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Design, simulation and construction of a new microstrip antenna with the ability to control multiple frequency bands

Number of pages: 103 File Format: word File Code: 32269
Year: 2012 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Electrical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: antenna - Dielectric constant - Dipole antennas - Microstrip antenna - Microstrip patch antennas - Multi-frequency band control
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  • Summary of Design, simulation and construction of a new microstrip antenna with the ability to control multiple frequency bands

    Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree in the field of telecommunication electricity (field)

    In this thesis, a microstrip patch antenna with very effective changes in the ground plane and its radiation part is studied to increase the efficiency, create various modes of frequency response and the possibility of controlling these modes. The changes applied to this antenna have created a new structure of microstrip antennas, which has a format similar to a microstrip patch antenna and a quasi-monopole function. The design of the structure presented in the first part is started from a microstrip patch antenna. The dimensions of the antenna are equal to 34 x 20 square mm. To achieve the desired results, the ground plane and radiation patch have been significantly modified. These changes in the first stage include applying a pair of U-shaped slots on the ground plane. For the first time, a pair of opposite U-shaped slits (their rules facing each other) are located in the plane of the Earth. These gaps play the role of an effective resonator whose resonance frequency is determined according to their position and dimensions. Then a slot with a composite shape is created on the radiation patch. Parametric simulation has been investigated on the influencing parameters to optimize the performance. Considering these corrections, two broad bands, 1.38-3.98 GHz and 5.15-15.2 GHz are covered. In the second part of the antenna design, a very small slot is added in a certain part of the ground plane. This slot plays the role of a switch in the antenna, so different frequency responses such as single-band or multi-band modes as well as narrow band or wide band can be achieved in the entire frequency band of 1.5-6 GHz. In this section, the location of the slot has been investigated and optimized for better performance. Chapter 1: Microstrip antennas, their definition and structure 1953 and the first practical antenna was built in 1970. Since then, extensive research has been done on various microstrip antennas. A microstrip antenna in its simplest configuration, as shown in Figure 1-1, consists of an insulator with a dielectric constant of less than 10 ( ) with a ground plane on one side and a radiation plane on the other side. The radiation conductor plate is generally made of gold and copper. This conductor can have different shapes, but usually shapes are used that are expected to perform well and can be analyzed easily. Different types of insulators have different dielectric constant and loss tangent. Ideally, in the antenna topic, the dielectric constant of the insulator should be less than 2.5 to increase the scattering and radiating fields [1]. Microstrips have several advantages over conventional microwave antennas, which has led to their use in a wide frequency range from 100 MHz to 100 GHz, some of these advantages are:

    1

    1) having low weight and volume and a thin plate structure

    2) the possibility of making very cheaply for mass production

    3) Simplicity of integrated manufacturing with MICs on a substrate

    4) Possibility of having linear or circular polarization with easy feeding methods

    5) Possibility of designing for dual frequency and dual polarization mode

    6) Feeding lines and networks matching simultaneously with The antenna structure is made.

    Despite having these advantages, microstrip antennas have the following disadvantages:

    1) narrow bandwidth and issues related to manufacturing errors

    2) lower gain

    3) high ohmic losses in the structure of feeding arrays

    4) Half-plane radiation

    5) Having a complex feeding structure for arrays

    6) Having poor polarization purity[1]

    7) Secondary radiation from feeding and connection points

    8) Exciting surface waves

    9) Weak power management capabilities

    Microstrip antennas have a narrow bandwidth of 1 to 5% in normal mode, which is the main limiting criterion for the applications of these antennas. Most efforts of researchers in this category have been spent on increasing the bandwidth of these antennas, and bandwidths up to 70% have been obtained [2] and [3]. are described These antennas have different types with their own characteristics and are used for various applications according to the desired specifications. All microstrip antennas are divided into four main categories:

