Word Files
Reference for Downloading Educational Files
  2. Agricultural Engineering
  3. Improving the shelf life of rose, sunflower and lisianthus cut flowers using sodium nitroprusside

Improving the shelf life of rose, sunflower and lisianthus cut flowers using sodium nitroprusside

Number of pages: 54 File Format: word File Code: 32491
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Cut flowers - Greenhouse rose - Lisianthus - Omar Goljaei - rose - rose - Rose cut flowers - sunflower
  • Part of the Content
  • Contents & Resources

  • Summary of Improving the shelf life of rose, sunflower and lisianthus cut flowers using sodium nitroprusside

    Master's thesis in the field of agricultural engineering - horticultural sciences

    Treatment: ornamental plants

    Abstract

    In order to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside on the flowering life of cut flowers of roses, sunflowers and lisianthus, a study in the form of a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with Two factors of sodium nitroprusside at four levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 ?M) were performed in 12 treatments, 3 replications and 36 plots with 180 flower branches. In this experiment, traits such as flower diameter (flower diameter reduction index), floret count, dry matter percentage, brix reduction, flower life, water absorption, petal protein content, bacteria count in flower solution and stem, leaf chlorophyll content and ethylene content were evaluated. The longest flowering time was obtained in roses with a concentration of 20 micromolar sodium nitroprusside and sunflower with a concentration of 60 micromolar sodium nitroprusside. Treatment with sodium nitroprusside increased the amount of water absorption, Brix degree and percentage of dry matter compared to the control treatment. The current research shows that by using appropriate concentrations of sodium nitroprusside, the life after harvesting of cut flowers of rose, sunflower and lisianthus can be increased. style="direction: rtl;">History, botany and distribution of roses

    The antiquity of roses goes back to ancient times. Rose fossils are from 35 to 70 million years ago. In ancient Greek and Roman civilizations and in mythology and literature, roses are mentioned as a symbol of love, beauty and happiness. Wild roses have existed since prehistoric times, and about 150 species of them have grown in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, and were later cultivated and bred by humans (Godin, 2001). In the 12th century AD, this flower was introduced to Europe, and because of its bright red color, it was called a rose. For the first time, Michel Adanson, a French naturalist, chose the name rose for the rose family in 1763 to 1963 (Haywood, 2007).

    Rose with the scientific name Rosa hybrida belongs to the rose family, and in terms of growth, bush shape and flower production, it is classified as miniature, patio, hybrid tea, floribanda, shrub and high roses. The process is divided. The plants of this family are herbaceous, tree or shrub. Rose has specific, regular, bisexual and sometimes unisexual flowers, in which the petals are free. The leaves of the alternate rose and its stems have blades, although the original and old varieties had very thin stems. There are 5 sepals and 15 or more stamens in this flower and the seeds are albumenless. The ovary is upper or lower, which depends on its sex (Wisman and Ritz, 2007). The current development is sustainable economic growth. Flowers and ornamental plants are among the products that have the ability to earn currency and can be included as one of the major non-oil products in the export of goods (Idrisi, 1388). England, America, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Belgium, Luxembourg and Japan are among the important flower importers in the world (Anonymous, 2005).

    Iran ranks 17th in terms of flower production and ranks 107th among 117 countries in terms of flower export, which is not a good place in the list of exporters. In the field of cultivation, rose ranks second after gladiolus in Iran. The area under the cultivation of cut flowers of greenhouse and outdoor roses is about 400 hectares, and Isfahan province is the first in the production of roses, especially Dutch roses, and Tehran and Central provinces are in the next ranks (Kyani).The cultivated area of ??cut flowers of greenhouse and outdoor roses is about 400 hectares, and Isfahan province has the first place in the production of roses, especially Dutch roses, and Tehran and Central provinces are in the next ranks (Kiani and Kafi, 2004). From the Helianthus genus in the Asteraceae family, native to North America, it has sun-like inflorescences with a diameter of about 15 cm. This flower has a strong and hairy stem and rough and large leaves. Fertilization is often heterozygous.

