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  3. Effect of diets containing different levels of vitamins E and C on growth indices and blood parameters of flowerhorn fish

Effect of diets containing different levels of vitamins E and C on growth indices and blood parameters of flowerhorn fish

Number of pages: 51 File Format: word File Code: 32459
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Fisheries
Tags/Keywords: Blood factors - Flowerhorn fish - Food rations - Freshwater fish - Growth indicators - Vitamin C - Vitamin E
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  • Summary of Effect of diets containing different levels of vitamins E and C on growth indices and blood parameters of flowerhorn fish

    Abstract

    This study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of vitamin E and C on growth indices and blood parameters in flowerhorn fish (Cichlosoma sp). 9 diets containing a combination of 0, 100 and 1000 mg/kg of food of vitamin E and 0, 100 and 1000 mg/kg of food of vitamin C were considered in three replicates for 8 weeks. The initial weight of the fry was 15 ± 3.6 grams. The fish were biometrically measured every two weeks, and at the end of the experiment, growth indicators (body weight gain, percentage of body weight gain, specific growth factor (SGR), condition factor, food efficiency, and food conversion ratio) and biochemical and hematological changes (glucose, total protein, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total leukocyte, red blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, heterophil, and eosinophil) were evaluated. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. were compared unilaterally. The results showed that the addition of different doses of vitamin E and C in the diets of the fish caused a significant change in the growth factors except for the factor of the treatments (P < 0.05). The best results in terms of comparing the final weight and the food conversion coefficient and the efficiency of the food belonged to the treatment 1 (diet containing 1000 mg of vitamin E and 1000 mg of vitamin C). And C, the diet had a significant effect on the amount of blood indices (P < 0.05).

    Key words: flowerhorn fish, vitamin E, vitamin C, growth indicators, blood factors

     

     

     

     

     

    1-1- General

    1-1-1- Ornamental fish

    Nowadays, ornamental aquatic species are referred to species of aquatic species that are valuable and have ornamental value and do not include only fish. Therefore, the trade of freshwater ornamental fish is related to the reproduction and production of freshwater fish and other freshwater fish such as: shrimp, crab, frog, turtle, aquatic plants, etc. It is said Based on this, saltwater marine ornamental fish also includes all types of marine ornamental fish and other marine aquatics such as: shrimps, crabs, molluscs, oysters, starfish, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sea anemones, corals, etc. Even the live food consumed by these aquatic species such as artemia, copepoda, worms and algae, and all of them are classified as ornamental fish trade. One of the most The attractions in aquatic creatures are their bright colors. that the sources of these colors are obtained from their natural environment (Amedio [1] et al. 2002).

    In the ornamental fish business, the ability to respond to the needs of customers to produce high quality fish is always a critical factor (Chuan Lim[2] et al., 2003).

    In the fish farming industry, nutrition is the most important determining factor in the growth and survival of aquatic animals. And food preparation is one of the most important elements in the production of ornamental fish. The cost of food usually constitutes 60% of the total cost required for an ornamental fish production complex. Therefore, artificial foods should be formulated according to scientific principles (Afshar Mazandaran, 2001). This fish is one of the important economic species, and there are two species of Amphilophus trimacalatus, which belong to South America. It is popular among buyers because of its attractive features. It is an important part of the economy in some countries, such as Thailand, which cultivate this fish extensively (Kopitayant[4] 2011)..

    The name Flowerhorn (Cichlosoma sp) is derived from the translation of its East Asian name "Lu Han". In recent years, this fish has been placed in the category of fish such as discus and arowana in terms of reception by fish friends.

    It tolerates the harsh conditions of the aquarium in terms of temperature, water hardness, pH and nitrates, but the best pH for them is 7 to The temperature is 27 to 32. For this fish, pH between 7 and 32 degrees is recommended. It should be noted that this fish is very aggressive and cannot be kept next to this fish. This fish will attack even other flowers If they are in the same tank, they will definitely attack each other. This has made it somewhat difficult to mate with the female fish. If the male fish does not like it, he will undoubtedly kill it. There are two ways to mate the male and female fish: 1. keep in a separate aquarium.

    2- That between the male and female adult fish who have not seen each other, put a glass with a medium hole in the middle and the fish cannot pass through it, so that the fish can see each other and test each other, and also with the help of this hole they can perform the act of locking the mouth[6]. do, you can remove the glass between them.

    . It is easy to distinguish the sex of fish in adulthood. The adult male fish is much more beautiful, and its most important feature is having large bumps on its head, which, as I said, are called kuk [7]. The female fish does not have a hook. Cockflower is nothing but fat accumulated on its head and the question of many is how to make Cockflower bigger. It is said that substances containing omega-3 such as shrimp can have an effect on the growth of flowerhorn cockles. There are vitamins that are divided into water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins (NRC, 1993). Vitamins are biologically active substances that are extremely sensitive to their physical and chemical environment. Various factors such as heat, pressure, humidity, friction, time conditions, food composition, and light can all indirectly affect vitamin stability during food processing and storage (Beldaji, 2018). Although vitamins do not play a constructive or energy-producing role, their importance in carrying out vital phenomena is such that the absence or deficiency of any of them causes severe disorders in an organ or in the whole body and is necessary for growth, reproduction, maintenance and aquatic health, but they are needed in small amounts. Due to the fact that fish have little ability to synthesize vitamins or they are not capable of synthesizing vitamins at all, therefore, sufficient amounts of vitamins or pre-vitamins should be included in the diet of farmed fish so that farmed fish do not suffer from vitamin deficiency disease, because the presence of vitamins is necessary for the natural growth of the metabolic activity of fish (Basharati, 2014; Yousefi, 2014).

    Given that Fishes have little ability to synthesize vitamins or they are not capable of synthesizing vitamins at all. Therefore, sufficient amounts of vitamins or pre-vitamins should be considered in the diet of farmed fishes so that farmed fishes do not suffer from vitamin deficiency disease, because the presence of vitamins is necessary for the natural growth of the metabolic activity of fishes (Basharati, 2014; Yousefi, 2014). Vitamin E and C are important nutrients that affect the organism's immune system, and providing them in the diet reduces fish mortality and improves growth indicators (Monter [8] et al., 2001).

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    List:

    None.  

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Effect of diets containing different levels of vitamins E and C on growth indices and blood parameters of flowerhorn fish
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