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  3. Comparison of the effect of distilled, deionized, magnetic and urban water on the flowering life of rose, gerbera and chrysanthemum cut flowers.

Comparison of the effect of distilled, deionized, magnetic and urban water on the flowering life of rose, gerbera and chrysanthemum cut flowers.

Number of pages: 41 File Format: word File Code: 32309
Year: 2013 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Agricultural Engineering
Tags/Keywords: chrysanthemum - Chrysanthemum cut flowers - distilled water - flower - gerbera flower - Life after harvest - Magnetic water - rose - Rose cut flowers
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  • Summary of Comparison of the effect of distilled, deionized, magnetic and urban water on the flowering life of rose, gerbera and chrysanthemum cut flowers.

    Academic Thesis for Master Degree (M.Sc)

    Field: Horticulture            Major: Ornamental Plants

    Abstract

    In order to investigate the effect of different waters on the life after harvesting of cut flowers of rose, chrysanthemum and gerbera in a fully factorial design. Randomization was carried out in 3 repetitions with two factors: types of water (magnetic water, distilled water, deionized water and city water) and types of flowers (rose, chrysanthemum and gerbera). In this experiment, traits such as shelf life, water absorption, fresh weight loss, dry matter, carotenoid content, chlorophyll, petal protein, brix reduction, peroxidase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content were evaluated. The results showed that the interaction effect of the treatments was statistically significant in all the measured traits, and the longest seedling life was observed in urban water × chrysanthemum treatment with 15.5 days and magnetic water × chrysanthemum treatment with 14.8 days. Also, these treatments had the highest amount of petal protein, peroxidase enzyme activity, and average fresh weight on the first, third, sixth, and last day, as well as the lowest amount of malondialdehyde among the treatments.

    Key words: post-harvest life, magnetic water, rose, chrysanthemum, gerbera flower.

    Rose

    1-1-1-Botany and ecological distribution of rose

    Rose with the scientific name Rosa hybrida L. is from the Rosaceae family with a wide range of growth habits in Asia, North America, Africa and Europe, which is used for various purposes such as pots, open spaces, cut branches and so on. It is cultivated (Mortazavi et al., 2007). Rose bushes have straight or creeping stems, thorny or thornless, and alternate leaves with toothed and opposite leaflets (Banaiemohammadi et al., 1377). rtl;">Rose is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, which is always at the top of the global flower and plant business due to its variety and beauty (Memaran Kashani and Naderi, 1375). The export of cut flowers is more than 1.5 billion dollars, of which rose cut flowers are one of the most important. The cultivated area of ??roses in the whole world (2,600,000 hectares), in Holland (52,000 hectares) and its cultivated area in Iran (4,200 hectares) has been reported (Anonymous, 1389). rtl;">The longevity of roses is associated with petal wilting, falling or changing petals, and the appearance of neck bending syndrome (Yadama et al., 2003). The life after harvesting this flower is shortened due to the appearance of premature aging symptoms such as obstruction of the vascular system and ethylene gas. Obstruction of vessels by microorganisms and air in rose cut flowers causes the destruction of the vascular system and thus reduces the life after harvest. Ethylene hormone accelerates the physiological and biochemical changes associated with aging (Shahri and Taher, 2011; Omglason et al., 1975). Different species of plants show different sensitivity to ethylene, so that roses produce little ethylene gas, but show a high sensitivity to this aging hormone (Vandoorn, 2001; Algimabi and Ahmad, 2009). rtl;">1-2-1- Botany and ecological distribution of chrysanthemum

    Chrysanthemum, with the scientific name Denderanthema grandiflorun L., belongs to the family of Clappers [1], and its cultivation is common all over the world today (Nabigol et al., 2005; Khaleghi, 2010). Chrysanthemum has bisexual and self-pollinating flowers. Chrysanthemum has two standard flower forms (single flower and mostly used for cut flowers) and pompon (small complex flowers that are used in vases). The chrysanthemum genus has 160 species that are native to China, Japan, and Europe (Khoshkhovi, 2007; Shiravand and Rostami, 2008).

    In natural conditions, chrysanthemum flowers with the shortening of the day in autumn and winter, but today, many varieties of chrysanthemum are produced in greenhouses for various purposes throughout the year.

    In natural conditions, chrysanthemum blooms with the shortening of the day in autumn and winter, but today many cultivars of chrysanthemum are produced in greenhouses for various purposes throughout the year (Idrisi, 2008).

    1-2-2- Economic importance The area under chrysanthemum cultivation

    Chrysanthemum is one of the most important potted and cut flowers that are traded in the world markets.  Dawoodi has the second place in the world after rose in terms of economy and cultivation. This plant has many buyers in the world markets due to the variety of flower color and longevity (Nabigol et al., 2015; Khaliqi, 2016).