    Sunflower is classified as a day-indifferent plant because it flowers over a wide range of day lengths. This flower grows well in soils whose texture changes from sandy to clay.

    1-4- Economic importance of sunflower

    Sunflower under the ship has between 150-100 hectares in greenhouse and open space, located in Tehran, Central and Isfahan provinces.

    1-5- Botany of Lisianthus flower

    Lisianthus, with the scientific name Eustoma qrandiflorum (Raf.) Shin, belongs to the Gentianaceae family, has interesting flowers and long stems (Lugasi et al., 2010), native to the United States of America from Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and especially northern Mexico (Shiner, 1957; Wood and Weaver, 1982). Lisianthus is one of the ornamental plants that was produced as an ornamental flower in Japan more than 60 years ago (Okawa et al., 1991), but since the 1980s it has been introduced into the flower trade as a cut flower (Holloway and Kufrank, 1984). This species is a self-fertile diploid (Shamir et al., 1999) and propagated by seeds (Islam et al., 2005).

    Lisianthus flowers are divided into four groups in terms of the shape of the calyx: funnel, cup, bell, and bowl-shaped (Kawabata et al., 2009). The flowers are sparse and abundant in small, medium and large sizes and are formed singly or in multiples on the leafy stem (Qassimi and Kafi, 1389). has Currently, lisianthus is available in different colors and shapes and is cultivated as a cut flower in a wide area of ??the world. In England, about 10 hectares of gardens have been cultivated with lisianthus. America, Holland, Occupied Palestine, Kenya, Tanzania and Japan are important producers of this plant (Okawa and Sazaki, 1999).

    Lisianthus cut flower production in 2088 was about 56928000 branches in an area equal to 26.5 hectares. Therefore, about 2.8% of the country's cut flower production in 1988 was related to lisianthus.

    In 2001, the average price of lisianthus in California was 10 dollars for each package containing 10 stems. In Iran, each package is sold for 1000-4000 tomans depending on the time of release.

    1-7- Statement of the problem

    In flowers, most of the metabolic processes involved in aging are irreversible, and this is mostly related to the production of ethylene, which reaches its maximum amount during the aging stage of flowers (Selgi et al., 2009).

    Therefore, treatment with suitable protective solutions is recommended to prolong the life of cut flowers. (Manshizadeh et al., 2013).

    Nitric oxide gas is effective in increasing the life of flowers after harvesting. This gas regulates the activity of internal ethylene (Hashimabadi, 2013).

    1-8- The purpose of the experiment

    1- The effect of sodium nitroprusside in increasing the life of the flowers and the quality of cut flowers of roses, sunflowers and lisianthus.

    2- Introduction of the best concentration of sodium nitroprusside in increasing the life Rose, sunflower and lisianthus cut flowers.

    3- Investigating the antimicrobial properties of sodium nitroprusside.

  • Contents & References of Improving the shelf life of rose, sunflower and lisianthus cut flowers using sodium nitroprusside

    List:

    Abstract. 1

    Chapter One: Introduction

    1-1- History, botany and distribution of roses. 3

    1-2- The economic importance of roses. 4

    1-3-Botany and ecological distribution of sunflower. 4

    1-4- The economic importance of sunflower. 5

    1-5- Botany of lisianthus flower. 5

    1-6- The economic importance of lisianthus flower. 5

    1-7- statement of the problem. 6

    1-8- The purpose of the test. 6

    Chapter Two: Review of sources

    2-1- Aging. 8

    2-2- Ethylene and its role in the aging of cut flowers. 8

    2-2-1- Effective factors in ethylene production. 9

    2-2-2- ethylene biosynthesis. 9

    2-3- Treatment with anti-ethylene substances. 10. 2-3-1- sodium nitroprusside. .10

