Word Files
Reference for Downloading Educational Files
  2. Agricultural Engineering
  3. Investigating the effect of cow manure compost in the cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of bird of paradise plant

Investigating the effect of cow manure compost in the cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of bird of paradise plant

Number of pages: 80 File Format: word File Code: 32517
Year: 2012 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: bird of paradise - chemical fertilizer - compost - Cow manure compost - Growth indicators - Irrigation - saltiness - Strelitzia - Strelitzia Regina
  • Part of the Content
  • Contents & Resources

  • Summary of Investigating the effect of cow manure compost in the cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of bird of paradise plant

    Academic Thesis for Master's Degree (M.S)

    Field: Agriculture, Major: Horticulture

    Abstract

    Sterlitzia regina ornamental plant is a permanent and valuable plant. It is very important to pay attention to the substrate and its cultivation environment. Among the most important factors that should be considered in the cultivation of plants, especially permanent plants, is nutrition and measuring the degree of sensitivity or resistance of the desired plant to salinity, with this description, some of the soils and even waters of Iran are facing salinity. Also, the amount of organic matter and the concentration of some nutrients in the soil are small. On the other hand, feeding with the use of chemical fertilizers, in addition to the destruction of the soil structure and texture, will also result in harmful environmental effects and more soil salinity in the long term. For this reason, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with two factors of cultivation substrate and irrigation water salinity, including control cultivation substrate (100% agricultural soil), 100% agricultural soil along with the use of chemical fertilizers, amounts of 15, 30 and 45% cow manure compost instead of agricultural soil and water salinity treatments including 1- irrigation water of the area (control), 2- irrigation water with salinity 1, 2, 4 and 6 decisions per meter were designed. Based on this, the effects of 25 treatments and each treatment in 3 replications on the growth of Strelitzia plants were investigated. After 8 months, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf width and plant height were measured. The results showed that all the growth indicators increased significantly with the addition of cow dung compost in the culture bed compared to the control. Also, compared to the application of chemical fertilizers, most plant growth indicators such as fresh and dry weight of shoots, roots, leaf area, number of leaves and height increased. In salinity treatments, no significant difference in growth disturbance was observed, and even in some salinity treatments, an increase in growth was observed compared to the control. In general, the results showed that the addition of cow manure compost in the cultivation bed of Strelitzia plant can be a suitable alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation bed, and this plant has the ability to grow and develop up to 6 ds/m water salinity. Chemical.

    - The commercial situation of flowers and plants in the world

    The commercial production of ornamental plants is a global cultivation. Its economic value has increased significantly in the last two decades, and there is great potential for its continuous cultivation in the future both in domestic and international markets (Roth[1] et al., 2006).

    The top four exporters (Netherlands, Colombia, Italy, Israel) account for about 80% of the world market. The share of developing countries, Africa, Asia and Latin America, in order to provide the necessary cultivation materials for the commercial production of ornamental plants, gardens and green spaces, is less than 20%. More and better quality of planting material is the basic need of producers to increase productivity and profitability (Roth et al., 2006). Based on the statistics of the International Center for Statistics of Flowers and Ornamental Plants (AIPH) in 2000, the total area of ??flowers and plants in the world is reported to be 360,000 hectares, whose value is estimated to be over 60 billion dollars. Also, this center announced that the 10 most important countries in terms of the cultivated area of ??flowers and ornamental plants are Japan, Italy, Holland, America, Mexico, Spain, Germany, Colombia, France, Occupied Palestine and Iran, with about 4400 hectares of cultivated area, has the twelfth rank. Currently, the value of plant and flower production in the world has increased to more than 100 billion dollars (Iranian Trade Development Organization, 1389.www.top.ir).

    1-2- The state of cut flower trade in the world

    Only the world export of cut flowers in 2008 was worth 6 billion and 635 million dollars. In 2005, this figure reached 9.5 billion dollars. The global economic recession, especially in Europe, had an effect on these ups and downs (Iranian Trade Development Organization, 2009). 1-3- The situation of flowers and plants in Iran.

