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  3. Improving the shelf life of chrysanthemum morifolium L. by using orange spring essential oil, fulvic acid and copper nanoparticles

Improving the shelf life of chrysanthemum morifolium L. by using orange spring essential oil, fulvic acid and copper nanoparticles

Number of pages: 44 File Format: word File Code: 32363
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: chrysanthemum - chrysanthemum - Copper nanoparticles - cut flowers - cut flowers - Folic acid - Herbal essential oil - Improving life expectancy - Orange spring essential oil
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  • Summary of Improving the shelf life of chrysanthemum morifolium L. by using orange spring essential oil, fulvic acid and copper nanoparticles

    Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (M.Sc)

    Abstract

    Chrysanthemum morifolum L.) is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, which ranks second in the world after roses in terms of economy and cultivation. One of the important problems of this flower is vascular blockage and disruption of the water balance. For this purpose, a study based on a completely randomized design with 3 treatments of fulvic acid at 3 levels (50, 100 and 150 mg/L), spring orange plant essence at 3 levels (10, 30 and 50%) and copper nanoparticles at 3 levels (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) along with a control, in 3 replications and 36 plots and four flower branches in each plot It was conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture. In this test, the leaf life, the percentage of dry matter, the amount of chlorophyll a and b, the number of bacteria at the end of the leaf, the carotenoid pigment and the activity of the enzymes in the leaf were evaluated. According to the results of the treatments used, the leaf life was the longest with copper nanoparticles and the lowest was from the spring essential oil treatment. orange with an average of 14 days. Comparison of the average effect of the experimental treatments on the number of dissolved bacteria showed that the highest amount was related to the control treatment with an average of 90.1 units, and the lowest was obtained from the N1 treatment (5 mg/liter of copper nanoparticles) with an average of 33.3 units. The comparison of the average effect of the experimental treatments on the reduction of the Brix degree showed that the highest reduction of the Brix degree was related to the N2 treatment (10 mg/liter of copper nanoparticles). with an average of 1.39% and the lowest was obtained from treatment B2 (30% of spring orange essential oil) with an average of 0.53%. The effect of the treatments used on the amount of water absorption showed that the highest water absorption was assigned to treatment B1 (10% of spring orange essential oil) with an average of 1.20 ml/g of fresh weight and the lowest for the control treatment with an average of 0.88 ml/g of fresh weight. Also, the investigation of the effect of the experimental treatments on the percentage of dry matter showed that the highest amount related to the N1 treatment (5 mg/liter of copper nanoparticles) with an average of 32.33% and the lowest was obtained from the control treatment with an average of 11.33%. According to the obtained results, the effect of the treatments on improving the quality characteristics after harvesting chrysanthemum has been significant.

    Key words: Omar Goljai, plant essential oil, fulvic acid, copper nanoparticles, chrysanthemum

    1-1- General and botany

    Omar cut flowers They are short and are consumed fresh, and improving their shelf life is one of the main goals of the floriculture industry (Hematzadeh et al., 2016; Ahmed et al., 2011).

    In 2019, more than one billion cut flowers were produced in the country, of which 40% was waste (Rostami and Rahmi, 2010). Despite the fact that cut flowers have a great economic value among garden products, they are among the most perishable. Their high respiration, susceptibility to damage and fast perishability made them need more care in the post-harvest stage (Chanasut et al., 2003). Considering the importance of flower quality in the cut flower business, efforts should be made to reach the customer with the cut flowers of the desired quality. One of the most important criteria for consumers in choosing cut flowers is its lifespan; For this reason, a proper post-harvest program helps maintain the quality of cut flowers for a longer period of time (Eason et al., 2001; Ruin and Hasanpour Aseel, 2010).

    According to the latest official world statistics in 2008, a total of 121 countries exported cut flowers, and Iran ranked 67th. In 2008, Iran ranked 17th in the world with an annual production of about two billion flower branches, and in terms of export, with an annual export of only 10 million branches, it was ranked 107th among 150 countries (Idrisi, 2008). It is an ornamental gerbera, anthurium, marguerite and sunflower (Chizhari et al., 2016).It belongs to the family of Kolahperak Sanan [1]. The main habitat of most of today's species is China. Commercial hybrid production for chrysanthemum breeding still continues in America, Asia and Europe. Their selection is not only based on the shape and color of the flowers, but also in terms of the flowering power in all seasons of the year and the quality of the flowers after harvesting (Doll and Wilkins, 1999). Chrysanthemum has a long flowering life, which is attributed to low ethylene production during its old age (Bartoli et al., 1996). This flower belongs to the group of non-secreting flowers and its aging is in response to changes in the amount of carbohydrates (Adachi et al., 1999) and ethylene does not play a significant role in this process (Nabi Gol et al., 2015). The most important problem after harvesting chrysanthemum is the yellowing of leaves and the inability to absorb water, which leads to premature wilting of the leaves (Idrisi, 1388). which leads to premature wilting of leaves (Idrisi, 2008). The decrease in the quality of chrysanthemum cut flowers is mostly due to the withering of its leaves (Holloway and Mayak, 1979) and the delay in leaf withering followed by the delay in aging causes a longer life of chrysanthemum flowers (Petrido et al., 2001). Deficiency of water normally causes blockage of stem vessels (Vandorn and Prik, 1990). The formation of air bubbles inside the chrysanthemum stems reduces the quality of the flowers. These bubbles prevent the transfer of water in the stem and as a result the hydraulic resistance increases and leads to severe water stress (Van Leepern et al., 2001). Vascular blockage caused by air bubbles can be removed by short-term treatments with a solution of a detergent (Idrisi, 2008).

