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Investigating the habitat conditions of mountain almond in the cabbage forest reserve of Badre city

Number of pages: 51 File Format: word File Code: 32494
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Cabbage storage - cam - Habitat conditions - Mountain almond - Mountain almond reserve - Physiographic factors
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  • Summary of Investigating the habitat conditions of mountain almond in the cabbage forest reserve of Badre city

    Dissertation for Master's Degree in Natural Resources (M. Sc)

    Inclination: Forestry and Ecology

    Abstract

    In this study, the reserve of mountain almond (Amygdalus Arabica Olive) in the Kolem area of ??Badreh, Ilam province, which is a reserve It is typical, it was investigated. First, in the area, the range of the cam reserve, its identification and polygon was digitally closed. Within the specified limits, the 200 x 200 meter statistical grid was designed in a regular-systematic random manner and for measuring shrubs and circular sample pieces with an area determined by the minimum surface method. The results of measuring quantitative and qualitative characteristics showed that these characteristics are fluctuating and to check the condition of the soil of the studied habitat, some physical and chemical characteristics of the soil such as soil texture, organic matter, organic carbon, acidity, total nitrogen, apparent specific gravity and electrical conductivity (Ec) were measured and studied in the center of each sample piece. The comparison of the averages related to the height above sea level showed that in the lower altitudes of the study area, which were mostly located inside the valley (elevation class 900-1000 meters), the number of shrubs, the number of shoots and the state of freshness had a higher average, and conversely, at higher altitudes (elevation class 1200-1100 meters), the average height of shrubs and the diameter of the crown were more. In relation to the physiographic factor of the range direction, the results showed that in the eastern directions of the study area, the number of shrubs, the number of shoots, and the height and diameter of their crowns had a higher average, and in the northern directions, the state of freshness of the shrubs was better than in other directions. The results of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of mountain almonds in different slopes showed that the highest number of shrubs and the number of group trees can be seen in the slope classes of 60-45% and the number of shrubs decreases in the low slope areas. In the slope classes of 30-45% height, the diameter of the crown and the freshness of the almond trees have a higher average.

    According to the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, the number of shrubs and their crown diameter have a positive and significant correlation with the organic matter of the soil at the level of 5%. Also, there is a positive and significant correlation between the number of shrubs and the number of search groups with total nitrogen, respectively, at the probability level of 1% and 5%. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of almond trees have a positive relationship with soil characteristics such as acidity, percentage of sand, organic matter and total nitrogen, and there is a negative relationship with soil characteristics such as percentage of clay and silt, although they are not significant. rtl;"> 

     

     

    - statement of the problem

    Ilam province has 641667 hectares of forests and 1146280 hectares of pastures, which in total constitute more than 87% of the province's natural resources. The amount is equal to 4% of the forests and 1% of the pastures of the country, as well as 10% of the forests and 6% of the pastures of Zagros. 66% of the forests of the province are made up of Tanak forest and it is part of the forest communities of dry and semi-arid areas of the Zagros Mountains, and its dominant type is Iranian oak species with 90%, wild pistachio species with 6% and the remaining 4% with mountain almonds, dagdaghan, kikam, badamek, etc. Among the rare plant species of Ilam province, we can include Mord, almond, cam, wild pear, sumac, purple, larg, zarbin and so on. . . He pointed out that forest reserves form the province.

    Almond is a shrub belonging to the Golsarkhian family [1] up to 6 meters high, with numerous branches, standing and hairless, green and cylindrical, linear leaves, flowers with a diameter of 25 mm and its flowering season is from March to April (Mozaffarian 1383). From an ecological point of view, almond forests are considered as one of the most important factors preventing the occurrence of floods in mountainous areas and the destruction of lands and agricultural products in many geographical and ecological regions.