    1-3- The situation of flowers and plants in Iran

    Iran is one of the natural birthplaces of ornamental plants such as tulips, hyacinths, lilies and some shrubs and a large number of fruit trees, and there are documents related to this issue in the scientific sources of the world. However, in terms of economy and export of flowers and plants, Iran still does not have a good position in the world (special letter). Baghdar, 1387). In the years before 1357, Iran was one of the largest importers of flowers and ornamental plants, but today it has been promoted to the position of a flower exporter, for example, we can mention the export of Maryam, Galile, Lily, etc. flowers. But what is important is that Iran ranks 107th in the world in terms of exports. Today, in order to gain a suitable position in the world markets, it is necessary to produce an excellent product that can compete with other countries (Bashira Azmi, 1375).

    1-4- Geographical location of Iran in terms of production and exports

    The geographical location of Iran is important from two points of view:

    A: in terms of climate B: Position in relation to neighboring countries

    Iran is located in an area with long days and full sunlight, and from this point of view, it is possible to save a lot of costs related to heating and keeping the greenhouses lit, which is very important for planting and propagating ornamental plants. In addition to this position, Iran is economically important because it is located next to the countries with high consumption of flowers and plants. Iran's northern and southern neighbors are very good buyers of ornamental plants. Having a balanced and relatively stable and permanent market, Iran is able to find its real position in this field (Baghdar Special Letter, 2007).

    Today, the cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants has become an employment-generating and money-making industry. Iran is a developing country, and in this regard, its non-oil exports should increase day by day. So far, 14 types of climates are known in the world, of which 12 types exist in our vast land. Perhaps you can find the lowest country where the temperature difference is between 25 and 40 degrees Celsius throughout the year and you can grow all kinds of flowers and plants in that land, but Iran has such weather conditions thanks to the grace and blessing of God. Today, we are witnessing that many countries in the world, without having such climatic conditions, have succeeded in cultivating all kinds of plants in artificial conditions by using modern science and technology and taking a potential share of this profitable business in international arenas (Baghdar's special letter, 2017). Plants, in addition to creating jobs, provide a lot of income to our country. In terms of climatic and light conditions, our country has special advantages compared to the major global producers, however, due to not observing the correct nutritional principles and not using suitable substrates, low quality plants are produced that have no export value (Mohoboob Khammami, 1385).

    Currently, in our country, only a limited area of ??the north of the country in Mazandaran and Gilan provinces is being cultivated (Padesh Dehkaei and Kafi, 1381). In the flower markets inside the country, the demand for flowers and leaves of the Strelitzia plant is increasing with each passing day. This increase in demand, in addition to its beauty and unique shape, is due to the long and natural durability of Strelitzia flowers and leaves, even without the use of preservatives. If it has more potential for export and earning money than many other flowers and ornamental plants. salinity of 1, 2, 4, and 6 ds m-1, to examine the substitution of animal manure compost for inorganic fertilizers and the possibility of cultivation of Strelitzia plant in the areas with saline water.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the effect of cow manure compost in the cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of bird of paradise plant

    List:

    Chapter 1: Research overview 1

    1-1- Commercial status of flowers and plants in the world. 2

    1-2- The status of cut flowers trade in the world. 2

    1-3- Flower and plant situation in Iran. 2

    1-4- The geographical position of Iran in terms of production and export. 3

    1-5- Cultivation status of Strelitzia plant in Iran. 4

    1-6- Flower and plant export in Iran. 4

    1-7- Some desirable characteristics of cultivation beds. 4

    1 - 7 - 1 - organic matter. 4

    1 - 7 - 2 - Cultivation acidity (pH) 4

    1 - 7 - 3 - C/N ratio of culture media. 5

    1 - 7 - 4 - Electrical conductivity (EC) in culture beds. 5

    1- 7- 5 - Electrical conductivity (EC) and CEC in the cultivation bed of ornamental plants. 5

