Experimental investigation of the effect of biodiesel and diesel compounds on the emission and performance of the MT4-244 diesel engine

Master's Thesis in Mechanical Engineering

Energy Conversion Trend

Abstract

The increasing use of fossil resources, the increase of greenhouse gases and the strict emission standards of cars are the main incentive to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel to diesel engines. is Air pollution, global warming, limitation and high cost of fossil resources are among the problems faced by human society, to solve these problems cheap biodiesel such as food waste biodiesel can be efficient. The test matrix includes RPM 1200, RPM1400, RPM1700, and RPM2000 at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% engine loads. At low revolutions, the amount of turbulence is less than at high revolutions, and this causes the reduction of turbulence and the quality of combustion, but with the increase of the revolution, the necessary turbulence is created. The high speed makes the exhaust valves open earlier and the quality of this causes the fuel to leave the valve before complete combustion and incomplete combustion. Performance results show a slight increase in power and torque at high revs and a decrease at low revs.  NOX and BSFC have increased while CO and soot pollutants have decreased significantly.

In biodiesel fuels, due to the presence of oxygen, less CO and more CO2 are produced. The reason is the reaction of oxygen with Co and the production of carbon dioxide.

Also, due to the resources used to produce biodiesel, (food waste) costs are reduced.

Key words: biodiesel, edible oil, engine performance, engine emissions, renewable fuel

1-1- Introduction

The increasing use of fossil resources and the limitation of these resources has increased the price of this valuable material and turned it into a strategic economic commodity. If we add environmental problems and global warming due to greenhouse gas pollution, we find the importance of finding an alternative to meet the world's growing need for new energy sources. In the last few decades, this problem has not only troubled oil importers, but it has also become a problem for oil-rich countries such as Iran, which are facing various problems in the field of fuel supply.

Until now, the most important and common fuel used in transportation services in many countries of the world has been gasoline and diesel. Cars that use gasoline or diesel as fuel emit harmful substances and pollutants with complex chemical compounds, which themselves cause the production of tropospheric ozone (ozone on the earth's surface). Although various measures to reduce pollution, from the technical inspection of cars to the installation of emission control systems in the exhaust of cars, have been used in developed countries, but these programs have not significantly reduced the production of ozone and other pollutants in big cities. shows In general, these fuels produce less hydrocarbon (unburned) during combustion, and the materials released from their combustion have less chemical activity to form ozone and other toxic substances. The use of alternative fuels also reduces the intensity of the increase and carbon dioxide that causes global warming. Many scientists and researchers have done many experiments and researches in order to replace more suitable fuels. Among the alternatives that can be used in compression combustion engines are esters of vegetable oils or biodiesels. Because vegetable oils are expensive, they make biodiesel produced from plant sources more expensive than regular diesel fuel. Therefore, finding non-edible vegetable oils and using edible waste oils to produce biodiesel can reduce their final price and make their production economically viable.

1-2- Description of the subject

In this research, the aim is to determine the effect of combining food waste biodiesel with conventional diesel on the performance and emissions of the compression combustion engine. To achieve the above goal, the first step was to obtain biodiesel from the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran and transfer it to the engine research center of Tabriz Tractorsazi Company. The fuel in different combination ratios with diesel was tested at the engine research center of Tabriz Tractorsazi Company on the MT4.244 diesel engine, and the results of the tests will be analyzed and analyzed after three repetitions and taking the average in the coming seasons. It creates risks for the world's climate, and in this way, public opinion was led to create periodic international conferences and form an agreement to solve this problem. Governments held a series of international conferences to reflect public opinion and demanded an international agreement to examine this issue. In 1990, the United Nations General Assembly established the Inter-State Negotiations Committee (INC) to formulate the Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC).

The negotiation committee drafted the convention and this draft was approved on May 9, 1992 at the UN headquarters in New York. By accepting the United Nations Convention on Climate Change in 1992, governments considered this convention as a launching pad for more fundamental actions in the future. In response to the changes caused by scientific knowledge and political will, the convention provides the possibility of accepting additional obligations through revision, discussion and exchange of views.

The first revision of the adequacy of the obligations of developed countries, which was emphasized in COP1, was carried out in 1995 in Berlin. The present delegations came to the conclusion that the commitments of developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in 2000 to the level of 1990 is not compatible with the long-term goal of the convention to prevent the interference of hazardous wastes caused by human activities with the climate system.

Ministers and executive officials accepted new commitments along with the acceptance of the Berlin Agreement and the start of a new round of negotiations to strengthen the commitments of developed countries. The special group for this, which was formed in the Berlin agreement to draft the protocol, sent this protocol to COP3 after 8 meetings.

About 10,000 people participated in the conference hosted by Japan in Kyoto in December 1997. One of the positive results of this conference was the adoption of a new protocol whereby industrialized countries committed to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by 2008-2012 by 5% below 1990 levels. It can be said with certainty that this mandatory and legal commitment will gradually reverse the rising curve of industrialized countries' greenhouse gas emissions, which has been on the rise for the past 150 years.