    The life after harvesting of cut flowers is mainly influenced by various factors such as ethylene production, temperature, light, relative humidity and micro-organisms at the end of the stem. It affects plant receptors (Idrisi, 2008; Hashem Abadi, 2010). Also, stem microorganisms reduce water absorption and have a negative effect on water relations, which causes flowers to wither and reduce their flowering life (Idrisi, 2018; Selgi et al., 2009). Therefore, it seems necessary to find solutions in this field.

    1-3- Research objectives

    Increasing the life after harvesting of chrysanthemum cut flowers

    Decreasing the soluble bacteria in the flower spot and the end of the stem of cut flowers. Chrysanthemum

    Introduction of organic and environmentally friendly compounds as an alternative to chemical substances

    - The importance of chrysanthemum flower

    It is one of the most important cut flowers in the world and has more than 200 species that exist among annual herbaceous, perennial and small shrubs and bushes. (Qehsara and Kafi, 2014).  Chrysanthemum is one of the most important flowers that is traded in both potted and cut forms in the world markets, so that today it ranks second in the world after roses in terms of economy and cultivation. Since the durability of cut flowers is one of the most important quality factors, the long life of these flowers has a significant effect on the amount of consumer demand and also on the value of cut flowers (Nabi Gol et al., 2016). Aging and deterioration of chrysanthemum cut flowers do not play much role, the formation of air bubbles inside chrysanthemum stem vessels reduces the quality of flowers. These bubbles prevent the transfer of water in the stem and as a result the hydraulic resistance increases and leads to severe water stress (Van Lippern et al., 2001). The decrease in the quality of chrysanthemum cut flowers is mostly due to the wilting of its leaves (Holloway and Mayak, 1979) and the delay in leaf wilting followed by the delay in aging causes a longer chrysanthemum flowering life (Petridu et al., 2001).

  • Contents & References of Improving the shelf life of chrysanthemum morifolium L. by using orange spring essential oil, fulvic acid and copper nanoparticles

    List:

    Abstract. 9

    Chapter One

    Introduction. 10

    1-1- Generalities and botany. 11

    1-2- statement of the problem. 12

    1-3- research objectives. 12

    Chapter Two

    Review of sources. 13

    2-1- The importance of chrysanthemum. 14

    2-2- Omar Goljaei of chrysanthemum. 14

    2-3- vascular obstruction. 14

    2-4- Disinfectants. 14

    2-5- Research background. 15

    2-5-1-Hydroxyquinoline salts. 15

    2-5-2- plant essential oils. 17

    2-5-3- copper. 17

    2-5-4-humic acid. 18

    Chapter Three

    Materials and methods. 19

    3-1- Design specifications. 20

    3-2- Plant materials. 20

    3-3- Introduction of treatments. 20

    3-4- How to prepare flowers. 20

    3-5- Traits measurement. 21

    3-5-1- Goljaei's life span. 21

    2-3-5-percentage of dry matter at the end of Goljai's life. 21

    3-5-3- Reduction of dissolved solids (Brix degree). 21

    3-5-4- solution absorption. 21

    3-5-5- More weight loss. 21

    3-5-6- counting the stem bacteria. 21

    3-5-7- counting dissolved bacteria. 22

    3-5-8- Petal carotenoid pigment measurement. 22

    3-5-9- Measurement of chlorophyll a and b and whole leaves. 22

    3-5-10- Petal protein measurement. 22

    3-5-11- Measurement of peroxidase enzyme activity. 22

    3-5-12- Measurement of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity 22

    3-6- Data analysis. 22

    Chapter Four

    Results. 23

    4-1- Omar Goljaei. 25

    4-2- Counting dissolved bacteria. 25

    4-3- Counting stem bacteria. 26

    4-4- Reduction of dissolved solids (Brix degree). 27

    4-5- Absorption of solution. 27

    4-6% of dry matter. 28

    4-7- Weight loss. 29

    4-8- total chlorophyll. 29

    4-9- petal protein. 30

    4-10- petal carotenoid pigment. 31

    4-11- Peroxidase enzyme activity. 31

    4-12- Superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. 32

    Chapter Five

    Discussion. 33

    5-1- Discussion. 34

    5-2- General conclusion. 38

    5-3- Suggestions. 38

    Sources

    Source:

     

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    Idrisi, b. and Kalai, A. 2013. Investigating the effect of chemical treatments on lifespan and some qualitative traits of rose and carnation cut flowers and their economic comparison. The final report of the research project of the National Flower and Ornamental Plant Research Station. and Arabi, A. 2016. Investigating the effect of storage solutions on increasing the lifespan after harvesting and flowering of carnations. National symposium on ways to improve the production and development of the export of flowers and ornamental plants in Iran. Pages 3 to 9.

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Improving the shelf life of chrysanthemum morifolium L. by using orange spring essential oil, fulvic acid and copper nanoparticles
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