    2-4-vascular obstruction. 11

    Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

    3-1- Plant materials. 13

    3-2- How to prepare flowers and perform sodium nitroprusside treatment. 13

    3-3- implementing the experimental plan and introducing the treatments. 13

    3-4- Quantitative and qualitative traits to be measured. 15

    3-4-1- Omar Goljaei. 15

    3-4-2- solution absorption. 15

    3-4-3 percent of dry matter. 15

    3-4-4- counting bacteria. 15

    3-4-4-1- Preparation of cultivation medium. 16

    3-4-4-2- counting bacteria in pulse solution. 16

    3-4-4-3- counting bacteria in the stem. 16

    3-4-5- The process of flower opening and flower diameter reduction. 17

    3-4-6- Brix reduction (the percentage of sucrose in the flower stem). 18

    3-4-7- Chlorophyll content. 19

    3-4-8- Ethylene measurement. 19

    3-4-9- Petal protein content. 20

    3-5- Data analysis. 20

    Chapter four: Results and discussion

    4-1- Omar Goljaei. .22

    4-2- Brix degree. .25

    4-3- Stem bacteria. 27

    4-4- Soluble bacteria. 29

    4-5- The opening of flowers and florets. 31

    4-6 percent of dry matter. 33

    4-7- Solution absorption. 35

    4-8- Ethylene. 37

    4-9- Chlorophyll b.39

    4-10- Chlorophyll a.41

    4-11- Petal protein.43

    4-12- Discussion. 46

    General conclusion. .48

    Proposals. 48. Sources. 49. Source: Idrisi, b. 1388. Physiology after harvesting of cut flowers, Payam Other Publications, 150 pages.

    Chameni, A. 1384. The effect of t-diazoron, 1-methylcyclopropene, nitric oxide, silver thiosulfate and ethylene on the physicochemical properties of roses. Doctoral thesis of Tehran University, 195 pages.

    Rizvanipour, Sh. and Asfouri, M. 2008. The effect of antimicrobial compounds on longevity after harvesting rose cut flowers. Summary of articles of the 6th Congress of Horticultural Sciences of Iran.

    Raisi, M. A., Asrar, Z. and Poursaidi, Sh. 2008. Investigating the interaction effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and copper on some growth and physiology parameters of watercress (Lepidium sativum L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, first year, first and second issue, page 55-76.  and Kafi, M. 2019. Practical and scientific floriculture (Volume 1). Published by the author, 310 pages.

    Kiyamohammadi, M. 1388. Optimizing the life after harvesting of Lisianthus cut flower, master's thesis of Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch, 150 pages.

    Kiani, Sh. and Kafi, M. 4. 138 challenges of rose cut flower production in North Khuzestan. 4th Congress of Horticultural Sciences of Iran, Mashhad, 288 pages.

    Manshizadeh, S., Rabiei, V. and Mortazavi, S.N. 2013. The effect of cobalt chloride on the shelf life of cut flowers of Maryam cultivar Pyrrol. Summary of articles of the 7th Congress of Horticultural Sciences of Iran, pages 894 to 896. Nasri Alavi, M., Arvin, M. J., Manochehri Kalantari, Kh., Yaqoubi, M. A.D. 1390. The effect of sodium nitroprusside SNP pretreatment on some biochemical factors of Triticum aestivum L. wheat seedlings under drought stress. Nabi Gol, A. Naderi, R. Mostofi, Y. Khaliqi, A. Bojar, 2018. Evaluation of internally soluble carbohydrates and their effect on shelf life of rose cultivars. Summary of articles of the 6th Congress of Horticultural Sciences of Iran. Hashem Abadi, D. 2018. Comparison of silver nanoparticles and silver thiosulfate on the quality and shelf life of cut flowers of 'Tempo' cloves. The final report of the research project of Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch. 103 pages.

    Hashim Abadi, 2011. Biology and technology after harvesting flowers, fruits and vegetables (translation). Islamic Azad University Publications, Rasht branch, page 105.

