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  3. Investigating the effect of iron chelate nanofertilizer and iron fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the medicinal plant Thymus daenensis L.

Investigating the effect of iron chelate nanofertilizer and iron fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the medicinal plant Thymus daenensis L.

Number of pages: 117 File Format: word File Code: 32552
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Denai thyme - Essential oil performance - Iron chelate fertilizer - Iron chelate nanofertilizer - iron fertilizer - Iron sulfate - Medicinal plants - Quantitative traits
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  • Summary of Investigating the effect of iron chelate nanofertilizer and iron fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the medicinal plant Thymus daenensis L.

    Dissertation to receive the degree of Master of Agriculture

    Abstract

             Thymes are perennial plants of the mint family and are among the most valuable medicinal plants in the world. In the thyme genus, there are 215 species in the world and 18 species in Iran, of which Thymus daenensis L. is an exclusive species in Iran.

    In order to investigate the effect of iron chelate and iron fertilizer (iron sulfate) on the content of chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, ratio of chlorophyll a to b, ratio of carotenoids to total Chlorophyll, plant height, canopy area, biomass yield, dry matter yield, absorption of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron) by leaves, leaf area index, percentage of essential oil and essential oil yield of the medicinal plant Danai thyme experimentally in the form of factorial completely randomized block design in three replicates with three levels of 0, 3 and 6 kg/ha of iron chelate nano-fertilizer (0n, 3n and 6n) and three levels of iron sulfate (0i, 3i and 6i) as
    Solution spraying was done in three stages at Hamand Absard pasture research station (affiliated to the country's forest and pasture research institute) in cold semi-steppe climatic conditions. The results of variance analysis of the data showed that iron chelate nano-fertilizer alone had a significant increasing effect on the traits of chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, ratio of chlorophyll a to b, ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophyll, canopy area, biomass yield, dry matter yield, nitrogen absorption rate, iron, leaf area index, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield (at 1 percent level) and plant height and potassium absorption rate at 5 percent level. Iron sulfate alone had a significant increasing effect on the characteristics of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, the ratio of chlorophyll a to b, the ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophyll and the amount of phosphorus absorption at 1% level. The mutual effects of iron chelate nano-fertilizer and iron sulfate on chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, ratio of chlorophyll a to b, ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophyll, canopy area, absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, percentage and yield of essential oil were significant at 1% level, which in most cases, nano fertilizer was able to reduce the reducing effect of iron sulfate.

    Key words: medicinal plants, Danai thyme, iron chelate nano-fertilizer, iron sulfate, essential oil performance

    Introduction

    The importance of Iranian medicinal plants and its vital role in advancing regional, national and global goals to achieve community health, drug self-sufficiency, employment creation, economic development, food security And the preservation of genetic reserves and, in addition, the active presence in the world markets is not a secret to anyone, so that millions of people in the world are currently engaged in the cultivation, harvesting and processing of medicinal plants.

    According to the report of the World Health Organization[1] in 2006, the volume of global trade in medicinal plants and their products has reached 100 billion dollars per year. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world's people use medicinal plants or complementary and traditional medicine methods to treat various diseases. Iran is the cradle of traditional medicine and herbal medicine. But it seems that today's life has become very different from the past, so that sometimes you go to a specialist doctor to treat very minor diseases, and sometimes you use chemical drugs with high potency, which unfortunately also have many side effects, while 75% of the people of France, 50% of the people of Canada, 48% of the people of Australia, and 40% of the people of Belgium currently use herbal medicines for treatment. In Russia, there are 4 hospitals operating in the field of traditional medicine. In China, with a population of more than one billion and three hundred million people, 80% of medical services are provided by traditional Chinese medicine. Of course, the cheaper cost of traditional medicine treatment compared to modern treatments also plays a role in this, because in China, the cost of treatment through traditional medicine is between one and twenty-fifth to that of treatment through modern medicine.

    Currently, about 66 thousand hectares of agricultural land in Iran Different provinces are dedicated to the cultivation of medicinal plants.In total, about 65 thousand tons of products are produced from farms dedicated to medicinal plants. Inside the country, 5 important ministries have a direct role in the field of research from the stage of cultivation and production of medicinal plants to processing and packaging, consumption and export of medicinal plants, each of which has looked at the issue with a different mechanism. Also, a large number of people and companies are employed in different fields of medicinal plants (Nasri et al., 2018)

    The presence of huge national potential talents and the culture of using medicinal plants in the country reminds the authorities of the country to pay more attention to this category and reminds every compassionate expert to believe that if this category is a national necessity and provided within the framework of a specific and comprehensive plan, in addition to achieving sustainable development management in this sector in terms of macro economic development, environmental, health (pharmaceutical self-sufficiency), employment, food security and genetic reserves in the national and global arena, it can be considered and play a role as a source of foreign exchange income for the country. Iran uses traditional and complementary medicine, and this number is increasing. In different countries of the world, large sums of money are spent on various fields (such as providing services, production of herbal and natural medicines, establishment of related centers, etc.) (Zarezadeh, 2013).

