Investigation of Escherichia coli bacteria contamination of drinking water of poultry farms in Piranshahr city

Dissertation:

To receive the degree of professional doctor of veterinary medicine (D.V.M)

Persian abstract

Title: Examining the contamination of drinking water of poultry farms in Piranshahr city with bacteria Escherichia coli

Drinking water is one of the nutritious and vital factors that is necessary for optimal growth and body temperature control and should always be available. Water is one of the components of all the cells and tissues of the animal and it is an environment for carrying out all the processes of the body, the presence of water is necessary for the digestive processes. On average, 70% of the weight of poultry and 65% of the weight of eggs is composed of water. Bacterial contamination in poultry drinking water indicates the contamination of poultry water sources with surface water and animal manure. If the water source is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, considering that water is easily and widely available to all birds, the disease will quickly spread in the flock and become an epidemic. The purpose of this research is to investigate the contamination of drinking water of meat poultry farms in Piranshahr city with Escherichia coli bacteria. In this research, out of the 15 samples studied, only two water samples were positive for Escherichia coli. The results showed that water contaminated with Escherichia coli can play an important role in the production of related diseases, especially gastrointestinal infections and septicemia. Therefore, it is suggested that for the next conclusions, the relevant research can be carried out in a very large volume and also by using ways such as: using appropriate disinfection methods, disinfecting the entire poultry water supply system, Conducting bacterial tests before hatching each period, preventing animals from accessing well water or water tank, and digging water wells away from sewage were used for prevention. style="direction: rtl;">From the point of view of biology, water is considered one of the most important chemical substances. Water exists in solid, liquid and vapor forms in nature and is one of the constituent bodies of the living environment. In such a way that its absence causes the destruction of life. Body water exists in three distinct environments: intracellular space (about 40% of body weight), intercellular space (about 15% of body weight) and inside veins (about 5% of body weight). The continuation of life in organisms depends on water, which is the most abundant substance in plant and animal tissues and the world around us. More than 80% of the earth's surface is covered by water, which exists in the form of relatively pure water in rivers and lakes, as a dilute solution of salt in the oceans, and as an almost pure solid in snow plains, ice rivers, and polar ice sheets. The unusual properties of water have a profound effect on the nature of the environment.

With the growth of the population, natural water resources are running out, and this has caused the concern of many governments around the world. Today, scientists believe that in 3100 million years ago, when non-aerobic organisms appeared, they used sea water and organic substances dissolved in it for their nutrition and evolution. Physical and chemical properties of water are completely different compared to its similar compounds. Water and its component ions, i.e. hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion, are important factors in identifying the structure and biological properties of proteins, sugars and lipids. Water is one of the main ingredients in many foods, and water is an important part of many food items.

Water makes up more than 65% of shelled eggs, albumin has a lot of water, and its solid part includes proteins in addition to a small amount of carbohydrates. Half of the composition of the yolk is water.

The importance of water in poultry is to transport food, participate in chemical reactions, remove waste materials and help maintain temperature. Poultry are very sensitive to thirst, so that a few hours after being deprived of water causes a lot of losses in the poultry flock, and it is necessary for body thermoregulation, water constitutes approximately 55-57 percent of the poultry's body weight.In women, water makes up about 50% and in men about 60% of body weight. A part of water is in the form of a compound and a part of the particle structure of chemical substances, which is called bound water.    Bacterial contamination in poultry drinking water indicates the contamination of poultry water sources with surface water and animal manure. If the water source is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, considering that water is easily and widely available to all birds, the disease will quickly spread in the flock and become an epidemic. The presence of fecal matter in water indicates the possibility of water contamination with pathogens. The contamination could have happened from the source of the water, for example, from the spring or inside the farm. Therefore, the purpose of this research:

1- Isolation of Escherichia coli bacteria from the drinking water of broiler farms in Piranshahr city.

2- Investigating the relationship between drinking water pollution and flock performance.

3- Investigating suitable solutions to improve the quality of drinking water.

Chapter One

         Overview

Review of  Literature   

Research objectives

1-Isolation of Escherichia coli bacteria from drinking water of broiler farms in Piranshahr city

2-Investigation of the relationship between drinking water pollution and flock performance

3-Investigation of suitable solutions to improve the quality of drinking water

Dispersion of water in nature

    There is no such thing as pure natural water. Rainwater, which is the purest form of natural water, contains small amounts of dissolved gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and, near industrial areas, sulfur dioxide. All the waters that cover the earth's surface or are located near the earth's surface are called the hydrosphere.

The oceans alone contain a volume of 1356660000000000 million. Scientists believe that this amount of water weighs 1411000000000 million tons, which is only 22% of the earth's volume. (Hamidi, 1387).

The water we use for drinking and domestic or industrial purposes is supplied from various sources as described below:

1-3-1-Rainwater

Rain is created by the distillation of cooled water vapor. Mankind has always attached special importance to rain and used it for drinking and other purposes by storing rainwater in reservoirs and other reservoirs. Springs often appear next to hills and mountain ranges. The passing of water through different layers of the earth and its passage on the surface of the earth causes excessive impurity and pollution of these waters. 1-3-3-Aqueduct An aqueduct is an almost horizontal underground channel that transfers water from the depth of the earth, which is located in far distances and on a slope, to the surface of the earth. They build aqueducts in the alluvial areas that are composed of sand and clay strata.

1-3-4- Well

    A well is a vertical cylindrical conduit that connects the surface of the earth to an underground water reservoir, which are named deep, semi-deep and shallow according to the height of the well. Special water is transferred to the surface of the earth. 1-3-5- Water of lakes and seas In some parts of the world, the water of seas and seas is sweetened and used for drinking. In Iran, in the southern part of the country (Bushehr), water desalination devices provide part of the city's water consumption. There is no such thing as pure natural water.