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  3. The effect of different cultivation substrates in growing Tagete patula L.

The effect of different cultivation substrates in growing Tagete patula L.

Number of pages: 52 File Format: word File Code: 32523
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Cultivation beds - Cultivation of parsley - gardening - Mushroom compost - Parsley - Peat moss cultivation bed - Pete - vermicompost
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  • Summary of The effect of different cultivation substrates in growing Tagete patula L.

    Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.Sc)

    Horticulture science field, flower and ornamental plants

    Abstract

    In order to investigate the possibility of replacing peat moss with new and cheap substrates, a research using parsley plant in the form of a completely randomized factorial experiment with There were 10 treatments and 3 repetitions. Planting substrates were peat moss, vermicompost, mushroom compost and perlite, in which the physical and chemical properties of the substrates as well as plant growth indicators were measured. The highest height, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots were observed in the culture medium of 50% peat + 50% perlite and then in the culture medium of 50% vermicompost + 50% perlite and the lowest in the treatment of 100% mushroom compost. The highest amount of organic carbon and CEC was observed in the culture medium of 50% vermicompost + 50% perlite and the highest amount of moisture was observed in the culture medium of 50% peat + 50% perlite. In this research, the use of mushroom compost as a culture medium did not bring useful results. Due to its easy access and much lower cost, vermicompost can be used as a suitable substitute for peat moss in the production of parsley in the country.

    Key words: parsley, vermicompost, mushroom compost, peat

    Introduction

    In horticulture, so far, a wide range of organic materials, including the bark of broad-leaved and coniferous trees, leaf soil, sewage sludge, and coconut waste have been used as cultivation substrate (Verdonk and Gabriels, 1992).

    In recent years, environmental obstacles for peat mining have increased. These factors have caused a considerable increase in the price of peat. There are several reasons for the use of peat substitute substrates, especially substrates that contain vegetable compost, are expanding (Frangi et al., 2004).

    Since 1960, soilless substrates have been widely used in the production of horticultural products (Nelson, 2003).

    Today, soilless cultivation is one of the main cultivation systems among Different techniques are used in horticulture (Mami et al., 2007).

    The need to provide homogeneous cultivation beds that can support the strong growth of plants has increased. When used as a potting medium, it presents severe and unfavorable physical problems due to the problems of consistent soil quality. Therefore, breeders are forced to use substrates that have the characteristics of soilless substrates (Padesh Dehkaei and Gholami, 1388).

    It is necessary to use less non-renewable materials such as peat. In addition, there is a need to reuse high-volume and low-cost organic waste from municipalities, including waste compost. These materials can replace part or all of peat as a pot culture medium (Giovannini et al., 2008)

    Nowadays, extensive research is done on common substrates in soilless cultivation in order to determine the appropriate substrate for each region by considering economic issues, the type of cultivation and the effect of these substrates on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the product (Tavosi and Shahin Rokhsar, 2019).

    Planting plants in a non-soil environment provides the possibility of growing more plants in a limited space. So that in this method, the amount of area required for growing plants is 75% less than the soil system (Core, 2001).

    Since one of the important production inputs for growing ornamental plants, especially potted plants, is the cultivation bed, and that one of the main factors limiting the export of these plants is the lack of suitable and standard cultivation beds in the country, and also according to the findings, this research aims to make optimal use of organic waste in the country. The title of cultivation substrate has been done.

    The objectives of this plan were:

    Investigating the use of favorable and cheaper cultivation substrates in the cultivation of potted ornamental plants as an alternative to peat moss in the country

    Choosing the best mixed substrate from among different substrates with different percentages of organic and mineral substances to increase the quality and improve the growth of parsley.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Chapter First

    General

     

     

     

     

     

     

    rtl;">1-1- Planting substrate

     

    The planting substrate is the environment in which the root is placed and obtains the water and nutrients it needs from it (Davidson et al., 1998) and includes organic materials such as peat moss or tree bark with organic or inorganic components such as vermiculite, perlite and sand (Bilderback et al. al., 2005).

    To grow a plant in a pot, the soil or porous material in the pot must have special conditions. In providing suitable soil in pot cultivation, four factors of plant establishment, ventilation, food storage and moisture storage should be taken into consideration. One of the most important and basic factors in choosing materials for preparing potting mix is ??that these materials do not contain toxic substances for the plant. Pot growers often add amendments such as leaf soil, animal manure, peat, wood ash, sand, and gravel to mineral soils (Abdolahi et al., a1386).

    Plant growing medium has four main tasks, which are: water and nutrients storage, gas exchange between roots and atmosphere, and the location of the plant. Farm soil does the above four actions well, but aeration is not done enough in the pot. The farm soil has pipes that carry water from the surface to the depth, and these pipes are destroyed when the soil is transferred from the field to the pot. Because the capillary tubes have been destroyed, capillary action is not performed to draw water from the soil (to drain it). In general, it can be concluded that the deeper the pot is, the lower the water level is, and as a result, there is more space for the roots (Hasandokht, 2007).

