Zanjan province. 122

    4-14-1- Climatic conditions of Zanjan province (Zanjan city) 122

    4-14-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Zanjan province. 123

    4-14-3- The results of the economic analysis of Zanjan province. 125

    4-15- Geographical location of Semnan province. 126

    4-15-1- Climatic conditions of Semnan province (Semnan city) 126

    4-15-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Semnan province. 127

    4-15-3- The results of the economic analysis of Semnan province. 129

    4-16- Geographical location of Sistan and Baluchistan province. 130

    4-16-1- Climatic conditions of Sistan and Baluchistan province (Zahedan city) 130

    4-16-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Sistan and Baluchistan province. 131

    4-16-3- The results of the economic analysis of Sistan and Baluchistan province. 133

    4-17- Geographical location of Fars province. 134

    4-17-1- Climatic conditions of Fars province (Shiraz city) 134

    4-17-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Fars province. 135

    4-17-3- The results of the economic analysis of Fars province. 137

    4-18- Geographical location of Qazvin province. 138

    4-18-1- Climatic conditions of Qazvin province (Qazvin city) 138

    4-18-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Qazvin province. 139

    4-18-3- The results of the economic analysis of Qazvin province. 141

    4-19- Geographical location of Qom province. 142

    4-19-1- Climatic conditions of Qom province (Qom city) 142

    4-19-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Qom province. 143

    4-19-3- The results of economic analysis of Qom province. 145

    4-20- Geographical location of Kurdistan province. 146

    4-20-1- Climatic conditions of Kurdistan province (Kurdistan city) 146

    4-20-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Kurdistan province. 147

    4-20-3- The results of the economic analysis of Kurdistan province. 149

    4-21- Geographical location of Kerman province. 150

    4-21-1- Climatic conditions of Kerman province (Kerman city) 150

    4-21-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Kerman province. 151

    4-21-3- The results of the economic analysis of Kerman province. 153

    4-22- Geographical location of Kermanshah province 154

    4-22-1- Climatic conditions of Kermanshah province (Kermanshah city) 154

    4-22-2- Results of Polysun technical simulation in Kermanshah province 155

    4-22-3- Results of economic analysis of Kermanshah province 157

    4-23- Geographical location of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. 158

    4-23-1- Climatic conditions of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad province (Yasuj city) 158

    4-23-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad province. 159

    4-23-3- The results of the economic analysis of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. 161

    4-24- Geographical location of Golestan province. 162

    4-24-1- Climatic conditions of Golestan province (Golestan city) 162

    4-24-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Golestan province. 163

    4-24-3- The results of the economic analysis of Golestan province. 165

    4-25- Geographical location of Gilan province. 166

    4-25-1- Climatic conditions of Gilan province (Rasht city) 166

    4-25-2- The results of Polysun technical simulation in Gilan province

Technical and economic analysis of solar water heating systems in Iran using POLYSUN simulator software
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