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  3. Identification of promoting and inhibiting factors of the project of equipping and renovating paddy lands in the west of Gilan province

Identification of promoting and inhibiting factors of the project of equipping and renovating paddy lands in the west of Gilan province

Number of pages: 78 File Format: word File Code: 32521
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Agricultural management - Driving factors - Equipping and renovating - inhibiting factors - Land renovation - Paddy fields - rice - rice farming - second crop
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  • Summary of Identification of promoting and inhibiting factors of the project of equipping and renovating paddy lands in the west of Gilan province

    Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.Sc.)

    Field: Agricultural Management

    Abstract

    Equipping and renovating paddy fields is one of the important steps to create the necessary infrastructure to produce as much rice as possible. Operation in one sentence is the optimal use of water, soil and inputs. In this regard, in order to investigate the factors promoting and inhibiting the development of equipping and modernizing paddy lands in the west of Gilan province, a correlational research was conducted and it is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research included management experts of the agricultural jihad in the west of Gilan province (managers, technical assistants, water and soil experts, managers of plant production units and managers of centers) as well as agricultural supervisors with at least one year of work experience in the field of land equipping and renovation projects. Based on this, the opinions of 119 people were collected and analyzed statistically. According to the results of this research, eliminating the extra boundaries, proper access to roads and drains, reducing the cost of production and increasing the income of farmers are among the most effective factors promoting the plan of equipping and renovating rice fields in the west of Gilan province. And on the other hand, increasing the production per unit area, increasing the area under second cultivation and creating production companies and cooperatives are the least effective promoters of the plan to equip and modernize paddy fields. Also, lack of timely delivery of land, lack of completion of ancillary projects such as sandblasting and piping, and lack of assurance of fair distribution are among the most effective factors hindering the plan to equip and modernize paddy fields in the west of Gilan province. And on the other hand, the change of use due to the creation of proper access to the road, the disruption of the existing balance of the peasant society in the production method and the lack of replacement of a suitable method, the reduction of the cultivation area of ??local cultivars and the risk of reducing the diversity of the least effective cultivars are the most effective factors preventing the plan to equip and modernize the paddy fields in the west of Gilan province. rtl;"> 

     

     

    1-1- Introduction

    Land is one of the limited and non-renewable resources of consumption, which is considered as a source of livelihood and financial security transferred between generations and as wealth, especially in the northern provinces, which is the main source of livelihood for most people. is The relationship between land and people is deep, and people's understanding of life, wealth, social status, and aspirations are closely tied to land. The smallness and distribution of agricultural plots as one of the problems of Iran's agriculture has made it difficult to use machinery in these lands and increased the costs and as a result the production and productivity of the farm has decreased. These characteristics are common in Iran's paddy fields as well, as the scattering of small fields and their inappropriate geometric shape causes the non-optimal use of production resources and inputs, and as a result, on the one hand, it increases the cost of production, and on the other hand, it prevents reaching the maximum production and makes advanced practices and methods in agriculture difficult. In this regard, equipping and renovating paddy fields is one of the important steps of the necessary infrastructure for more and more economic production of rice. The purpose of this operation is to organize the paddy fields, increase the efficiency of irrigation, increase the efficiency of the use of machinery and speed up the collection of scattered parts, build agricultural roads, provide the ground to prevent the change of land use, increase the drainage capacity of the land for the development of the second crop after rice and in one sentence, the optimal use of water and soil resources and inputs (Yazdani, 2013). 

    The examination of scientific resources in this field indicates that research resources are limited inside the country, at the same time, analytical investigations and questionnaire studies have been somewhat prevalent, so that it can be claimed that no coordination between the value and importance of the work with the amount of related scientific activities is observed. Considering the extent of social and economic aspects of this project, and the multifaceted nature of the changes made in the farm, it is not easy to carry out scientific activities considering the available facilities and the implementation procedure of research projects in the country.On the other hand, the plans for the development and equipping of paddy fields in rice-growing countries have been started years ago and related research issues have been investigated in those years. It is obvious that the implementation results and experiences of similar rice production projects in the conditions of our country do not fully match and cannot be easily used, but taking into account all the necessary considerations in the field of technology transfer, it is necessary to act according to the special conditions of the country and regional considerations (Yazdani, 1382).

