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  3. The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on some secondary substances of Echinacea

The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on some secondary substances of Echinacea

Number of pages: 91 File Format: word File Code: 32458
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Antioxidant activity - Caffeic acid - Chlorogenic - flavonoid - Medicinal plants - Organic fertilizers - Phenol - Salicylic acid - Secondary plant material - Serhargol
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  • Summary of The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on some secondary substances of Echinacea

    Dissertation for receiving a master's degree (M.sc)

    Horticulture Science Engineering, Physiology and Breeding of Medicinal, Spice and Aromatic Plants

    Echinaceae purpurea is a perennial herbaceous plant and is considered a very valuable species commercially. Its active medicinal compounds mainly include phenolic acids and alkamides. Different parts of the plant, including its roots and aerial parts, have many healing properties. The present research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid foliar application on some morphological traits and secondary substances in the aerial parts and roots of Sarhargol during 1391-1392 at the Gorgan Agricultural Jihad Organization and the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.

    The experiment was carried out in the form of a factorial statistical design based on complete randomness, in three replicates with the growing medium including field soil, sheep manure, manure Vermicompost, cow manure and salicylic acid treatment were done in four concentrations (0, 10-2, 10-4, 10-6 M). Plant height, fresh and dry weight of aerial and root organs, diameter of flower, diameter of petiole, chlorophyll, diameter of root, number of leaves, length of stem, length of root, length of leaf, width of leaf, ratio of length to width of leaf, biochemical traits such as amount of antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid and amount of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid were studied as growth and biochemical traits. The results showed that the effect of culture medium on fresh and dry weight of aerial and root organs, stem length, leaf length, root diameter, number of leaves, root length, plant height, petiole length, flower diameter, stem diameter and chlorophyll content was significant at 5% probability level. While the leaf width and leaf length to width ratio were not affected by the experimental treatments. Salicylic acid treatment was significant on dry weight of shoot and root, root diameter, flower diameter at 1% probability level and on fresh weight variables, number of leaves, stem length, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length to width ratio, nettle diameter, chlorophyll at 5% probability level. In contrast, root length and petiole length were not affected by the treatment. The mutual effects of the planting medium of cattle manure in the treatment (4-10 M) of salicylic acid in the aerial organs indicated the highest amount of antioxidant activity (65.99%), and in the planting medium of sheep manure in the treatment (2-10 M) of salicylic acid, the highest amount of flavonoids (0.346 mg/gr) was observed in the aerial organs, and the highest amount of phenol (0.138 mg/gr) was observed in the root organs. became. The highest amount of chlorogenic acid (41.52 mg/gr) and caffeic acid (65.50 mg/gr) was also observed in the planting bed of cow manure in the treatment (4-10 M) of salicylic acid in the root organ. Organic fertilizers and salicylic acid improved the vegetative and biochemical characteristics of the sorghum plant. Keywords: sorghum, antioxidant activity, phenol, flavonoid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid - Introduction

    The increasing approach to the use of medicinal plants in the world, the importance of cultivation And it makes the production of these plants brighter. Currently, the demand for medicinal plants as consumable products in the health and pharmaceutical industries is increasing (Agha Alikhani et al., 2013). Medicinal plants are considered to be economically important plants, which are used and exploited raw or extracted in traditional and modern industrial medicine (Shabanzadeh et al., 2018). The use of natural and herbal medicines in most countries of the world has received attention and the progressive conduct of toxicology, pharmacology and clinical researches in identifying the therapeutic properties of various plants has led to the recognition of new and distinct therapeutic effects of plants and natural substances (Madrasi et al. 91). They also play an important role in maintaining health and various diseases (Esdisamani et al. 91). Identification and introduction of medicinal plants of a region, registration of plants used in traditional medicine and medicinal evaluation of these plants can lead to the development of new herbal medicines to treat some fatal diseases (Esdisamani et al., 2013). Unlike other crops, medicinal plants are plants in which the quality of ingredients is far more important and necessary compared to their quantity. Therefore, in order to achieve the maximum quality, science and knowledge of the factors affecting the growth and development of medicinal plants is very important.Knowledge of environmental, plant and agricultural factors plays an important role in the success of medicinal plant cultivation (Mohammadibabazidi et al., 2012). The use of chemical fertilizers brings problems, the most important of which are the lack of fertilizers containing low consumption elements, high cost and environmental pollution. Due to the inevitable use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, a significant amount of agricultural wastewater containing large amounts of residual chemicals enter important drinking water sources in different parts of the country every year, which can cause many environmental problems in water sources and also threaten the health of living organisms, including humans (Sharifi et al., 2013). The importance of medicinal plants is the presence of effective substances in them. The correct and appropriate use of elements and nutrients during the stages of planting, keeping and harvesting medicinal plants, not only plays a major role in increasing the yield, but is also very effective in the quantity and quality of their active ingredients. Application of proper fertilizer is a main factor in the successful cultivation of medicinal plants. It is customary to use animal manure in organic system and sustainable soil management (Nikenjad et al., 2012). Also, studies show; Several signaling pathways are involved in inducing the accumulation of secondary metabolites due to stimuli, and among them, salicylic acid[1] has been identified as one of the intermediate signals. These signaling molecules are involved in some signal transmission systems and lead to the induction of the activity of special enzymes, which biosynthetic reactions related to the production of defense compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, etc. catalyze The result of which is the induction of a wide range of defense reactions (Ravaya and Mikael, 2004). The roots and aerial parts of this plant have commercial use and are used to increase the immune system and treat colds (Soliman et al., 2013). In order to research the increase in demand for this important medicinal plant, various solutions and methods have been devised (Zobarjadi et al., 2013).