    1-7-6- Porosity of culture beds. 6

    1-7-7- water storage capacity. 6

    1-8 - Importance of Strelitzia Regina plant 6

    1-9 - Origin of Strelitzia Regina plant 6

    1-10- Botanical features of Strelitzia 7

    1-11- Morphology and anatomy of bird of paradise flower. 7

    1-12 - breeding and maintenance. 8

    1-12-1- Irrigation. 8

    1-12-2- Temperature 8

    1-12-3- Light 8

    1-12-4- Cultivation bed. 8

    1-12- 5- Fertilizing and feeding. 8

    1-13 - Flowering and its factors. 9

    1-14- Increase and abundance 9

    1-15- Pests and diseases 9

    Chapter two: review of sources. 10

    2-1 - Salinity situation in Iran. 11

    2-2 - The effect of salinity on plants. 11

    2-3- The effect of salinity on ornamental plants. 12

    2- 4- The reasons for creating salinity in the soil. 14

    2-4-1- Soil salinity from road salt 14

    2-4-2- Soil salinity due to irrigation. 14

    2-4-3- Soil salinity due to excessive use of fertilizer 14

    2-4-4- Soil salinity due to weathering of rocks (inherent salinity) 15

    2-4-5 - Sodium soils. 15

    2- 5- The amount of salt in animal manure. 15

    2-6- The condition of Iran's soils in terms of organic matter. 15

    2-7- The status of animal manure production in the world. 16

    2-8- The state of production of animal and organic fertilizers in the country 16

    2-9- The benefits of compost as a part of the substrate for growing plants. 16

    2-10- The composition and characteristics of manure (animal) 17

    2-11- Factors affecting the chemical composition of manure 18

    2-12- The nutritional value of manure (animal) 18

    2-13- The method and time of using manure (animal) 18

    2-14- The effect of manure compost Animal on ornamental plants. 19-2-15- The state of production of animal and organic fertilizers in the country 20-2-16- The effect of the use of organic materials and animal manure on the properties and performance of plants. 20

    2- 17- Investigating the effect of chemical fertilizers on plants and the environment. 21

    2-18- The importance of culture beds. 21

    2-19- Types of cultivation beds. 22

    2-19-1- Beds without soil. 22

    2-19-2- Pete. 22

    2-19-3- Sphagnum peat (peat moss) 23

    2-19-4- Hypnum moss. 24

    2-19-5- Piet Ni Jagani. 24

    2-19-6- humus peat. 25

    2-19-7- Tree bark. 35

    2-19-8- Cocopit. 26

    2-19-9- Perlite. 26

    2-19-10- Vermiculite. 27

    2-19-11-Zeolite. 28

    2-20- Organic fertilizers: 28

    Chapter three: materials and methods 29

    3-1- Test design. 30

    3-2- The place and date of the test. 30

    3-3-1- Plant materials. 30

    3-4- Preparation of culture beds. 31

    3-4-1- Materials used 31

    3-4-1-1- Agricultural soil. 31

    3-4-1-2- Cow manure compost. 31

    3-4-1-3- Rice husk. 32

    3-4-1-4- chemical fertilizers. 32

    3-4-1-4-1- superphosphate fertilizer. 32

    3-4-1-4-2- Urea fertilizer 32

    3-4-1-4-3- Crystallon fertilizer. 33 5-3-Determination of EC and PH of irrigation water and culture substrate materials at the beginning of the experiment. 33 6- Preparation of saline solution (brine water) using sodium salt (NA) 33 3-7- Experimental treatments. 34

    3-8- Planting of Strelitzia regina plant in the main tested beds. 35

    9-3- Practical work method during the test period. 35

    3-10- Measurement of plant growth indicators 37

    3-11-Measurement of plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and circumference of the plant crown 37