    According to the studies conducted, four factors are effective in the success of the plan to equip and modernize agricultural lands, which are: cultural factors, economic factors, social factors, and technical and executive factors. Among the influential variables in the plan of equipping and renovation are laws, ownership, technical knowledge, timely delivery of agricultural land, construction of roads between farms, construction of suitable canals, reduction of water consumption, traditional beliefs and production cost reduction. The most important inhibiting priorities in the development of the plan for equipping and modernization are cultural and social issues, which are caused by low literacy and, as a result, the lack of necessary technical knowledge and some traditional beliefs, and the most important goal of implementing these plans is to reduce production costs and increase the income of farmers (Ashkar Ahangar Klay et al., 2015).

    and the renovation of paddy fields in the west of Gilan should be emphasized. And therefore, taking into account that the equipping and renovation of paddy lands is at the beginning of evolution and scientific excellence, surely its shortcomings and disadvantages are becoming apparent day by day, and it causes more attention and the presentation of scientific and practical solutions by related experts, contractors, students and all classes that are related to this issue in some way, which is the basis of scientific research and practical research at all levels. Rice cultivation, investigating the identification of promoting and inhibiting factors and eliminating work defects will lead to more productivity, and the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad will implement the plan with a more coherent plan, and also, by implementing the plan, farmers will benefit more from the mechanization advances in their production process.

     

    1-2- Statement of the problem

    Optimal use of agricultural land for self-sufficiency in the production of strategic products is one of the most important goals of sustainable agricultural development and one of the most important goals of economic development in our country, and the increase in agricultural production due to the limitation of the cultivated area depends on increasing the production per unit area by using new technologies.

    One ??of the main axes of the economic development of the country is the development of the agricultural sector and the optimal use of water and soil resources with the aim of creating food security for the growing population of the country. The agricultural sector has been considered both directly and indirectly due to the development experience of industrialized countries and for economic, political and social reasons, as well as the fact that a significant part of the population is employed in this field. As far as Iran is concerned, the studies show that despite the implementation of various agricultural and rural development programs in the past decades by this sector compared to other sectors, it has not grown properly and in some cases it has had a downward trend (Shakuri, 2012). The dispersion, irregularity and smallness of a wide area of ??the machinery related to cultivation seems very difficult and impossible. The difficulty of agricultural work in the lands of paddy fields has naturally caused the process of rice cultivation to require human labor from the beginning to the end, and scattered and small-scale cultivation along with the desire to engage in more profitable and less laborious work along with the development of non-agricultural activities has caused a significant part of valuable agricultural lands to be out of production or disproportionately to agricultural activities (Yagoubi and Kabiri, 1997).

  • Contents & References of Identification of promoting and inhibiting factors of the project of equipping and renovating paddy lands in the west of Gilan province

    List:

    The first chapter (research generalities). 1

    1-1- Introduction.. 2

    1-2- Statement of the problem.. 3

    1-3- Importance and necessity of research.. 5

    1-4- Research objectives.. 6

    1-5- Research questions.. 6

    1-6- Scope of research.. 6

    1-7- Limitation of research.. 6

    1-8- key words.. 7

    Chapter two (review of sources). 8

    2-1- The history and importance of rice.. 9

    2-2- Exploitation system.. 13

    3-2- Records of agrarian reforms.. 14

    2-4- Quantitative dimensions of peasant exploitation. 15

    2-5- Quantitative dimensions of peasant operations in Gilan. 20

    6-2- Excerpts from the law and executive regulations to prevent fragmentation of agricultural lands and create economically suitable plots approved in 1385.  23

    2-7- Paddy land equipping and renovation plan. 25

    2-7-1- Honorary studies.. 25

    2-7-1-1- (phase one studies). 25

    2-7-1-2- Phase two studies.. 26

    2-7-1-2-1- Conducting basic studies. 26

    2-7-1-2-2- Preparation of required maps. 26

    2-7-1-2-3- Design stage.. 27

    2-7-1-2-4- Implementation stage.. 27

    2-8- Experience of other countries in the field of land integration. 27

    2-9- An overview of research conducted in Iran. 30

    2-10- The theoretical framework of the research.. 35

    The third chapter (materials and methods). 39

    3-1 - The geographical location of Gilan province. 40

    3-2- The process of implementing the plan for equipping and renovating paddy fields in the west of Gilan province. 41

    Astara.