    In terms of cultivated area, Iran is considered one of the important chrysanthemum producing countries. The amount of chrysanthemum production in Iran is 158 million branches per year, of which the largest share of production is in Tehran province and the rest (about 6%) belongs to Central province (Anonymous, 1389). Due to the lack of sensitivity to ethylene, it is a long-lived cut flower. One of the major problems of this flower is blocking the vascular system and disrupting the water balance. Chrysanthemum is sensitive to the bacteria at the end of the stem, and this appears with early yellowing and wilting of leaves and petals, and ultimately causes vascular blockage, water stress and reduced shelf life of this cut flower (Nabigol et al., 2006). rtl;">Botany and ecological distribution of gerbera

    Gerbera with the scientific name Gerbera jamesonii is one of the most important cut flowers of the chicory family and native to South Africa (Etamadi and Shams, 2010). Botanically, gerbera is a perennial herbaceous plant with long leaves, very large sparse or dense flowers (Figure 1-1). The flowers have similar florets and each floret has 1 ovary and 5 stamens. The flowers can be seen in red, orange, pink, yellow and white colors (Khalighi, 2019; Sujata et al., 2003; Mahdavi, 2007). rtl;">Gerbera cut flowers are very popular in the world because of their diverse colors and shapes. This flower has taken the fourth place among the top ten flowers in the world (Hai et al., 2006; Safa et al., 2012). The gerbera flower is one of the most important cut flowers in Iran and the world in terms of production and consumption, and it is currently grown in 25 countries in the world, with an area of ??1200-1100 hectares under greenhouse cultivation. Fifty percent of the world's cultivated area is in the Netherlands and Italy. In 1379, the cultivated area of ??gerbera in Iran was reported to be 1516 hectares (Beynam, 1389).

    Factors effective in reducing the lifespan of gerbera cut flowers after harvesting

    Despite the increase in the production and demand of gerbera cut flowers, the durability of this flower due to premature wilting The petals and neck bend are very short. The loss of quality after harvest in most ornamental plants, including gerbera cut flowers, is the result of one or more factors, including wilting and falling of petals and stem bending. Wilting as a result of water stress, closing of the cutting section at the base of the stem, consumption and as a result lack of carbohydrates and the presence of microorganisms in the flower solution are the main reasons for the reduction of the life after harvesting of cut flowers, including gerbera. On average, the shelf life of gerbera cut flowers is reported to be 7-8 days (Mortazavi et al., 1386). There are many consumers, therefore, there should be solutions to increase the shelf life of these flowers that are low cost, easy to do, do not require a lot of expertise, can be done in all places, are not subject to a specific time and also meet our needs. In the current century, when the lack of water and food production have become particularly important in the world community, and the necessity of using water in the best possible way, scientists have been paying attention.

  • Contents & References of Comparison of the effect of distilled, deionized, magnetic and urban water on the flowering life of rose, gerbera and chrysanthemum cut flowers.

    List:

    Abstract

    Chapter One: Introduction

    1-1- Roses

    1-1-1- Botany and Ecological Distribution of Roses

    1-1-2- Economic Importance and Cultivated Area of ??Roses

    1-1-3- Effective Factors in Reducing Life After Harvesting Rose Cuts

    1-2- Chrysanthemum flower

    1-2-1- Botany and ecological distribution of chrysanthemum flower

    1-2-2- Economic importance and cultivated area of ??chrysanthemum flower

    1-2-3- Effective factors in reducing life after harvesting chrysanthemum cut flower

    1-3- Gerbera flower

    1-3-1- Botany and ecological distribution of Gerbera flower

    1-3-2- Economic importance and cultivated area of ??gerbera flower

    1-3-3- Effective factors in reducing life after harvesting gerbera cut flower

    1-4- Statement of the problem and purpose of the research

    Chapter two: Review of resources

    2-1- Flower durability conditions

    2-1-1- Water supply

    2-1-2- Vascular blockage

    2-1-2-1- Blockage of vessels by air

    2-1-2-2- Blockage of vessels by micro-organisms

    2-2- Treatment with compounds that prolong the flowering life of cut flowers

    2-2-1- Water

    2-2-2- Drinking water (city)

    2-2-3- Water Deionized

    2-2-4- Distilled water

    2-2-5- Magnetic water

    2-3- Research conducted in the field of the effect of different waters on the shelf life and quality characteristics of cut flowers

    Chapter three: Materials and methods

    3-1- Plant materials

    3-2- Implementation of the experimental plan

    3-3- Measurement and measurement of water elements

    3-4- How to prepare solutions and carry out treatments

    3-5- Evaluation of traits

    3-5-1- Life of the pot

    3-5-2- Dry matter

    3-5-3- The process of changes in water absorption

    3-5-4- The process of changes in wet weight

    3-5-5- Reduction Brix degree (percentage of sucrose in the stem)

    3-5-6- Petal carotenoid

    3-5-7- Measurement of chlorophyll a, b and total

    3-5-8- Petal protein

    3-5-9- Peroxidase enzyme activity

    3-5-10- Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde)

    3-6- Data analysis

    Chapter four: results and discussion

    4-1- Omer Goljaei

    4-2- Changes in water absorption on the third, sixth and last day

    4-3- Changes in wet weight on the first, third, sixth and last day

    4-4- Wet weight loss

    4-5- percentage of dry matter

    4-6- Brix degree reduction

    4-7- Petal carotenoid

    4-8- Chlorophyll b, a and total index

    4-9- Petal protein

    4-10- Peroxidase enzyme

    4-11- Malondialdehyde

    Discussion

    Final conclusion

    Suggestions

    Resources

     

    Source:

     

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Comparison of the effect of distilled, deionized, magnetic and urban water on the flowering life of rose, gerbera and chrysanthemum cut flowers.
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