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  3. Investigating the effect of organic materials on the growth and performance of potato cultivars with the aim of producing organic (pure) products.

Investigating the effect of organic materials on the growth and performance of potato cultivars with the aim of producing organic (pure) products.

Number of pages: 104 File Format: word File Code: 32522
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: chicken manure - growth - manure - Marfona - Organic matter - performance - Potato cultivars - Potato yield - Qualitative characteristics of the tuber - Sante - vermicompost
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  • Summary of Investigating the effect of organic materials on the growth and performance of potato cultivars with the aim of producing organic (pure) products.

    Dissertation for receiving the master's degree "M.sc"

    Agricultural engineering field

    Agriculture orientation

    Abstract

    In order to investigate the effect of organic matter on the growth and yield of potato cultivars in order to produce an experimental clean product in the form of a factorial design Randomized complete blocks with 3 replications were implemented in Sarab Niloufer area of ??Kermanshah province. The treatments included two potato varieties, Marfona and Sante, as the first factor levels and 7 fertilizer levels as the second factor levels, including no fertilizer use, chemical fertilizer use (based on soil testing), granulated chicken manure (in the amount of one ton per hectare), normal livestock manure, vermicompost and compost each in the amount of 20 tons per hectare, and tea compost (in the form of soaking tubers in a solution and foliar spraying 3 times). Variance analysis revealed that the effect of cultivar on yield and its components was not significant, but different levels of fertilizer had significant differences for traits of number of tubers per plant and harvest level at the 5% probability level and for the traits of tuber yield per plant and hectare at the 1% probability level. Based on the average comparison, the highest tuber yield per hectare (about 35 tons) was related to the chicken manure treatment, which was significantly superior to other treatments, and the difference with other treatments was about 10 to 18 tons per hectare, respectively, in vermicompost and without fertilizer use. Variance analysis for tuber biochemical traits including the percentage of dry matter, crude protein, oil, fiber and starch showed that none of these traits were affected by cultivar; However, the effect of fertilizer for starch percentage was significant at 1% probability level, and the interaction effect of variety and fertilizer was significant for dry matter percentage at 5% probability level. The cultivar effect for the phosphorus percentage and the fertilizer effect for the sugar percentage were also significant at the 5% probability level. Based on the average comparison, the highest percentage of starch (about 80%) was obtained in granular chicken manure and vermicompost, which were significantly superior to other levels of treatments. rtl;">Introduction

         Production of organic (clean) agricultural products is a fundamental principle in sustainable agriculture, and preventing excessive contamination of water and soil with poisons and chemical fertilizers is of great importance for the production of healthy food for any country. Organic foods are those in which the amount of agricultural toxins from pesticides and chemical fertilizers is the lowest and the amount of nutrients is high (Lairon, 2009). The production of organic agricultural products is very important from the two aspects of human health and environmental protection. Non-organic products are contaminated with harmful carcinogenic substances such as nitrates. In the research of recent years, nitrate accumulation in tuberous vegetables such as potato has shown a greater increase (UN, 2003).

           Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a product that is cultivated every year on a large scale in Iran (Sharifi et al., 1384), which is the second main food of the people after wheat (Parsapour and Lame, 1383). In the past decades, every year, large quantities of our country's potato products were exported to neighboring countries, including Iraq, but now due to nitrate pollution, this export has stopped or reached its lowest level (Food and Health website, 2013). Except for product quality, the marketability and size of potato tubers are highly dependent on the use of nitrogen fertilizers, and reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers delays the ripening and harvesting of the crop (Zebarth et al., 2007). Therefore, the management of nitrogen and other nutrients is very important in this product; For this reason, the use of suitable organic fertilizers, which, while having a sufficient amount of nitrogen and providing it to the plant at the necessary speed, also help to maintain the health of the environment, have gained an important position (Zebarth et al., 2007). Organic fertilizers prevent the accumulation of nitrates in potato tubers, which are harmful to human health. Also, potato is an industrial plant because a significant part of the produced potato is used in the food industry, etc.Also, potato is an industrial plant because a significant part of the produced potato is used in the food industry, etc., and the attention to the quality of potato from the point of view of industrial consumption is increasing; As a result, the production of potatoes that are of high quality in terms of processing industries is of particular importance.

    Studies indicate the superiority of some potato varieties for organic product production; Because these cultivars are more resistant to pests and diseases and respond better to environmental factors affecting growth such as fertilizers (Bradshaw et al., 2007). Since the mutual effect of varieties and organic fertilizers and the diversity of the use of these fertilizers in the production of crops, especially in the potato plant, has been less studied, and there is also the need to produce a clean product for export and other food and industrial uses in the country, therefore this research was carried out with the following objectives:

    1- Comparison of potato varieties in terms of response to different sources of fertilizer

    2- Comparison of the use of different sources of chemical fertilizers and organic matter on vegetative characteristics and tuber performance

    3- Evaluation of the qualitative characteristics of potato tuber in response to the use of different sources of fertilizer

    Also, the assumptions of the research were:

    There will be a significant difference between potato cultivars in terms of response to organic substances under investigation.