    Sara Monastery..46

    Foman..47

    Shaft..48

    Bander Anzali..49

    3-3- Research method.. 51

    3-4- Statistical population and sampling method. 51

    3-5 - Research tools.. 51

    3-6- Statistical methods and data analysis. 52

    Chapter four (data analysis and research results). 54

    4-1- Findings of the research.. 55

    4-2- Ranking of driving factors in the plan of equipping and modernizing paddy fields in the west of Gilan province. 57

    4-3- Ranking of the factors inhibiting the plan of equipping and modernizing paddy fields in the west of Gilan province. 59

    4-4- Factor analysis of the components of driving factors in the planning process of equipping and renovating rice fields. 61

    4-5- Factorial analysis of the components of the inhibiting factors in the process of planing to equip and renovate paddy fields. 64

    Chapter five (discussion, conclusions and suggestions). 67

    5-1- Summary of the research.. 68

    5-2- Research findings.. 70

    5-3- Descriptive results.. 70

    5-4- Individual characteristics.. 70

    5-5- Factor analysis.. 71

    5-6- Ranking of driving factors. 71

    5-7- Ranking of inhibiting factors. 71

    5-8- Factor analysis of the components of driving factors in the planning process of land equipping and renovation. 72

    5-9- Factorial analysis of the components of the inhibiting factors in the process of the plan of equipping and renovating the land. 72

    5-10- discussion and conclusion. 72

    5-11- suggestions.. 74

    5-12- suggestions for future research. 75

    Sources and reference

    Source:

    1- Ebrahimi, M., Kalantari, K., Asadi, A., Mohdmohammadi, H. and Saleh, A. (1388). Analysis of the equipment plan for the renovation of paddy fields from the experts' point of view. Journal of Economic Research and Agricultural Development of Iran, Volume, 2-41, No. 3, pp. 299-312.

    2- Ebrahimi, M., Kalantari, K., Asadi, A., Mohadmohammadi, H. and Saleh, A. (2007). Examining the advantages and disadvantages of the plan to equip and modernize paddy fields in Gilan province from the perspective of strategic management. 3- Ahmadi, A. and Amini, A. (1386). Factors affecting the demand for agricultural land integration projects from the point of view of experts in Kermanshah city and Lanjanat region of Isfahan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques and Natural Resources, Year 11, Number 42 (A).

    4- Ezkia, M. (2007). Sociology of rural development and underdevelopment in Iran. Eighth edition. Publisher: Tehran, Information Publications.

    5- Asadi, R., Yazdani, M. and Mohammadian, M. (1381). Evaluation of how to level in plans for equipping and renovating paddy lands. Publisher: Vice President of Rice Research Institute of the country in Mazandaran, Amol. 6- Asadi, R., Yazdani, M. and Mohammadian, M. (1381). Evaluation of roads and farm facilities in plans for equipping and renovating paddy fields. Publisher: Vice President of Rice Research Institute of Mazandaran,Publisher: Vice-Chancellor of Rice Research Institute of the country in Mazandaran, Amol.

    7- Asadi, R., Yazdani, M., Mohammadian, M. and Massoud, P. (1381). Evaluation of irrigation and drainage channels in plans for equipping and renovating paddy fields. Publisher: Vice-Chancellor of Rice Research Institute of the country in Mazandaran, Amol. 8- Aghagolzadeh, H. and Hosseini, M. (1383). The necessity and method of creating a hard layer of soil in the projects of leveling and consolidation of paddy lands. Collection of articles of the first training workshop on the basics of planning in equipping and renovating paddy lands, July 28, 2013, Gilan University.

    9- Gilan Province Agricultural Jihad Department, (13875) rice cultivation status statistics in Gilan Province.