    3-11-1-Measurement of fresh weight of plant shoot 39

    3-11-2-Measurement of root wet weight. 39

    3-11-3-39

    3-11-3- Measurement of dry weight of shoots and roots. 40

    3-11-4- Measurement of pH and EC in the culture bed. 40

    3-11-5- Statistical calculations. 41

    Chapter four: data analysis and research findings. 42

    4-1- The effect of different levels of water salinity and cow dung compost on the cultivation and growth of Sterilzia plant 43

    4-1-1- The effect of cow dung compost on the cultivation and growth of Sterilzia plant. 43

    4-1-2- The effect of electrical conductivity (EC) of the cultivation substrate. 43

    4-1-3- The effect on the pH of the cultivation substrate 43. 4-2-Effect of cultivation substrate (cow manure compost) on growth index of Strelitzia plant 44 4-2-1- Height. 44

    4-2-2- Collar diameter. 45

    4-2-3- Wet weight of aerial parts. 45

    4-2-4- dry weight of shoot. 46

    4-2-5- root fresh weight. 47

    4-2-6- Root dry weight. 48

    4-2-7- The number of leaves. 49

    4-2-8- Leaf blade area. 50

    4-3- The effect of irrigation water salinity on the culture bed of Strelitzia 50

    4-4- The effect of salinity on the electrical conductivity (CE) of the culture bed. 50

    4-5- The effect of salinity on the pH of the culture bed. 51

    4-6- The effect of irrigation water salinity on the growth of the Strelitzia plant. 51

    4-6-1- Height. 51

    2-6-2- The crown diameter. 52

    4-6-3- Fresh weight of shoot. 53

    4-6-4- dry weight of shoot. 54

    4-6-5- root fresh weight. 55

    4-6-6- root dry weight. 56

    4-6-7- Number of leaves. 57

    4-6-8- leaf area. 57

    4-7- The mutual effect of cultivation medium and salinity on growth indicators of Strelitzia plant. 58

    4-8- Mutual effects of cow manure compost and irrigation water salinity on EC and PH of cultivation medium. 58

    4-8-1- Height. 59

    4-8-2- Crown circumference. 59

    4-8-3- Organ dry weight Aerial. 59

    4-8-4- Fresh weight of shoot. 59

    4-6-5- Fresh weight of root. 59

    4-6-6- root dry weight. 60

    4-6-7- The area of ??the leaf blade. 60

    The fifth chapter; Discussion, conclusions and suggestions. 70

    5-1- Discussion. 71

    5-1-1-Effect of different levels of water salinity and cow manure compost on cultivation and growth of Strelitzia plant 71

    5-1-2-Comparison of cow manure compost on EC of cultivation medium. 71

    5-1-1-3- The effect of EC irrigation water salinity on the culture bed. 71

    5-1-4- The mutual effect of cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on EC. 71

    5-2- pH of culture medium. 72

    5-3- The effect of cultivation substrate on plant growth 72

    5-4- The effect of substrate on the number of leaves and leaf area of ??the plant 73

    5-5- The effect of irrigation water salinity on the growth of Strelitzia plant 73

    5-6- Final conclusion. 74

    5-7- Suggestions

    Source:

    M. and Behbahanizadeh, A. A. 1372. Description of chemical methods of soil decomposition. Technical Journal No. 893, Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran.

    Emami, A. 1375. Plant decomposition methods. Volume 1, Soil and Water Research Institute, Technical Publication No. 982.

    Aroei, H. Omidbeigi, R. and Kashi, A. 1379. The effect of salinity stress and nitrogen nutrition on free proline and naked seed pumpkin oil. Seedling and Seed Journal 16(3):373-359.

    Bashira Azmi, A. 1375. The status of production of flowers and ornamental plants in Iran and the world. A collection of scientific and specialized articles on green space. The first volume, pp: 61-59.

    Anonymous. 2017. Special for flowers and ornamental plants. Baghdar's visa letter, number 7, page 26.

