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  3. Life extension after harvesting chrysanthemum with the help of geranium, eucalyptus and Mord essential oils

Life extension after harvesting chrysanthemum with the help of geranium, eucalyptus and Mord essential oils

Number of pages: 51 File Format: word File Code: 32456
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: case - Daudi - Eucalyptus - geranium - Geranium essential oil - Harvest chrysanthemum - Omar Goljaei - Ornamental plants
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  • Summary of Life extension after harvesting chrysanthemum with the help of geranium, eucalyptus and Mord essential oils

    Thesis for obtaining a master's degree (M.Sc.)

    Field: horticulture - ornamental plants

    Abstract

    Chrysanthemum with the scientific name (Dendranthema grandiflorum L.) from the Perak Sanan family, is one of the flowers that are non-flowering and sensitive to vascular blockage. be This study is based on a completely randomized design with 10 treatments including geranium plant essential oil in 3 levels (2, 6 and 10 cc in 600 cc of distilled water), case in 3 levels (2, 6 and 10 cc in 600 cc of distilled water) and eucalyptus in 3 levels (2, 6 and 10 cc in 600 cc of distilled water) along with the control treatment, in 3 replications and 30 plots And in each plot, 4 flower branches were permanently measured and traits such as flowering life, water absorption, fresh weight loss, dry matter percentage, increase in Brix degree, petal protein content, petal carotenoids, stem end bacteria and solution, leaf chlorophyll, lipid peroxidation, SOD and POD enzyme activity were measured. Data variance analysis showed that all measured traits were statistically significant at the 1% level and only the peroxidase trait (POD) was statistically significant at the 5% level. The comparison of the average treatments showed that the 2 cc treatment of the case with 15.73 days of life expectancy compared to the control with 9.47 days has the longest life expectancy and this treatment has increased the absorption of water, carotenoid, protein and POD enzyme activity. rtl;">  

    Botany

       Daffodil with its scientific name (Dendranthema grandiflorum L.) is a member of the Dendranthema grandiflorum family, which was planted thousands of years ago and today is one of the most important cut flowers in the world (Nabi Gol et al., 1385; Khaleghi, 1389).

    1-1- Chrysanthemum

    Chrysanthemum genus has 160 species, most of which are native to Japan, China and Europe. Today, many cultivars are used for greenhouse planting and cut flower production. Chrysanthemums, like other dark feathered plants, are of two types that are placed on the whalebone. The first category are tabular flowers that have only female organs and are placed around the cap, and the second category are tubular flowers that are complete flowers and are placed in the middle of the cap. The flowers have 5 stamens that are surrounded by a thin pistil. The chrysanthemum has two standard forms (with large single flowers) and pompon (combined small flowers) (Khushkhoi, 2007; Shiravand and Rostami, 2008). Cut chrysanthemum flowers are sensitive to bacteria at the end of the stem, and this causes a reduction in life after harvesting (Nabi Gol et al., 2015; quoted by Idrisi, 2018) The face of cut flowers is mentioned. In the world, chrysanthemum, carnation and rose are usually the most important cut flowers, which are economically and commercially important (Edmond et al., 1957). Since the shelf life of cut flowers is one of the most important quality factors, the long life of these flowers has a significant impact on the amount of consumer demand and also on the value of cut flowers (Nabi Gol et al., 2015). 19 hectares, Tehran with 19 hectares, Golestan with 12 hectares, Mazandaran with 12 hectares and Markazi with 15 hectares..

    Statement of the problem

    According to the importance of flower quality in the business of cut flowers, efforts should be made to reach customers with cut flowers of the desired quality. One of the most important criteria for the consumer in choosing cut flowers is its lifespan. For this reason, a proper post-harvest program helps maintain the quality of cut flowers for a longer period of time (Rouin and Hasanpour Asil, 1390).

    Providing a food source in the form of carbohydrates is very important to meet the plant's energy needs. By separating the flowers from the mother plant, the main source of plant nutrition is removed, and if this need is not met, the lack of carbohydrates in the plant causes the destruction of the separated flowers, which becomes faster and more obvious if it is combined with inappropriate environmental conditions (Woodson, 1998; Cortes, 1972; Nell, 2002; Pemberton, 1998). Another factor that speeds up their destruction by separating the flowers from the mother base is the growth of bacteria and the increase in the deposition of substances in the vessels, which causes the vessels to be closed and the lack of water transfer, which causes the symptoms of water deficiency in the plant (Silva, 2003). which ultimately leads to the increase of hydraulic resistance in the stem and water stress, reduces the flowering life of chrysanthemum (Holloway and Mayak, 1981; Van Leepron et al., 2001; Van Doren and Kruse, 2000).

