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  3. Rooting study of two gardenia cultivars using NAA and IBA rooting hormones

Rooting study of two gardenia cultivars using NAA and IBA rooting hormones

Number of pages: 45 File Format: word File Code: 32422
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: cuttings - gardenia - Indole butyric acid - N.A.A - Naphthalene acetic acid - Ornamental plants - rooting - Rooting hormones
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  • Summary of Rooting study of two gardenia cultivars using NAA and IBA rooting hormones

    Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (M.Sc.)

    Field: Horticultural Sciences, Major: Ornamental Plants

    Abstract

      in order to investigate the effect Plant growth regulators and variety on the rooting of gardenia cuttings, a study in the form of a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three plant growth regulating factors including: IBA at 4 levels (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg/L) and NAA at 4 levels (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg/L) and 2 varieties of gardenia (small flower and large flower) in 3 replications and 96 experimental plots were performed. The results of variance analysis showed that the simple effect of different treatment levels was statistically significant at 1 or 5% level. Also, the interaction effects of cultivar and plant growth regulators were significant in rooting percentage, root length and the length of the largest root. Comparison of the average data showed that the treatment of 4000 mg/L of indole butyric acid increased the rooting percentage by 62% compared to the treatment without hormone (23%) and caused a significant increase in other traits. Also, the treatment of 2000 mg/liter of naphthalene acetic acid showed the best rooting percentage with 64% and also increased the fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and the length of the longest root.

    Keywords: gardenia, rooting, naphthalene acetic acid and indole butyric acid.

    Introduction

                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction                                                                                     . In the design of the green space, annual and permanent ornamental flowers are more important due to the diversity of color and shape and have a greater impact on the environment (McDonald, 2002).

    It has been a long time that growth regulators are used to increase the quality and quantity of plants and create resistance to drought in agriculture. The use of growth regulators as a method to change the physiology of agricultural plants, together with other methods, seems necessary, because compared to the long duration of genetic modification of plants and manipulation of their genetic structure, the results of the use of growth regulators are faster (Abbaspour, 1375).

    Production of flowers and ornamental plants is of particular importance today and the formulation of comprehensive plans for the production and export of these plants, in addition to generating employment, income It brings abundance to our country. In terms of climatic and light conditions, our country has special advantages compared to major global producers (Mohoboob Khammami, 2006).

    Botany and Ecological Distribution of Gardenia

    Gardenia plant (Gardenia jasminoides) belongs to the Rubiaceae family. This genus consists of 25 different species, evergreen plants, shrubs or small trees. Usually, the height and spread of the mentioned species reaches 60 to 120 cm. It is native to China and has dark green, shiny leaves and spears. Its flowers are single, white and fragrant. Gardenia can be placed outside the greenhouse or apartment in the summer. This plant needs a period of winter sleep and the temperature should be 12 degrees Celsius during this period. Its leaves are generally permanent, reciprocal and oval-shaped, and its flowers are white, fragrant, which come out from the side of the leaves or the end of the branch. This plant has different species in nature, and Gardenia jasminoides [1] and its varieties have large fragrant white flowers and a very beautiful and attractive evergreen shrub. Among its other species, Fulgens, X hybrida, Triphylla and Jasmenoides, all of which have dense white flowers with dark green leaves and a pleasant fragrance, are receiving a lot of attention. The problem is that the temperature of 16 degrees at night and 26 degrees during the day is necessary for the flower to appear. The second problem is the issue of irrigation. If its watering is too much or less than the required amount, its flowers will fall before blooming.. After the appearance of the flower, a uniform temperature of about 12-15 degrees will be enough and it needs light water (water whose hardness is less than 300 parts per million) and the soil surface of the pot should always have relative humidity. If hard water is used, the leaves turn yellow and fall off (Beynam, 1392; Khushkhoi, 1389; Clemson Extension, 1999).

    rtl;">   Gardenia needs a lot of light, high temperature, regular watering, air humidity of 50 to 70% and acidic soil. The best temperature for storage in spring and summer is about 20 degrees and in winter about 10 degrees Celsius.  The minimum temperature it tolerates is -2 degrees Celsius and it is sensitive to long frosts. It needs regular watering during full growth, but it needs less water at other times. Gardenia can be propagated from mid to late spring. For this purpose, cut the cuttings at the end of the stem, which are 8 to 10 cm long, with gardening scissors and dip them in rooting hormone powder. Then each one is placed in a pot with a diameter of 9 cm containing compost with a peat base. Cover them with a transparent plastic bag and keep the temperature around 18 to 20 degrees Celsius, making sure that the soil is moist enough. After two months of rooting, after that, plant the plant in a pot with an opening diameter of 11 to 13 cm, containing potting compost with a peat base, suitable for plants that need a low pH (Bradshaw and John, 1998; Duke and Rashid, 2010).

    Statement of the problem

    It is possible that living plant cells have all the genetic information necessary to produce a complete plant in their nucleus. This feature is called empowerment (Steward and Grigorian, 1978). The main advantage of asexual reproduction is that the resulting plants are similar to the parent plant and no genetic changes occur in them (Devine and Yeager, 2003). Of course, vegetative growth is accompanied by problems such as improper or low-quality rooting. Aberrant rooting is the formation of roots from places other than the place where the root arises from under natural conditions (Davis et al., 1982). Success in rooting depends on various factors, the most important of which are plant growth regulators. The absence of these compounds causes a decrease in water absorption efficiency, wilting of the plant, decrease in cell size, and loss of organs such as leaves (Khushkhoi, 2019; Shirzad et al., 2012).    

    Research has shown that the ability of cuttings to form roots depends on the plant material (internal factors) and also the conditions in which the cuttings are kept during the rooting process (external factors). Cuttings of many plant species root easily. Although some others do not take root even in similar conditions (Sado, 1998; Khushkhovi, 2019). At present, there is little information about the causes of non-rooting of some cuttings, which may be caused by several factors, the most important of which are mechanical barriers, nutritional imbalance, inappropriate hormonal factors, and the accumulation of inhibitors (Sado, 1998). Auxins have an important effect on the rooting of cuttings, which in the beginning, are effective in the longitudinal growth and efficiency of the number of rooted cuttings, and their lack of use causes problems in asexual reproduction (Fathi et al., 2019).

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Rooting study of two gardenia cultivars using NAA and IBA rooting hormones
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