    Padasht, M., N. and Kafi, M. 1381. Bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae). Shagaig Rusta Publications.

    Padasht, M.N., and Gholami, M. 2018. The effect of different cultivation substrates on the growth of potted plants Dracaena (Dracaena marginata Ait) and Papili (Beaucarnea recurvata Lem). Journal of Seedling and Seed Agriculture 2-25: 77-63.

    Jahan, M. 1383. Investigating the ecological aspects of mixed cultivation of chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla L and marigold Calendula officinalis L. together with animal manure. Master's thesis in the field of agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

    Jehan, M. 1387. Investigating the agroecological aspects of the symbiosis of corn with arbuscular mycorrhizae and nitrogen-fixing free-living bacteria in common and ecological agricultural systems. PhD thesis in agriculture (ecology orientation), Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

    Jahan, M., A. small Nasiri Mahalati, and F. Dehghanipur 1386. The effect of different levels of animal manure and the use of a guardian on the organic production of paper skin pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 5 (2): 289-281.  Hasandokht, M.

Investigating the effect of cow manure compost in the cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of bird of paradise plant
How To Access The File
Related Contents:
Number of pages: 105 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc.) Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of using silkworm waste compost as an organic fertilizer in order to reduce or at least adjust the amount of chemical fertilizers used and also to determine the best compost mixture for the ornamental plant Syngonium podophyllum. The treatments were: silkworm waste ...

Number of pages: 65 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree, field: agricultural engineering, major: agricultural management. Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the willingness of urban households in Gilan to pay for organic rice. The current research is applied and descriptive, correlational and field method using a questionnaire. The statistical ...

Number of pages: 104 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract of this research in order to investigate the effect of different treatments of organic and chemical fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the summer savory medicinal plant and the amount of its essential oil in the form of a factorial experiment and in the form of a completely randomized block design with four replications and 7 treatments ...

Number of pages: 125 Category: Biology - Environment

Master's thesis in the field of civil and environmental engineering. Abstract The main problem in using landfill biogas is the presence of pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide gas is colorless, toxic, flammable, and has an unpleasant odor. It is highly toxic and produces SO2 when biogas is burned. In addition, hydrogen sulfide has a corrosive effect. It costs a ...

Number of pages: 74 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Agricultural Engineering (M.Sc) Major: Agriculture Abstract In order to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen and organic fertilizers on the yield and yield components of Single Cross 704 corn in the experimental area of ??Dehleran in the summer of 2012, it was studied as a split-plot experiment in the form of a randomized ...

Number of pages: 91 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation to receive Master's degree (M.sc) in Horticultural Science Engineering, Physiology and Cultivation of Medicinal, Spices and Aromatic Plants. Its active medicinal compounds mainly include phenolic acids and alkamides. Different parts of the plant, including its roots and aerial parts, have many healing properties. The present research is to investigate the effect of ...

Number of pages: 84 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field: agricultural engineering, horticultural sciences, specialization: physiology and breeding of fruit trees. Abstract: Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth of plants in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. The importance of using water resources and the occurrence of recent ...

Number of pages: 52 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Horticultural Sciences, Flower and Ornamental Plants Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of replacing peat moss with new and inexpensive substrates, a research was conducted using parsley in the form of a completely randomized factorial experiment with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Planting substrates were peat moss, ...

Number of pages: 82 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for receiving the master's degree ""M.Sc. » Orientation: Agriculture Abstract This study was conducted in order to compare the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the yield and morphological traits of the spruce plant in the form of a randomized complete block design in 9 treatments and 4 replications in a plot of land with an area of ??800 square ...

Number of pages: 143 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in agriculture (M.Sc) Major: Agriculture Abstract: This split factorial experiment was carried out in the form of random complete blocks in 3 replications in Karaj city (agricultural engineering town) at the end of March 2012 in Karaj. This experiment includes 3 factors, irrigation in 2 levels (rainy conditions and supplementary ...