     

     

    Anonymous. 2005. Model project on export of cutModel project on export of cut flowers-carnation. www.nabard.org/whats.

    Badiyan, D., Wills, R.B.H. and Bowyer, M.C. 2004. Use of a nitric oxide donor compound to extend the vase life of cut flowers. HortScience 39, 1371–1372.

    Beligni, M. V. and Lamattina, L. 2001. Nitric oxide in plants: the history is just beginning. Plant, Cell and Environment 24: 267-278.

    Bieleski, R.L. and Reid, M.S. 1992. Physiological changes accompanying senescence in the ephemeral daylily flower. Plant Physiol. 98, 1042–1049.

    Bowyer, M.C., Wills, R.B.H., Badiyan, D. and Ku, V.V.V. 2003. Extending the postharvest life of carnations with nitric oxide comparison of fumigation and in vivo delivery. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 30, 281–286.

    Changli, Z., Li, Liu., and Guo-Quan, X. 2011. The physiological responses of carnation cut flowers to exogenous nitric oxide. Sci. Hort. 127: 424-430.

    Eum, H.L., Kim, H.B., Choi, S.B. and Lee, S.K. 2009. Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis by nitric oxide in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit harvested at different ripening stages. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 228, 331–338.

    Fanourakis, D., Pieruschka, R., Savvides, A., Macnish, A.J., Sarlikioti, V. and Woltering, E.J. 2013. Sources of vase life variation in cut roses: a review. Postharvest. Boil. Technol. 78, 1–15.

    Gudin, S. 2001. Rose breeding technologies. Acta Horticulturae, 574: 23-26.

    Graziano, M., Beligni, M. V. and Lamattina, L. 2002. Nitric oxide improves internal iron availability in plants. Plant Physiology 16: 1852-1859.

    Halvey, A.H. and Kofranck, A. M. 1984. Evaluation of lisianthus as a new flower crop. Hort. Sci. 19: 845-847. Heywood, V.H. 2007. Flowering plants of the world. Elsevier Publishers, New York, NY. pp: 141-144.

    Islam, N., Patil, G. G. and Gislerad, H. 2005. Effect of photoperiod and light intensity on flowering and growth of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf). Scientia Horticultural. 103: 441-445.

    Kawabata, S., Yokoo, M. and Nii, K. 2009. Quantitative analysis of corolla and petal contour in single-flower cultivars of lisianthus. Sci. Hort. 121: 206-212.

    Kopyra, M. and Gwozdz, E. A. 2003. Nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and counteracts the inhibitory effect of heavy metals and salinity on root growth of Lupinus luteus. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 41: 1011-1017.

    Lamattina, L., Gracia-Mata, C., Graziano, M. and Pagnussat, G. 2003. Nitric oxide: the versatility of an extensive signal molecule. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 54: 109-136.

    Laspina, N. V., Groppa, M. D. and Benavides, M. P. 2005. Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd-induced oxidative stress. Plant Science 169: 323-330.

    Leshem, Y. Y., Wills, R.B.H. and Ku, V.V.V. 1998. Evidence for the function of the free radical gas - nitric oxide (NO) - as an endogenous maturation and senescence regulating factor in higher plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 36, 825–833.

    Liao, W.B., Zhang, M.L., Huang, G.B. and Yu, J.H. 2012. Hydrogen peroxide in the vase

    solution increases vase life and keeping quality of cut Oriental × Trumpet hybrid lily. Sci. Hort. 139: 32–38.

    Lugassi-Ben-Hamo, M., Kitron, M., Busta A. and Zaccai, M. 2010. Effect of shade regime on flower development and quality in lisianthus. Sci. Hort. 124:248-253.

    Ma, N., Tan, H., Liu, X., Xue, J., Li, Y. and Gao, J. 2006. Transcriptional regulation of ethylene receptor and CTR genes involved in ethylene-induced flower opening in cut rose (Rosa hybrida) cv Samantha. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 2763–2773.