    In most of the famous countries of the world, traditional and complementary medicine in various fields (laws, licenses for services and production of natural medicines, insurance support, establishment of related university courses, etc.) is supported by the government and plays a good role in ensuring people's health. The country has taken over. Chinese traditional medicine is responsible for 40% of healthcare services in this country, this ratio is 60%, 70% and 90% in Uganda, India and Ethiopia respectively. In Japan, China, Korea, and Vietnam, the insurance coverage of the cost of treatment, medicine, and complementary medicine services is complete, and in Germany, Australia, Norway, England, Canada, and the United States, part of the costs are paid by insurance organizations. Significant support has been given to this field by setting up relevant university courses and allocating credits, but there is almost no insurance coverage of medicines and services in this sector.

    Due to countless reasons, it has been abandoned for some time, therefore, it is inevitable to take the necessary measures to revive and restore this forgotten kingdom and promote the lofty goals of traditional and Iranian medicine, with the huge scientific and specialized support of the country's committed and caring researchers, thinkers, and experts who have devoted themselves to this task with firm determination (Nasri et al., 2008).

    With the advent of chemical and biological drugs, the role and importance of medicinal plants in providing human health were forgotten. But with the passage of time, the reception of medicinal plants has faced a significant growth.

    The medicinal plants industry is one of the few industries with double digit growth. In the years before entering the third millennium, the Scripp Institute had predicted the growth of the medicinal plants industry with a turnover of 1.3 billion dollars in 1996 for the early years of the third millennium at a rate of 15-20%. Not only was this prediction not more than the actual amount, but during this period the said industry has grown by 25%.

    It seems that people are tired of some failures of modern medicine. And they are increasingly turning to herbal medicines. Basically, when they burned Avicenna's law in the West and claimed to have known chemistry, molecules and physiology, medicine was diverted so that modern medicine is not capable of solving many human problems, and they have admitted this issue in recent years in textbooks (Zarezadeh, 2013).

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of iron chelate nanofertilizer and iron fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the medicinal plant Thymus daenensis L.

    List:

    Title

    Page

    Abstract

    1

    Chapter One: Generalities

    1 1 Introduction

    3

    1 2 Problem design

    6

    1 3 Importance and necessity of research

    6

    1 4 Objectives

    7

    Chapter Two: Overview and review of sources

    2 1 History of the use of medicinal plants

    9

    2 2 Chemical compounds of essential oils

    11

    2 2 1 Terpenes

    11

    2 2 2 Phenylpropenes

    11

    2 3 Peppermint

    12

    2 4 History of the family Labiatae and genus Thymus

    12

    2 5 Botanical and morphological features of thyme (Thymus)

    15

    2 5 1 Features of Thymus daenensis

    18

    2 6 The ecological needs of thyme

    20

    2 7 Planting, growing and harvesting

    20

    2 7 1 Planting

    20

    2 7 2 Growing

    22

    2 7 3 Harvesting

    22

    2 8 properties and application

    23

    2 8 1 pharmaceutical forms

    24

    2 9 review of thyme essential oil

    24

    2 10 applications of essential oil

    26

    2 10 1 application of essential oils in medicine

    27

    2 11 The main components of thyme essential oil

    2 12 Nanotechnology and agriculture

    2 12 1 Iron chelate nano-fertilizer

    2 13 Iron sulfate

    2 14 An overview of researches Done

    Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

    3 1 Geographical and natural characteristics of the project implementation site

    3 2 Planting, planting and harvesting

    3 2 1 Planting

    3 2 2

    3 2 3 Harvest

    3 3 Measurement of plant height

    3 4 Measurement of crown area

    3 5 Measurement of wet and dry weight of the plant

    3 5 1 Measurement of wet weight

    3 5 2 Dry weight measurement

    3 6 Measurement of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids content

    3 7 Measurement of N, P, K and Fe absorbed by leaves

    3 8 Leaf surface index

    3 9 determination of essential oil percentage

    3 10 statistical analysis

    Chapter four: results and discussion

    4 1 statistical analysis

     

    4 2 photosynthetic pigments

    4 2 1 content Chlorophyll a

    4 2 2 Chlorophyll b content

    4 2 3 Total amount of chlorophyll

    4 2 4 Ratio of chlorophyll a to b

     

    4 2 5 Carotenoids content

    4 2 6 ratio Carotenoids to total chlorophyll

     

    4 3 Plant height

     

    4 4 Canopy area

     

    4 5 Biomass yield and dry matter yield

     

    4 5 1 Biomass yield

     

    4 5 2 Dry matter yield

    4 6 Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Iron Absorption Rate by Leaves

    4 6 1 Nitrogen Absorption Rate

    4 6 2 Phosphorus Absorption Rate

     

    4 6 3 Potassium Absorption Rate

    4 6 4 Absorption Rate Iron

     

    4 7 leaf surface index

     

    4 8 essential oil

     

    4 8 1 percentage of essential oil

     

    4 8 2 performance of essential oil

     

    4 9 conclusion

     

    4 10 Suggestions

     

    List of references

     

    English abstract

     

     

    Source:

     

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    Khalaj, H., Gha. Rose M

Investigating the effect of iron chelate nanofertilizer and iron fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the medicinal plant Thymus daenensis L.
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