    When plants grow in a pot, their roots are limited by a small volume. As a result, its need for water, air and nutrients will be more intense and more than when the root grows in a large volume of soil without restrictions. Not paying attention to this issue and not correcting the physical and nutritional properties of the soil that is placed in the pot will cause negative results in plant growth (Abdolhi et al., b1386).

    Due to the problems in earthen greenhouses (incidence of nematodes, salinity, environmental pollution, etc.), the use of mineral and organic growing media such as perlite, lica, rice bran, peat, pumice, etc., has recently received attention in our country. (Pioust and Barzegar, 1384).

    Nowadays, various organic and mineral materials are used as cultivation substrate. Each of these materials has unique characteristics, and in general, these materials must have water holding capacity, sufficient ventilation, proper drainage, and high cation exchange capacity, and they must not have any adverse or harmful effects on the plant (Javanpour Harvi et al., 2014). style="direction: rtl;">1-2-1- Vermicompost

    Vermicompost is a type of compost produced with the help of earthworms, which is created as a result of the change and transformation and digestion of organic waste (animal manure, plant residues, etc.) while passing through the digestive system of these animals (Darzi et al., 2007).

  • Contents & References of The effect of different cultivation substrates in growing Tagete patula L.

    List:

    Abstract. 1

    Introduction. 2

    Chapter One: Generalities. 4

    1-1- Planting bed. 5

    1-2- Introduction of organic and inorganic used in this research. 6

    1-2-1- vermicompost. 6

    1-2-2-Pete Moss. 7

    1-2-3- mushroom compost. 8

    1-2-4- Perlite. 8

    1-3- Introduction of some other cultivation beds. 8

    1-3-1- sugarcane bagasse. 8

    1-3-2- Vermicolitis. 8

    1-3-3- Cocopit. 9

    1-3-4- leaves. 9

    1-4- Tested plants. 10

    1-4-1- Dark chicory (Asteraceae). 10

    1-4-2- parsley flower. 10

    1-4-2-1- Suitable breeding and maintenance conditions. 10

    1-4-2-2- Flowering. 11

    1-4-2-3- Application. 11

    Chapter Two: Review of sources. 12

    The third chapter: materials and methods. 16

    3-1- Place and time of project implementation. 17

    3-2- Greenhouse environmental conditions. 17

    3-3- Cultivation substrates used in this research. 17

    3-4- Preparing the pots. 17

    3-5- Plan type. 18

    3-6- Traits evaluated in this experiment. 18

    3-6-1- Measuring the physical characteristics of planting beds. 18

    3-6-1-1- Appearance specific weight. 18

    3-6-1-2- true specific gravity. 18

    3-6-1-3- percentage of total pores. 18

    3-6-1-4-percent volume moisture. 19

    3-6-1-5- organic matter. 19

    3-6-2- Measuring the chemical properties of planting beds. 19

    3-6-2-1-Nitrogen. 19

    3-6-2-2-phosphorus. 19

    3-6-2-3-potassium. 19

    3-6-2-4- organic carbon. 19

    3-6-2-5- Cation exchange capacity. 20

    3-6-2-6-EC and pH. 20

    3-6-3- Measurement of plant growth indicators. 20

    3-6-3-1- plant height. 20

    3-6-3-2- the number of leaves of the plant. 20

    3-6-3-3- leaf surface. 20

    3-6-3-4- Wet and dry weight of leaves. 21

    3-6-3-5- fresh and dry weight of the root. 21

    3-7- Data analysis methods and tools. 21

    Chapter four: results and discussion. 22

    4- Results and discussion. 23

    4-1- Physical characteristics of planting beds. 23

    4-1-1- Organic matter. 23

    4-1-2- True specific gravity. 24

    4-1-3- Appearance specific weight. 25

    4-1-4- percentage of total voids. 26

    4-1-5-% volume humidity. 27

    4-2- Chemical characteristics of planting beds. 29

    4-2-1-pH. 29

    4-2-2-EC. 30

    4-2-3- Cation exchange capacity. 31

    4-2-4-organic carbon. 32

    4-3- The elements in the cultivation beds. 34

    4-4- Plant growth indicators. 35

    4-4-1- Wet weight of aerial parts. 35

    4-4-2- Dry weight of aerial parts. 36

    4-4-3- root wet weight. 37

    4-4-4- root dry weight. 38

    4-4-5- leaf surface. 39

    4-4-6- Plant height. 40

    4-4-7- the number of leaves. 41

    General conclusion. 43

    Suggestions. 45

    Resources. 46

    English abstract. 52

    Source:

     

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The effect of different cultivation substrates in growing Tagete patula L.
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