    Mansouri, H.2012. Salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside improve postharvest life of chrysanthemums. Scientia Horticulturae 145 (2012) 29–33.

    Mortazavi, S.N., Talebi, S.F., Naderi, R.A. and Sharafi, Y. 2011. Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis by nitric oxide and thidiazuron during postharvest of rose. J. Med. Plants Res. 5, 5177–5183.

    Nasibi, F.

Improving the shelf life of rose, sunflower and lisianthus cut flowers using sodium nitroprusside
How To Access The File
Related Contents:
Number of pages: 41 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Field: Horticulture Major: Ornamental Plants Abstract In order to investigate the effect of different waters on the life after harvesting of rose, chrysanthemum and gerbera cut flowers, a factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design in 3 replications with two factors: types of water (magnetic water, ...

Number of pages: 70 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Department: Plant Products Master's Thesis in Plant Products-Horticulture Abstract Rose (Rosa hybrida) is considered one of the most popular flowers in the world and its cut flower branch is the most used among other flowers. Due to the physiological reasons of being a rose cut flower, during its shelf life, it is highly susceptible to withering and reducing its freshness and ...

Number of pages: 56 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field: horticulture, ornamental plants. Abstract This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of nickel on the life after harvesting of gerbera flower in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. Healthy gerbera flowers (Gerbera jamesonii cv. 'Intense') were purchased from a commercial ...

Number of pages: 46 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract To investigate the effect of Nestern base on the vegetative and reproductive growth of four rose cultivars, the experiment was conducted as a factorial with two factors in the form of a randomized complete block design in 3 replications. The first factor (A) includes four cultivars of rose Tabo (red), Superstar (orange), Dr. Benjamin (pink) and Evening Star (yellow) and ...

Number of pages: 44 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc) Abstract Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolum L.) is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, which today ranks second in the world after roses in terms of economy and cultivation. One of the important problems of this flower is vascular blockage and disruption of the water balance. For this purpose, a study based on a ...

Number of pages: 51 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc.) Field: Horticulture-Ornamental Plants Abstract chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum L.) is one of the non-flowering flowers and sensitive to vascular blockage. This study is based on a completely randomized design with 10 treatments including geranium plant essential oil in 3 levels (2, 6 and 10 cc in 600 cc of distilled water), case ...

Number of pages: 57 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc.) Field: Horticulture-Ornamental Plants Abstract To investigate the effect of gap and silver nanoparticles on the life of the flower and the hyphae characteristics of Alstroemeria hybrida cut flowers, a 2-factor factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with two factors of stem end gap in 2 levels (5 cm gap and no gap) ...

Number of pages: 44 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation for Master's Degree (M.Sc.) in Horticulture, Physiology and Fruit Tree Breeding. Abstract The use of nano-fertilizers leads to increasing the consumption efficiency of nutrients, reducing soil toxicity, minimizing the negative effects of excessive fertilizer consumption, and reducing the frequency of fertilizer application. The use of Ascophyllum nodosum algae also ...

Number of pages: 93 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Abstract Canker disease is caused by bacteria (Xanthomonas citri pv. citri), which every year reduces the yield and quality of citrus fruits, especially lemons and oranges. This research was conducted with the aim of isolating and homogenizing two genes encoding harpins HrpW and HrpG from Xcc bacterium strain NIGEB-088 and making recombinant plasmids pBI-hrpG and pBI-hrpW in ...

Number of pages: 75 Category: Agricultural Engineering

Dissertation to receive a master's degree (M.Sc) field: plant production (horticultural product production trend) Thesis title: The effect of substrate types and planting date on the growth, yield and yield components of basil plant seeds (Ocimum basilicum.L) in order to study the effect of substrate types and planting date on basil seed yield during the years 1992-1991 in a ...