    10- Agricultural statistics (2008). Office of Statistics and Information Technology of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. 11 - Agricultural statistics (1389), Crops, crop year 1389-90, (Volume 1). Tehran: Publications of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Planning and Economic Deputy, Office of Statistics and Information Technology. 12- Amirnejad, H. and Rafiei, H. (1388). Investigating effective factors in accepting the integration of rice farmers' lands in selected villages of Mazandaran province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques and Natural Resources, 13th year, 48th issue, summer, pp. 212-223.

    13- Amirnejad, H. and Rafiei, H. (1388). Economic and financial evaluation of land integration of Dasht Hazar villages in Mazandaran province, Fazlnameh Village and Development, year 12, number 4, pp. 123-99. 14- Ahangarkalai, M., Asadpour, H. and Alipour, A. (1385). Investigating the attitude of farmers to the land consolidation plan in Mazandaran rice fields, a case study of Gliard village in Joibar city. Fazlnameh Agricultural Economy, 14th year, number 55, pp. 115-128. 15- Amini, A., Ahmadi, A. and Pope Zan, A. Investigation and the reasons for the opposition of the farmers to the implementation of agricultural land integration projects in Kermanshah city and Lanjanat region of Isfahan province.

    16- Bafker, H. (1372). Dispersion and integration of agricultural lands, a search in the background and causes and effects. Fazlnameh Scientific, Research Agricultural Economics and Development, No. 2, pp. 166-180.

    17. and Mirzaei, G. (1381). Economic achievements of the project of equipping, renovating and integrating paddy lands in Mazandaran province. Abstract of the first applied scientific collection of equipping, renovating and integrating rice fields in the country, 20 and 21 December 2011, Qaimshahr.

    18 - Hosni Moghadam, M. (1381). Integrating and equipping and renovating lands in rice production. Abstract of the first applied scientific collection of equipping, renovating and integrating the country's paddy lands, December 20 and 21, 2011, Qaimshahr.

    19- Khodabande, N. (1369). cereal Publisher, Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University. 20- Razavipour, T. and Arabzadeh, b. (1380). Evaluation of the uniformity of soils in the areas of Tehiz plan in Gilan province. Country Rice Research Institute. 21-Zamani, Q. and Alizadeh, M. (1384). Characteristics, identification and transformation of different varieties of Iranian rice. First edition, publisher: Rangin Qalam Publishing Cultural Institute.

    22 - Gilan Province Agricultural Jihad Organization (1386). Investigating and studying the feasibility of second cropping in paddy fields. Publications of Gilan Province Agricultural Jihad Organization.

    23 - Sobhanipur, 1. (1376). The principles and basics of preparing a plan for equipping and renovating land. Internal Publications of Water and Soil Management Organization of Gilan Province Agricultural Jihad. 24 - Sarmad, Z., Bazargan, A. and Hijazi, 1. (1377). Research methods in behavioral sciences. Ahaat Publications.

    25- Suri Garji, M. (1387). Investigating the optimal size of plots in the project of equipping and renovating land in Miankale villages. Journal of Agriculture, Mushroom, Rice and Wheat Articles Collection, No. 22, pp. 111-122.

    26 - Sharifi, A. and Adeli, M. (1390). Factor analysis of obstacles in the field of entrepreneurship of women farmers from the point of view of sample women in Jiroft and Kahnuj region. Journal of Law and Development (Women's Research), 5th year, 1st issue. 27- Shabani, A; Parekar, and Roozkhosh, A. (1383). The effect of environmental conditions on the design and implementation methods of equipping and renovating paddy fields. Proceedings of the first training workshop on the basics of design in equipping and renovating paddy fields, July 28, 2013, Gilan University. 

    28 - Shakuri, A. (1382). Agricultural development and social development in Iran. Summary of the articles of the first conference on agriculture and national development, December 2012, Tehran International Broadcast Conference Center.

    29- Zarifian, Sh., Damavandi, A. and Saadi, H. (1391). Factors affecting the acceptance of the implementation of the land integration plan in the villages of Kabudar Anga in Hamadan province.

Identification of promoting and inhibiting factors of the project of equipping and renovating paddy lands in the west of Gilan province
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