Investigating the disadvantages of urban water supply networks (as an example of the Langrod water network) and optimizing and designing the optimal network for a specific area using the HBMO honey bee matching algorithm.

Mechanical Engineering

(Energy conversion trend

Abstract

Investigating the disadvantages of urban water supply networks (as an example of the Langrod water network) and optimizing and designing the optimal network for a specific area using the bee pairing algorithm HBMO

Due to the global water crisis, a special approach to the design and use of water supply networks has emerged throughout the world. This attitude should be followed more seriously in developing countries such as Iran The fact that it does not function properly for the residents of the city. The lack of pressure and flow has obviously created problems for the people in this thesis, using one of the latest meta-exploration algorithms called the bee matching algorithm, which can be applied in addition to the academic load. The characteristic of all worn-out networks is that they face a lack of information, so in this thesis, new approximations were used to estimate them. The most important of these approximations, one is used in the estimation of the flow rates in the main nodes of the network with the method of Thyssen curves and with the help of GIS software, and the other one is used in the calibration of the roughness coefficients in the network pipes; which has dedicated a part of the thesis in detail. What has been done in this process was ultimately to determine the current state of the network. In the final chapter, it is used as input information for network optimization. The optimization of the overall network model has been done using the meta-exploratory and evolutionary algorithm of bee mating.

Keywords: optimization, urban water networks; mating of honey bees; Flow calibration and roughness coefficients

Abstract

Developing an optimization process for a specific urban water distribution system (Langarud city's water network) using Honey-Bee Mating Optimization

Saman Sabbaghpour

In the developing countries, many of the urban water networks are so old and they are not designed as well as modern cities, therefore, it is of high concern to find the basic information of a water network, especially the friction factors of the pipes. Even sometimes the flow rate in the main nodes of the network is not known. This problem should be solved before doing any other calculations on the network.

In this dissertation a new meta-heuristic approach based on the nature of honey bees mating have been used for the calibration of a real city in the north of Iran named Langarud. This city has nearly a population of 68,000 people and about 43,000 water users. Langarud's area is about 900 square kilometers. The method is used to determine the Hazen-Williams roughness factor of the main pipes of the town and a correction factor for the nodal demands in the main nodes of the network. As the flow rate is not known in the main nodes, Theisen polygons method were used to approximate the flow rates in the main nodes.

After calibrating the network, HBMO technique is used again so as to optimize the Langarud's water network model which has been achieved from the calibration process. The optimization stage is held for increasing the pressure in nodes uniformly with changing the pipes diameters in a way that the cost of this changing becomes the least. This is a multi-objective optimization as the operational parameters of the network will be optimized simultaneously with the cost of changing network's pipes.

After the optimization process, the network's parameters are improved and as the HBMO algorithm was previously used to a benchmark problem named New York Tunnel and showed a great consistency in results with other best methods in the literature, the accuracy of the method is proven. This algorithm is linked by the Epanet software and has the ability to be used for other optimization proposals like designing a new network optimally. In the end of the thesis, an analysis is held to the results of both calibration and optimization stages.

Keywords: Pressure drop, Honey-Bee Mating, Urban water network, Water distribution, Optimization.

Chapter one:

Chapter One: Generalities

< >Foreword In the last century, one of the most important issues that has involved the human mind; The end of the natural resources he needs. One of the most important sources without which life is impossible; Water is the liquid of life. In the meantime, there is no doubt that access to safe and clean drinking water is the right of every human being, and this matter has even been recognized as one of the fundamental human rights in the United Nations General Assembly. Even now, the increasing lack of water has become a crisis in many countries. A decade ago, it was predicted that by 2025, one third of the countries will face a water shortage. However, we are now approaching the threshold of this crisis. Two billion people of the world live in countries that have a water crisis, and if the current trends do not change, two-thirds of the world's people will face this crisis by 2025. Worse, just as there were wars over the acquisition of oil resources in the last century, there may be wars over the control of water resources in the current century. In the 20th century, the world's population tripled, but water consumption increased seven times. By 2025, when another two billion people will be added to the world's population, humans will need an 80% increase in water reserves. No one knows where this water will come from! Because the earth's water reserves are completely limited. Drought has long been one of the concerns of humans, and today, with global warming due to environmental pollution and the expansion of deserts and dry areas, humans have thought to find a way to deal with the global water crisis. During the middle and end years of the last century, increasing efforts were made by world scientists in water-related fields to lead to solutions to curb the water crisis. One of the most important ways is the optimal consumption of this vital substance and its main manifestation is in the design of urban water supply networks or leak detection and their correction. Undoubtedly, a lot of water was wasted in the water supply facilities of a city in the past. leakage of water pipes due to corrosion caused in the walls of the pipes; Improper operation of pumps; The technical problems of tanks and in short the two factors of wear and tear and non-engineering design of facilities of an urban water supply network are the main things that can cause this valuable liquid to be wasted; It caused the performance of a network to be disturbed. These disorders show themselves as high or low water pressure in the consumption areas. In addition, these cases can cause uneven distribution of water among the people of an urban community.

In developed countries, the design of urban networks based on modern engineering methods has been on the agenda of the engineers of those countries for a long time as a solution to protect the water resources of those countries. Meanwhile, a massive effort has been started in these countries since the mid-1960s to restore and upgrade the dilapidated networks of cities, which is still ongoing. But in developing countries, the necessity of rebuilding and improving worn-out water supply networks has recently been felt as a solution to avoid the water crisis. This necessity seems to be much more sensitive and necessary, especially in our motherland, Iran, because Iran is located in an area of ??the earth that suffers from water shortage and in terms of rainfall, it is located in a semi-arid and dry area.