    There will be a significant difference between different levels of organic fertilizers in terms of the effect on potato yield.

    Organic fertilizers have a significant advantage over chemical fertilizers in the growth and yield of potatoes.

    The interaction between fertilizer and variety becomes significant for the quantitative and qualitative yield of potatoes.

    Abstract

    An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic manures on growth and yield of potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) for organic potato production. Experimental design was factorial based on RCBD with three replications. Two potato cultivars (Sante and Marfona) and seven levels of fertilizer (non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and five organic fertilizers were including manure, granulated chicken manure, common manure, compost, vermicompost and tea compost) were evaluated. ANOVA indicated significant effects of fertilizer levels on the number of tubers per plant and harvested area (p? 0.05), the yield of tubers per plant and per hectare (p? 0.01). Mean comparisons showed that the highest tuber yield (about 35 tons/ha) was obtained using chicken manure. This amount was upper about 10-18 tones per hectare as compared to vermicompost and check treatment respectively and its difference was significant over the other treatments. Nonsignificant difference was recorded for tuber yield due to application of all fertilizers except check manure. ANOVA for biochemical traits showed a significant effect of fertilizer on the percentage of starch (p ? 0.01). Cultivar fertilizer interaction was significant for percentage of the tuber dry matter (p ? 0.05). The effect of fertilizer was significant for sugar percentage (p?0.05). Mean comparisons indicated that the highest starch percentage (about 80%) was obtained using chicken manure and vermicompost. This was significantly higher than the other fertilizers.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of organic materials on the growth and performance of potato cultivars with the aim of producing organic (pure) products.

    List:

    Introduction..1

    Chapter One

    Overview

    1-1- Potatoes..5

      1-1-1- Potato botany.5

       1-1-2- The value and importance of eating potatoes.

       1-1-3- Importance of potatoes from the economic point of view.

    1-1-4- The amount of production and area under potato cultivation. 8

    1-1-5- Agronomic points of potato cultivation. 10

    1-2- The importance of organic fertilizers and potato cultivation. 11

    Chapter Two

    Review of sources

    2-1- An overview of the research conducted on the effect of organic fertilizers on potatoes and other products. 15

    2-2- Research related to the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on potato cultivars. 29

    Chapter 3

    Materials and methods

    3-1- Place and time of research implementation. 36

    3-2- Experimental design and treatments used. 37

    3-3- Operations of land preparation, planting, planting and harvesting. 38

    3-4- Traits Measured. 41

    3-4-1- Physiological traits. 41

    3-4-1-1- Chlorophyll fluorescence. 41

    Title .. page

    3-4-1-2- Relative chlorophyll amount (spd number). 42

    3-4-2- Traits Morphological. 42 3-4-2-1- Diameter and number of stem. 42 3-4-2-2- Plant height. 42 3-4-2-3- Tuber diameter. 42 3-4-3- Function and its components. 42 3-4-3-1- Number of tuber. per unit area. 42 3-4-3-2- tuber weight per unit area. 43 3-4-3-3- number and weight of tubers per plant. 43 3-4-3-5 tuber yield per hectare. 43 3-4-3-6 total dry matter per unit area. 43 3-4-3-7- harvest index per surface unit. 43

    3-4-4- biochemical and qualitative traits. 43

    3-4-4-1- crude protein and nitrogen. 44

    3-4-4-2- phosphorus and potassium. 44

    3-4-4-4- Crude oil, sugar and fiber. 44

    3-4-4-5- Percentage of dry matter. 45

    3-5- Software and statistical analysis methods used. 45

    Chapter four

    Results and discussion

    4-1- Variance analysis results and average comparison. 47

       4-1-1- Analysis of variance and average comparison of morphological traits. 47

    Title ..page

    4-1-2- Analysis of variance of physiological traits. 51

    4-1-3- Analysis of variance and comparison of average performance and performance components. 52

    4-1-4- Analysis of variance and average comparison of qualitative traits and Biochemical. 61

    4-2- Simple correlation analysis for measured traits. 69

    Conclusion and suggestions. 75

    Resources used. .78

     

     

    Source:

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    Sajdi, N. A., Sheikh Alivand, S., Madani, H., Safri Kamalabadi, H. 2018. The effect of planting date and nitrogen levels on Marquis variety potato agronomic traits. New Agricultural Findings, 3 (3): 301-287. Sharifi, M., Haj Abbasi, M. A., Kolbasi, M. and Mebli, M. 2014. Root morphological characteristics and nitrogen absorption in eight potato cultivars. Quarterly Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques and Natural Resources, 1 (31): 181-186.

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    Falah, S., Qalavand, A., Samar, S.M., Yadavi, A. 2018. The effect of chicken manure and how it is mixed with soil on the concentration of nutrients in corn seeds. Research and Construction, 24 (4): 47-40.

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Investigating the effect of organic materials on the growth and performance of potato cultivars with the aim of producing organic (pure) products.
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