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  3. Investigating factors affecting social forestry in Kabirkoh vegetation area

Investigating factors affecting social forestry in Kabirkoh vegetation area

Number of pages: 71 File Format: word File Code: 32387
Year: Not Specified University Degree: Not Specified Category: Geography - Urban Planning
Tags/Keywords: Communication factors - Forest resource management - forestry - Forestry Organization - green space - Kabir Mountain - Natural resources - Pasture and watershed - People's participation - Social forestry
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  • Summary of Investigating factors affecting social forestry in Kabirkoh vegetation area

    Abstract:

    Social forestry is everyone's effort towards the formation of a flow of forest products along with the protection and restoration of forest resources in the long term to benefit the entire society.

    The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting social forestry in the Kabirkoh vegetation area (Dera Shahr city). The current research is of an applied type and the research method is of a descriptive type, and among the descriptive researches, it is of a causal-relational type. The statistical population included active people living in the forest areas of Dere Shahr city. Stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment is chosen. Statistics and information have been collected from documentary and library study methods as well as field method through questionnaire. For the validity of the questionnaire, comments and correction suggestions from the professors of the Islamic Azad University of Ilam branch and expert experts of the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Ilam Province were used, and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined by determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient at 89%. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis with the help of SPSS version 21 statistical software. Also, in this research, eta correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The results of the findings showed that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between the variables of age, number of family members, marital status, level of education, employment status, main job, annual income, communication factors, promotion factors, social and cultural factors, and political factors of villagers and their participation in social forestry, and there is no significant relationship between the variables of gender, ownership of agricultural land, and type of fuel consumed. The results show that social and cultural factors, communication factors, promotion factors and individual characteristics influence the variable of villagers' participation in social forestry.

    Key words: social forestry, people's participation, natural resources, communication factors, Kabir Kouh, Dareh Shahr

    Chapter 1

    Research overview

    1-1- Introduction

    The basis of the economy of human societies depends on the life and vitality of natural resources, and the natural resources of every society are considered its main wealth. The existence of economic and environmental values ??in natural resources is a reliable support for the continued survival of humans and other living beings and guarantees the flourishing of life and sustainable development.

    In recent years, extensive and useful measures have been taken for the participation of people and governmental and non-governmental institutions for cooperation and assistance in the preservation and restoration of natural resources in Iran, the formation of more than 806 natural resource cooperatives, training of about one million users and people, cooperation with More than 126 non-governmental organizations, attracting the cooperation of 15 ministries and government organizations, cooperation with Islamic councils, organizing honorary guards, handing over 8 million hectares of forest management in the north and outside of the north of Iran to the people in the form of forest cooperatives and forest resources management, attracting people's participation to invest in the production, employment and development of forests and pastures and creating green spaces in the form of the Tubi plan have been among the cooperative activities of the Forests, Ranges and Watershed Organization in recent years (Forests Organization and pastures and watershed management of the country, 1379).

    Despite the above useful and effective measures, unfortunately, people's participation in natural resources has faced many problems and obstacles. Some of the problems are related to the structural issues of the administrative system, including the lack of laws that pave the way for people's participation, complex bureaucracy, the lack of necessary capacity to accept people's participation, the lack of support from banks, and the lack of credit resources for natural resource projects. Some problems such as low literacy or illiteracy of users, lack of suitable organizations to organize them and lack of economic incentive for people and the private sector to invest are caused by the lack of an efficient support and guidance system. Also, some natural resource projects are designed in such a way that users and investors are less willing to participate in them (Shaari, 1379).

    1-2- Statement of the problem

    The country of Iran has 12.4 million hectares of forests, which are located in five different vegetation zones. The growing area of ??Zagros with about five million hectares with an area equal to 40% of the total forests has the largest share, but due to the reasons caused by the increase in population, unevenness and inequality of vital needs and the amount of production and services, excessive livestock grazing, development of agricultural lands, supply of wood for fuel, debranching of trees and many other factors, the forests of this region have suffered severe destruction. Planning, design and implementation are based on the principles of participation in the framework of sustainable development, and in order to resolve and reduce these crises, we must resort to thoughtful human measures and interventions in the process of protection, growth and development of natural resources and the environment. On the other hand, taking into account that the large size of these resources, the work of preserving and maintaining them has fallen from the responsibility of an institution or organization and even the government alone, therefore it is necessary to think of measures for the greater participation of people in the protection of natural resources (Shariati et al., 2014). It includes Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kahkiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad and Fars, it is estimated to be 550.561.5 hectares. The amount of households using firewood in the forest to provide fuel in the villages and nomadic areas of Zagros forest areas is estimated at least 400 thousand households and the average consumption of each household is estimated to be 25 cubic meters per year (Ebrahimpour, 2018).  

    Ilam province is one of the provinces located in the west of the country and is part of the Zagros region. This province has a total of 11% of Zagros forests and 4% of Iran's forests, 4.97% of the total vegetation pastures of Zagros and 8% of the total area of ??Iran's pastures. On the other hand, 87.38% of the total area of ??the province is made up of natural resources. The area of ??forests in Ilam province is equal to 641/667 hectares with the predominance of oak species and the area of ??pastures in the province is equal to 1/146/280 hectares (Organization of Forests, Meadows and Watersheds of the Country, 1385). For many centuries, vast areas of natural resources have been protected by traditional owners and operators, but due to changes in traditional systems, excessive emphasis on government management, failure to replace the desired cooperative system, population increase, poverty and lack of necessary awareness, natural resource areas have gradually been changed to agricultural and horticultural uses, and its adverse effects have manifested themselves in the form of floods, droughts, climate changes, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and other damages (Shaeri and Saadi, 1382).

    One ??of the ways to solve the problems of natural and environmental resources in our country is the participation of villagers and users of natural resources in the activities of preserving, reforming, revitalizing, developing and exploiting it (Kenaat, 1385).

    Since there are many obstacles to participation, comprehensive solutions should be used to encourage participation. Participation requires groundwork. People should know their role and duty in the partnership system well, in organizations where the partnership system is active, there is mutual trust between officials, employees and people (Haji Musa, 2014). In other words, the first step in getting close to people is gaining their trust (Shaari and Saadi, 2012). 

    In the forests of Zagros, due to the high population density and the heavy livelihood dependence of the villagers and forest dwellers on the forest and its products and the inevitability of its management with the help of the local people, it prompts us to apply a special type of management (participatory management or social forestry) to move these forests towards a stable and ideal forest and prevent its destruction and destruction, and also meet the needs of the local people to the extent that the forest is seriously damaged and Irreparable, do not make it come true. In order to achieve this goal, the needs and demands of the local people and forest-dwelling communities should be fully understood and their opinions should be included in the plans and goal-setting so that there is the least conflict in the management of the forest and the demands of the local people.

    Different opinions have been given in the field of solving the problems and problems of the villagers in the forest areas.

  • Contents & References of Investigating factors affecting social forestry in Kabirkoh vegetation area

    List:

    None.  

    Source:

    List of Persian sources:

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Investigating factors affecting social forestry in Kabirkoh vegetation area
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