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  3. The effect of density and planting date on the quantity and quality of two ecotypes of garlic

The effect of density and planting date on the quantity and quality of two ecotypes of garlic

Number of pages: 57 File Format: word File Code: 32415
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Food and Packaging Industries
Tags/Keywords: Density - Desert ecotype - Ecotype - garlic plant - Garlic plant ecotypes - Medicinal plants - planting date - planting garlic - White ecotype
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  • Summary of The effect of density and planting date on the quantity and quality of two ecotypes of garlic

    Abstract

    Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important medicinal and industrial plants of the Alliaceae family. Garlic onion prevents the proliferation of cancer cells and has antiseptic, insecticidal, anti-fungal and bacterial power, reduces blood pressure and sugar, anti-diarrhea, strengthens the digestive system, and is also used as a flavoring agent in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Planting date and plant density are two main and primary components in plant cultivation. Planting date is one of the important factors that affect the length of the vegetative and reproductive growth period and the balance between them, as well as other production factors, harvest quality, and ultimately yield. In addition to planting date, plant density is also an important factor determining production. One of the prerequisites for achieving high performance is to provide favorable conditions for using solar radiation in order to produce photosynthetic materials at its highest level of efficiency. Achieving this goal is possible by changing the density of plants and the distribution of plants per unit of land area. Therefore, one of the first steps in cultivating a plant is to know the optimal density for the best use of inputs and environmental factors. Considering that there is not much information regarding the date of planting and the optimal density of garlic plant ecotypes in the Semnan region, therefore, it seems that conducting research in this field can increase the quantity and quality of the crop in the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of planting date and plant density on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of garlic plants. This experiment was carried out in the form of two split plots in the form of completely randomized blocks with three repetitions. At the end of the project, in addition to the yield, yield components including the number of cloves in garlic, garlic weight, fresh and dry weight of the plant and tuber, leaf surface size and dry weight of the plant will also be evaluated. In a general conclusion, autumn crops, especially the planting date of 25 Mehr month, were superior to spring crops in terms of many traits such as yield, which is the longer growth period and the transfer of more photosynthetic materials to garlic. Also, with the increase in density, despite the decrease in many traits, the yield per unit area showed a significant increase. No significant difference was observed between the two studied ecotypes in autumn cultivation, but in spring cultivation, the Hamedan white ecotype was better than the Damghan desert ecotype in most traits. rtl;"> 

     

    1-1 Introduction

    Medicinal plants are one of the most valuable resources in the wide range of Iran's natural resources, which can play an important role in society's health, job creation, and non-oil exports if scientifically recognized, cultivated, developed, and exploited correctly. The global approach to the use of medicinal plants and natural compounds in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic-sanitary and food industries, followed by the attention of people, officials and domestic industries to the use of medicinal and aromatic plants, shows the urgent need for extensive basic and applied research in this field. (Omidbeigi, 1376)

    Garlic[1] is the second most important product among edible alliums after onion and is used as a vegetable, spice and medicine. The global production of garlic is 12 million tons, which has doubled from 1986 to 2006. The largest area under cultivation and production belongs to China with 489,200 hectares and 6.6 million tons. (Anon, 2007) Garlic has properties such as disinfectant, insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and blood sugar lowering properties, which is due to the presence of substances such as syncytrin, protein, fiber, fat, vitamins C, B, A and natural sugars, a large amount of micronutrients. (copper, iron, tin, calcium). (Bayat and Nosrati, 2001)

    The area under garlic cultivation in Iran is variable and in recent years it has been reported about 12,000-18,000 hectares with an average production of 6-8 tons per hectare.Hamedan province is one of the prone areas for garlic cultivation in Iran, the usual planting date in Hamedan region is between 15th and 30th of November, and according to the harvest date of garlic in the region, which is between 20th and 30th of July, the possibility of second planting is also available. The cultivated area of ??Sirastan Hamadan in the crop year 2015-2016 was about 2852 hectares and the production rate of the province was 24319 tons and the average yield was 9 tons per hectare. The reason for the higher yield of garlic in this province compared to the average of the country is the proper snow cover on the crop in winter. On the other hand, sufficient rainfall in the spring and favorable temperature of the day and cool nights in the summer, which leads to the favorable growth of garlic in Hamedan, are the factors of this superiority. 2009)

    One ??of the most important agricultural management factors affecting the yield and other agricultural characteristics is the date of planting. ((Khajehpour, 1992

    The date of planting garlic in an area should be adjusted so that we have the minimum prevalence of sucking pests in the growth stage of the plant that is being garlic-bound. The best method of fighting garlic pests is agronomic principles such as planting on time and planting resistant and early cultivars. (Khajehpour, 1992)

    The delay in planting and the shortening of the growth period will ultimately reduce the yield significantly. Some researchers believe that environmental conditions such as the length of the growing period, day length, temperature, and factors such as available moisture are different in different planting dates, in addition, reduced vegetative growth causes a decrease in yield in late planting. Planting date has a significant effect on all indicators, including garlic yield, harvest index, plant height and number of leaves.

    Delay in planting causes a reduction in the growth period and a decrease in the leaf area index, a decrease in dry weight and the growth rate of the product.

    Planting on time increases the dry matter because the completion of vegetation cover and absorption of more light and the process of accumulation of photosynthetic materials accelerates and the plant It can better use the available environmental resources. (Sarmadnia and Koucheki, 2001)

    According to Pooler and Simon (Pooler and Simon, 1998), dry matter accumulation increases in autumn cultivation and dry matter accumulation decreases in spring cultivation. In Waterer's report (Waterer, 2001), the comparison of autumn and spring planting in terms of plant growth and water consumption efficiency showed that the water consumption efficiency in autumn cultivation has increased compared to spring. Planting garlic in spring had a 16% decrease in yield compared to planting in fall, and the total and marketable yield in fall planting was twice that of spring planting, and accordingly, fall planting of garlic is recommended. November (November 10) and December 15 (December 25) were tested and the results showed that the highest yield was obtained from the planting date of November 15 (November 25). In the state of California, USA, garlic is planted in early fall (September or early October) and the results obtained from this region show that high yield is related to early fall planting.

    Garlic planting in late winter (February or March) can be done under special conditions in cold regions. In this type of cultivation, growth and cold stimulation must be sufficient, otherwise this late planting will not produce garlic properly, because the plants may not receive the required winter cold for the establishment of garlic. They were planted with an interval of ten days in the fall from the first of September to the end of November

  • Contents & References of The effect of density and planting date on the quantity and quality of two ecotypes of garlic

    List:

    Chapter One - Introduction

    1-1 Introduction

    Chapter Two - Review of Previous Researches

    Chapter Three - Materials and Methods

    3-1 Geographical Location of Damghan and its Suburbs

    3-2 Statistical Design and Treatments

    3-3 Agricultural Operations

    3-4 Case Characteristics Review

    3-5 Statistical Analysis

    Chapter Four - Results and Discussion

    4-1 Plant Height

    4-2 Average Fresh Weight of Garlic

    4-3 Average Dry Weight of Garlic

    4-4 Performance of Garlic per Unit Area (Wet Weight)

    4-5 Performance of Garlic per Unit Area (Dry Weight)

    4-6 average length and diameter of sorghum

    4-7 average number and weight of sorghum

    4-8 amount of allicin

    Chapter V - Conclusion

    Conclusion

    Sources

    Latin abstract

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    Resources

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The effect of density and planting date on the quantity and quality of two ecotypes of garlic
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