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Design and implementation of induction motor drive controller

Number of pages: 106 File Format: word File Code: 32270
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Electrical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Alternating voltage - Controller implementation - Induction motor - inverter - Low voltage drives - Modulation - pulse width - Space vector modulation - SVM - Voltage harmonics
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  • Summary of Design and implementation of induction motor drive controller

    Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering - Power

    Abstract

    Today, pulse width modulation techniques are widely used to control the output voltage and current of AC/DC converters. Among these methods, space vector modulation (SVM) has received a lot of attention due to its simplicity and favorable properties in controlling three-phase inverters digitally. The limitation of this method is the complex and time-consuming calculations required to implement it in real time, which limits the maximum switching frequency and thus the bandwidth of the control system. This issue causes more limitations especially in the implementation of the SVM method in multi-level converters, which have more calculations compared to the two-level type. In other words, by increasing the number of output voltage levels, the hardware and software complexity of the method increases significantly. Therefore, providing an accurate and fast method to implement SVM in real time on multilevel converters improves the performance of such converters. The gain of the inverter can be defined as the ratio of the output alternating voltage to the direct input voltage.

    The waveform of the output voltage in the inverter in ideal inverters should be sinusoidal, however, in scientific inverters these waveforms are non-sinusoidal and have a series of specific harmonics. In medium power and low power applications, square or almost square voltages may be acceptable, but in high power applications, sine waves with very low distortion are needed. By having fast power semiconductor parts, it is possible to significantly reduce output voltage harmonics by using switching methods. Chapter 1- Introduction 1-1 Preface In the past, SCRs were used in high and medium power inverters. Twister inverters require switching circuits to turn off the SCR. Switching circuits increase the size and price of the inverter and reduce its reliability and switching frequency. Today, almost exclusively fully controlled semiconductor power switches are used, mainly IGBTs (in medium power inverters) and GTOs (in high power inverters).

    Inverters are widely used in industry (such as variable speed ac motor drives, induction heaters, auxiliary power supplies, and uninterruptible power supplies). The input to the inverter may be a battery. , coal cell, solar cell or any other direct source. The output of single-phase inverters is usually equal to (1) 120 volts at 60 Hz frequency, (2) 220 volts at 50 Hz frequency and (3) 115 volts at 400 Hz frequency. In high power three-phase systems, the usual outputs are 220/380 volts at 50 Hz frequency, (2) 120/208 V at a frequency of 60 Hz and (3) 115/200 V at a frequency of 400 Hz). Different inverters are used. In this section, we will briefly review these types.

    In general, in terms of the type of inverter power supply and the load that the inverter supplies, inverters can be divided into the following two groups:

    A- VSI voltage source inverters.

    B- Current source inverters CSI.

    Current source inverters are mostly used in the applications of drives of large industrial machines or in places where there is a question of high power. In these inverters, the DC input of the inverter is the current and the AC output is the sinusoid of that voltage. But the voltage source inverters are the opposite, that is, DC input is voltage and AC output is sinusoidal current. In both of these inverters, the power can be transmitted in both directions, that is, if the voltage and current are of the same sign, the system acts as an inverter, and if they have different signs, the system acts as a rectifier.

    1-3- Checking the work done

    1-3-1- Voltage inverters

    The conversion of dc to ac is realized with the help of inverters. The inverter is powered by a dc source, but the output voltage and current have large principal components with adjustable amplitude and frequency. Depending on the type, voltage inverters (VSIs) and current inverters (CSIs) are specified. In addition to rectifiers, voltage inverters are the most common power electronic converters. The dc input voltage to a voltage inverter is supplied from a rectifier, usually a diode-controlled rectifier, or from another dc source such as a battery (for example, in battery-powered vehicles). According to Figure 1, if a rectifier is used, the inverter, similar to the cutters, is fed through an LCdc interface, similar to the interface used in the cutter. The interface capacitor behaves like a practical voltage source, because the voltage at its two ends cannot have momentary changes. The main function of the inductor is to isolate the feeder rectifier and the power system from the high-frequency component of the inverter input current. Unlike a capacitor, the presence of an inductor is not inherently required. In fact, in some practical inverters, in order to reduce the size and price of the converter and prevent the reduction of the maximum available output voltage due to the voltage drop on both ends of the inductor, this inductor is removed

    Inverters can be made with any number of output phases. In practice, single-phase and three-phase inverters are used more. However, recently, the construction of ac motors with more than three phases has been proposed in order to increase the reliability in some special applications. Such motors are fed by suitable multi-phase inverters.

    1-1-1-induction motor drive

    Today, two-level inverters are widely used in variable speed drives with low voltage. However, multilevel power inverters have also been successfully used to start induction motors by medium and high voltage drive systems. Different topologies of multilevel inverters for medium and high voltage drives are reviewed in references [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] and [7]. The advantages of starting induction motors by drives with multi-level inverters include low device stress, less harmonic distortion of the output voltage, and high efficiency compared to two-level inverters. A maintained neutral point [1] in a three-level inverter for starting induction motors is shown in Figure (1-1), which is a structure proposed in reference [5] for high-efficiency drive systems. In the last three decades, extensive research activities have been carried out on the maintained neutral point in the three-level inverter. The comparative study of this topology with the two-level converter topology has shown that this topology can be used well in low voltage drives [8].

  • Contents & References of Design and implementation of induction motor drive controller

    List:

    List of tables

    List of figures

    Chapter 1- Introduction 13

    1-1- Preface 13

    1-2- History 13

    1-3-   Review of completed works 14

    1-3-1-     Inverter Voltage 14

    1-3-2- Induction motor drive. 15

    Chapter 2- An overview of the research done on drives 18

    2-1- Introduction 19

    2-2- Two-level inverter. 20

    2-3- Three-level inverter. 20

    2-4-    Modulation strategy for two-level inverter. 24

    2-5-     Modulation strategy for three-level inverter. 28

    2-6- Sinusoidal PWM based on carrier wave. 29

    2-7- Spatial vector modulation. 31

    2-8- Comparison of PWM based on carrier, with PWM based on space vector. 33

    Chapter 3- Induction motor drive modeling. 38

    3-1- Neutral point voltage control. 39

    3-2- Neutral point voltage control circuits. 39

    3-3- Neutral point voltage control using PWM method. 41

    3-3-1- Carrier based PWM method for neutral point current analysis. 42

    3-3-2-    PWM method based on space vector for neutral point current analysis. 45

    3-3-3- Neutral point voltage control. 49

    3-4-    PWM techniques and controllers with zero neutral point current. 54

    3-5-    PWM techniques with zero current at the neutral point. 54

    3-6- Neutral point voltage controller based on neutral point zero current PWM techniques. 58

    Chapter 4- SVM modulation. 60

    4-1- Introduction 60

    4-2- SVM theory: 63

    4-2-1- Vector analysis of three-phase inverter 66

    Chapter 5- Simulation of induction motor drive. 71

    5-1- Introduction 71

    5-2- SVPWM 71

    5-3- General principles of SVM two-level drive. 72

    5-4-    Implementation of two-level system. 77

    5-4-1-     Coding of abc to ab conversion block. 78

    5-4-2- Coding sector number block. 78

    5-4-3- Duty ratio block coding. 79

    5-4-4- Coding the switching block. 80

    5-5-    Results of two-level drive simulation. 86

    5-6- Implementing a three-level system. 95

    5-7-    Three-level drive simulation results. 96

    Chapter 6- Conclusion and suggestions. 103

    6-1-    Conclusion. 103

    6-2-    Proposals. 104

    List of references. 105

     

    Source:

     

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