    The life after harvesting of cut flowers is affected by ethylene and microorganisms blocking the bottom of the stem, which consequently reduces the flowering life and absorption capacity water and finally vascular blockage occurs (Hashimabadi, 2018). In addition, the bacteria at the end of the stem can indirectly cause the stimulation of oxidant ions, which results in a reduction in the life of flowers after harvesting (Selgi et al., 2009). The use of plant essential oils helps in controlling this problem (Idrisi, 2008). Today, plant essential oils are known as a powerful antimicrobial agent (Selgi et al., 2009).

    Purpose of conducting the experiment

    In this experiment, 3 different concentrations of the essential oils of 3 plants, geranium, eucalyptus, and Mord, were compared with each other and the control (distilled water) and the best essential oil and concentration needed to delay the reduction in the quality of chrysanthemum cut flowers. will be introduced.

    Aging

    Aging can be considered the final stage of an organ's life, which begins with a series of irreversible natural events and ultimately leads to the destruction of cells and the death of the organ. Also, the process of natural deterioration and natural death is also considered as aging, which includes a wide range of physiological processes (Idrisi, 2018). In addition, aging refers to controlled destructive changes that include the natural death of cells, tissues and organs of living organisms (Fathi and Ismailpour, 1379).

    2-2- Obstruction by bacteria

    Cutting the surface of the flower stem releases the contents of the cells (protein, amino acid, sugar and minerals) in the pot. These are perfect foods for bacteria, yeasts and fungi that grow rapidly in aerobic environments. Sticky and glazed substances produced by bacteria and the bacteria themselves can block the water conduction system (Reed, 2009).

    2-3- Treatment with disinfectant compounds and improve the life of the flowers

    Microorganisms are one of the factors that reduce the lifespan of cut flowers after harvesting, which play a significant role in reducing their lifespan (Kia Mohammadi, 1388). The use of antiseptic and antimicrobial compounds such as 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, aluminum sulfate, cobalt chloride, citric acid, herbal essential oils, silver nanoparticles and antibiotics that have been used recently (Idrisi, 2008; Kiamohammadi, 2009; Selgi et al., 2009).

    2-4- Essential oil

    Essentials are a group of aromatic and volatile compounds that have high antimicrobial properties and are used in agriculture to control diseases.

  • Contents & References of Life extension after harvesting chrysanthemum with the help of geranium, eucalyptus and Mord essential oils

    List:

    Abstract..1

    Chapter One: Introduction and generalities.2

    1-1-Botany..3

    1-2- Economic importance.4

    1-3-Statement of the problem..4

    1-4- Purpose of the experiment.5

    Chapter two review of sources.6

    2-1- Aging.. 7

    2-2- Obstruction by bacteria. 7

    2-3- Treatment with antiseptic compounds and improving the life of gorse. 7

    2-4- Essential oils..7

    2-5- Research conducted in the field of the effect of plant essential oils on gore life. 8

    Chapter three: materials and methods. 10

    3-1- Plant materials ..11

    3-2- Implementing the experimental plan.11

    3-3- How to prepare flowers.12

    3-4- Introduction of treatments.12

    3-5- Traits measurement. 13

    3-5-1- Flower life. 13

    3-5-2- Weight gain. 13

    3-5-3- Percentage of dry matter.14

    3-5-4- Water absorption..14

    3-5-5- Petal protein content. a, b and the whole leaf. 16

    3-5-9- Flower diameter reduction index. 16

    3-5-10- Bacterial count of stem and Golja solution. 17

    3-5-11- Peroxidation of lipids. 17

    3-5-12- POD peroxidase enzyme. 17

    3-5-13- Superoxide enzyme SOD dismutase. 18

    3-5- Data analysis. 18

    Chapter four: results and discussion. 19

    4-1- Flower life.. 20

    4-2- Water absorption.. 24

    4-3- Percentage of dry matter. 25

    4-4- Flower diameter reduction index. 26

    4-5- Brix degree increase.28

    4-6- Fresh weight increase.29

    4-7- Petal carotenoid.31

    4-8- Petal protein.32

    4-9- Chlorophyll a..34

    4-10- Chlorophyll b..34

    4-11- Chlorophyll Overall..35

    4-12- Counting of stem bacteria and Golja solution.37

    4-13- Lipid peroxidation MDA (malondialdehyde level).39

    4-14- Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase).42

    General conclusion..45

    Suggestions..46

    Sources.

    Source:

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Life extension after harvesting chrysanthemum with the help of geranium, eucalyptus and Mord essential oils
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