    The mountain almond reserve of Badre cabbage region is considered one of the important habitats and one of the shrub genetic reserves in Iran.Lack of adequate knowledge of this reserve will be a serious obstacle in reviving its degraded habitats and planning for optimal management of existing habitats. Based on this, knowing the habitat needs of this species and determining its quantitative and qualitative characteristics can bring great help for the proper use of this species. In this regard, knowing the characteristics of the habitat of this species plays an effective role in suggesting species that are compatible with the soil conditions in similar areas, so the results of this research can be used to improve, restore and protect the vegetation of areas with similar conditions. Due to the endemicity of the cam species, its economic value in terms of fruit, medicinal, industrial and food production, its ecological importance and its use in watershed management and protection and restoration projects, and to prevent soil erosion, and the lack of sufficient information about the cam species, it has been selected to investigate and study its habitat in the cabbage reserve of Badreh city. The results obtained from this research can be used for the successful afforestation of cam species in Ilam province. has dedicated itself. The ecological value of these forests requires that the valuable species of these areas receive more scientific attention. The first step in protecting these valuable national reserves is to get to know their ecological characteristics and their ecosystems. Almond is one of the most valuable plants of Iran, which is distributed in the mountainous part of Iran and Turani region in the center, east and west. This genus has more than 40 species in some parts of the world, of which more than 30 species grow in Iran (Irannejad Parisi 1374). Almond species are economically important due to their medicinal, industrial and edible properties. Camdamek plant species can grow in many parts of the country (Alwani Nejad 1378). Therefore, it is appropriate that in order to preserve the diversity of species, develop the natural resources of the country, and preserve the environmental values, such species should receive more scientific attention. Due to the nature of implementation of biological stabilization projects, it is very important to know the factors that develop or limit plant species. The first step in choosing the right plant species is knowing the right substrate for survival, growth, reproduction and continuity of production. Among the most important factors in the success of forestry and forest management plans and projects is knowing the characteristics, needs and vegetative processes of plants and their interaction with habitat conditions. In addition to genetic characteristics, plant growth depends on environmental and habitat factors, which are combinations of soil characteristics, topography, weather, climate, and other ecological inputs. In planning for improvement and development of natural resources, in addition to the necessity of botanical studies for each plant species, knowledge of the plant's environmental needs should also be considered by the relevant experts.

    In this regard, knowledge of the ecological needs of the camomile species in the Kolem forest reserve of Badreh city in Ilam province in terms of soil, climate, topographical conditions and other environmental factors can make the protection, restoration and development programs of these forest resources more successful.

    In most of the national arenas, especially in Ilam province, it is currently not possible to use tree species, and recent experiences indicate the non-establishment or weak establishment of forestry with tree species. Therefore, at present, the only available solution is the use of shrub species, such as Camamek, which can play the role of precursors in the degraded areas of the Zagros forests. One of the most suitable species for reviving degraded areas is the use of almonds, especially almonds.

  • Contents & References of Investigating the habitat conditions of mountain almond in the cabbage forest reserve of Badre city

    List:

    Abstract. 1

    The first chapter: Research generalities

    1-1- statement of the problem. 3

    1-2- The importance and necessity of conducting research. 4

    1-3- Research questions. 5

    1-4- Objectives. 5

    1-5- Definitions and generalities. 6

    1-6- Summary and aspect of novelty and innovation in research. 12

    The second chapter: Review of literature and research background

    2-1-Review of sources. 14

    2-1-1- Review of research conducted inside the country 14

    2-1-2- Review of research conducted abroad 19

    Chapter three: Materials and methods

    3-1- Materials and methods 22

    3-1-1- Materials. 22

    3-1-1-1- Zagros habitat. 22

    3-1-1-2- Ecosystem of Ilam province. 22

    3-1-1-3- The study area. 23

    3-1-1-4- Climate. 23

    3-1-1-5- Geology. 25

    3-2- Research method. 26

    3-2-1- Preparing maps of physiographic factors. 26

    3-2-2- Soil sampling. 27

    3-2-2-1- Soil tests. 28

    3-2-3- Statistical population, sampling method and sample size. 28

    3-2-4- The investigated variables. 28

    3-2-5- Data analysis methods and tools 29

    Chapter four: Results

    4-1- Results. 31

    4-1-1- Preparing a map of physiographic factors. 31

    4-2- Preparing a map of the statistics network. 33

    4-3- Vegetation. 34

    4-4- Vegetative characteristics of the mass under study. 34

    4-4-1- Correlation analysis between vegetative characteristics. 37

    4-5- Investigating the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of mountain almond under the influence of physiographic factors: 38

    4-5-1- Height above sea level 38

    4-5-2- Geographical directions. 39

    4-5-3- slope of the domain. 40

    4-6- Soil condition of the study area. 42

    4-6-1- Examining the condition of the soil in different elevation classes. 42

    4-6-2- Examining the condition of the soil in different geographical directions. 42

    4-6-3- Investigating the condition of the soil in different slopes. 43

    4-6-4- Correlation coefficient between vegetative variables and soil properties. 44

    The fifth chapter: Discussion and conclusion

    5-1- Discussion and conclusion. 47

    5-2- Suggestions. 49

    Resources. 50

     

     

    Source:

     

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    Irannejad Parisi, M. (1374). Ecological survey of natural almond species communities in Kerman province, Tarbiat Modares University Master's thesis, p. 145.

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Investigating the habitat conditions of mountain almond in the cabbage forest reserve of Badre city
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