    In this research, using organic fertilizers and one of the inducers of defense mechanisms such as salicylic acid, it is tried to study the process of changes in the effective compounds of Sarhargol plant.

    1-2- Assumptions

    - Planting media and salicylic acid have no significant effect on secondary substances in different organs.

    - Planting media and salicylic acid have a significant effect on secondary substances in different organs.

    1-3- Research objectives

    - Evaluation of the use of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on the amount of some secondary metabolites and the yield of Sarkhargol medicinal plant

    - Introducing and recommending organic fertilizers for the development of sustainable agriculture and production of organic products

    - Production An organic product to increase the health of society

    Abstract

    Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, herbaceous plants, perennial and commercially is very valuable species. Active pharmaceutical ingredients it contains mainly phenolic acids and Alkamyd. A different part of the plant including the root, aerial parts has many health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different culture media and salicylic acid application on some morphological parameters and secondary metabolite of Echinacea.  Factor A was organic fertilizers consist of vermicompost, cow manures and sheep and Control, and factor B was salicylic acid (SA) include concentrations M and control (0). This study was done in Agricultural Jihad Organization of Golestan province and in Department of Agriculture of Agricultural Sciences University of Gorgan during 1391-92. Factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in Gorgan weather conditions.

  • Contents & References of The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on some secondary substances of Echinacea

    List:

    First chapter:

    1-1- Introduction.. 2

    1-2- Assumptions.. 3

    1-3- Research objectives. 4

    Chapter Two: Review of sources

    2-1- Medicinal plants. 6

    2-2- The history and importance of Sarkhargol. 6

    2-3- Botanical characteristics. 7

    2-4- Ecological characteristics. 8

    2-5- Geographical distribution of Sarkhargol in the world and Iran. 8

    2-6- Pharmacological effect and therapeutic consumption of Sarkhargol. 9

    2-7- Chemical compounds of different organs of the Sarhargol plant. 10

    2-8- Phenolic compounds. 12

    2-9- flavonoids. 14

    2-10- Investigating the chemical structure of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. 16

    2-10-1-chlorogenic acid. 16

    2-10-2- caffeic acid. 17

    2-11- The influence of environmental factors on the biosynthesis of flavonoids. 18

    2-12- Organic cultivation in plants. 19

    2-13- Manure and its effect on plants. 20

    2-13-1- vermicompost fertilizer. 21

    2-14- The effect of salicylic acid on the performance and active ingredients of medicinal plants. 22

    Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

    3-1- Time and place of testing. 25

    3-2- Specifications of the experimental plan. 25

    3-3- Test steps. 26

    3-3-1- Characteristics of farm soil. 27

    3-3-2- Collection of soil samples. 27

    3-3-3- Preparing the cultivation bed and applying fertilizer treatment. 28

    3-3-4- salicylic acid treatment. 29

    3-3-5- Harvest date. 29

    3-3-6- Measured appearance traits. 29

    3-3-7- Measurement of morphological traits. 29

    3-3-8- Measurement of biochemical traits. 31

    3-3-8-1- Specifications of the HPLC device used. 31

    3-3-8-2- Plant sample injection. 32

    3-3-8-3- standard preparation. 34

    3-3-8-4- Determining the amount of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid with Hplc. 34

    3-3-9- Measurement of antioxidant activity, flavonoid and total phenol. 35

    3-3-9-1- preparation of extract. 35

    3-3-9-2- Measuring antioxidant activity. 36

    3-3-9-3- total flavonoid assay. 37

    3-3-9-4- Measuring total phenol. 38

    3-4- Data analysis. 39

    Chapter Four: Results and Discussion

    4- 1- Variance analysis of the effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on morphological traits. 41

    4- 2- Comparing the average effect of organic fertilizers on morphological traits. 42

    4- 3- Comparison of the average effect of salicylic acid on morphological traits. 43

    4- 4- The mutual effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on morphological traits. 45

    4- 5- Comparison of the average effect of organic fertilizers, salicylic acid and organs on plant weight and dry weight. 45

    4-6- The mutual effect of organic fertilizers, salicylic acid and organs on fresh and dry weight of the plant. 47

    4-7- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on yield components. 49

    4-7-1- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on stem length. 49

    4-7-2- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on leaf length. 49

    4-7-3- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on leaf width. 50

    4-7-4- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on the ratio of length to width of a leaf. 51

    4-7-5- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on flower diameter. 52

    4-7-6- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on the total number of leaves per plant. 53

    4-7-7- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on chlorophyll. 54

    4-7-8- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on whale diameter. 56

    4-7-9- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on petiole length. 57

    4-7-10- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on plant height. 58

    4-7-11- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on root length. 60

    4-7-12- The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on root diameter. 60

    4-8- Variance analysis of the effect of organic fertilizers, salicylic acid and organs on biochemical traits. 61

    4-8-1- The amount of total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity. 61

    4-8-2- The amount of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. 62

    4-9- Comparison of the average effect of organic fertilizers, salicylic acid and organs on biochemical traits. 64

    4-10- The mutual effect of organic fertilizers, salicylic acid and organs on biochemical traits. 66

    4-11- The effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on biochemical traits. 66

    4-11-1- The effect of different levels of salicylic acid on the amount of total phenol. 67

    4-11-2- The effect of different levels of salicylic acid on the amount of flavonoid compounds.67

    4-11-3- The effect of different levels of salicylic acid on the amount of antioxidant activity. 68

    4-11-4- The effect of different levels of salicylic acid on the amount of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. 69

    Chapter Five: Conclusions and Suggestions

    5-1 General conclusion. 79

    5-2 suggestions. 80

    Sources

    Source:

     

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    Asadi Samani. m. Naderi Samani A. huge N. 1391. Floristic study and investigation of therapeutic properties of medicinal plants in Saman tourist area in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. National Conference of Medicinal Plants of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences. Page 8.

    Akbariya. A. Qalavand A. Sharifi Ashourabadi. A. Banj Shafii Sh. 1383. The effect of different feeding systems on soil properties, absorption and concentration of elements by Zanian medicinal plant and its performance. Research and construction. Number 62, page 11-19.

    Azerbaijan. F. A. agricultural 1391. Investigating phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, total flavonoids and antioxidant properties of Ferulago angulata plant. National Conference of Medicinal Plants of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences. Page 6.

    Agha Alikhani. m. Iranpur. A. windy cash H. 2013. Changes in agricultural and phytochemical performance of the medicinal plant Echinacea purpurea L. Moench under the influence of urea and biofertilizer. Quarterly Journal of Medicinal Plants. Year 12. Period 2. Page 136-121.

    Broumand Jezi. Sh. 1391. The effect of salicylic acid on the reaction of rapeseed to lead in hydroponic cultivation conditions. Journal of New Agricultural Findings. Year 6. Number 4. 294-281. Behnam Nia. M. A. The farmer's hearing 2012. Effects of salicylic acid on licorice seedlings (Glycyrhiza glabra L.) under salt stress conditions. Journal of plant process and function. Volume 2. Number 3. Page 73-83. Timurizadeh. G. Rahimi Sh. Pickled cream m. Omid Begi R. 1388. Comparison of the effects of thyme, sorghum, garlic and antibiotic and virginia mycin extracts on serum lipids, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin level of broiler chickens. Quarterly Journal of Medicinal Plants. Year 8. Period 4. 32 machine gun. Page 45-37.

    The fixed word. m. N. Ghasemi. 2013. Comparison of antioxidant power of fresh and frozen licorice root extract of Lorestan province. National Conference of Medicinal Plants of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences. Page 17.

    Eternity. G. Ghasem Nejad m. Haj Najai H. a part d. 2013. Comparison of fruit browning potential of some Iranian apple genotypes for introduction for processing industries. Plant Production Technology Magazine. Year 12. Number 1. Page 39.

    Jaafari Moghadam.M. Rezapur. m. Arvin p. smiling T. 1389. Comparison of the effects of animal and chemical fertilizers on wheat yield and yield components. The fifth national conference of new ideas in agriculture. Islamic Azad University, Khorasan Branch.

    World. m. Nasiri Mahalati m. The monarchy m. victim R. 1389. The effects of the time of application of animal manure and the use of various biological fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of paper pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Iranian Agricultural Research Journal. Volume 8. Number 4. Page 737-726.

    Haji Mehdipour. e. Housewife m. thank you m. Abedi G. Pir Ali Hamdani M. 1388. Investigating the best method of extracting phenolic compounds found in Sarhargol plant. Year 8. Period 4. 32 machine gun. Page 152-145.

    Hamidpur. m. Fathi. Q. the village H. 2012. Effects of zeolite and vermicompost on the growth characteristics and concentration of some elements of petunia. Journal of Science and Techniques of Greenhouse Cultivation. Year 4. Number 13. Page 102-95.

    Khaori Nejad. R. Mehrabian p. Asadi A. 1383. Investigating the effect of salicylic acid on the amount of anthocyanins in the medicinal plant of grass enamel (Bellis perenis L.) infected with fungus. Tarbiat Moalem University Science Journal. Volume 4. Number 3. Page 438-427. Khosravi. M. lovely A. windy cash H.

The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on some secondary substances of Echinacea
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