    Microstrip patch antennas

    Microstrip dipole antennas

    Microstrip slot antennas

    Wave microstrip antennas

    1-3-1 Microstrip [2] patch antennas

    These antennas include a flat or non-flat patch that has a dielectric on one side and a ground plane on the other side of the dielectric. The thickness of the patch is generally considered. There are many sub-layers that are used to design microstrip antennas and their dielectric constants are usually in the range of 2.2 to 12. The height of the substrate is in these antennas. Low dielectric constants have high efficiency and more bandwidth, which of course is associated with the greater height of the substrate. Thin substrates with higher dielectric constants are desirable for microwave circuits because they require confined fields to minimize unwanted radiation, but will have lower bandwidth and efficiency. The patch has different shapes

    Abstract

    In this thesis, a new modified microstrip antenna with novel operation is presented to cover different frequency bands between 1.5 and 6 GHz. The total size of the antenna is 20x34 mm2. And so, dimension of proposed antenna is smaller than other previous prototypes.

    At first, antenna has a structure which is similar to microstrip patch antenna. To achieve different frequency response and excite the new resonances, two equal U-shaped slots, as two open slot resonators, are employed in two opposite sides of the horizontal middle line of the ground plane, like the mirror image, with special distance from each other. In the proposed case, a particular current path between two slots is generated, which can control the frequency response such as multiple and single bands as well as narrow and wide bands. In the next stage, simple rectangular patch is changed to ring patch and then a T-shaped stub is used inside the ring patch to generate the additional current paths on the patch. In this case, the new coupling paths between the modified patch and slotted ground plane can be achieved.

  • Contents & References of Design, simulation and construction of a new microstrip antenna with the ability to control multiple frequency bands

    List:

    Microstrip antennas, their definition and structure

    Definition of microstrip antenna 1.

    Advantages and disadvantages of microstrip antennas. 1

    Types of microstrip antennas. 2

    Microstrip patch antennas. 3

    Microstrip dipole antennas. 4

    Microstrip slot antennas. 4

    Waving microstrip antennas. 5

    Applications of microstrip antennas. 7

    Types of feeding methods for microstrip antennas. 8

    Microstrip line. 8

    Coaxial probe. 9

    Proximity coupling 10. Aperture coupling. 12. Waveguide feeding. 13. Microstrip antenna analysis methods. 13. Transmission line model. 14. Lip effects. 14. Effect of effective length on resonance frequency. 16. Microstrip antenna design. 17

    The housing model. 18

    B

    Arranging the fields (modes)-  19. Equivalent current density. 23. Important parameters in microstrip antenna performance evaluation. 27. Frequency bandwidth (impedance). 27. Radiation pattern. 28. Directivity and gain. 28. Input impedance in microstrip antenna. 29. Increasing bandwidth. Microstrip antennas. 30

    Chapter 2 introduction of printed microstrip and monopolar slot antennas

    Slot antennas..33

    Introduction of slot antennas. 33

    Feeding methods of microstrip slot antennas. 34

    Design of slot antenna fed with microstrip line. 36

    Broadbanding methods of microstrip slot antennas. 36

    Introduction of types of microstrip slot antennas. 37

    Square ring slot antenna. 37

    Circular ring slot antenna. 38

    Narrowing slot antenna. 39

    Monopole antenna. 47

    Conclusion .. 50

    T

    Chapter 3 Types of combined monopole-slot antennas (Monopole - Slot Antenna)

    Introduction .. 52

    First type antenna .. 53

    First structure: rectangular slot. 53

    Second structure: L-shaped slot with three different feeding modes. 54

    Third structure: T-shaped slot with horizontal feeding line. 57

    Fourth structure: two L-shaped slots with two vertical-diagonal combined feeding. 58

    Antenna of the second type..58

    Antenna of the third type. The fourth chapter of the quasi-monopolar microstrip antenna with two wide bands and the ability to control the frequency response. Abstract. 68. Introduction. 69. Antenna design and parametric study. 70. 4-3-1. Quasi-monopole microstrip antenna with two broad bands and frequency response control capability. 82 Chapter 5 General conclusion and suggestions for future studies 4-4 General conclusion 4-5 Suggestions for future studies 86 References 87

     

    Source:

     

    Ramesh Garg, Prakrash Bhartia, Inder Bahl, Apisak Ittipiboon, "Microstrip Antenna Design

    Handbook," Artech House, 2000

     

    James, J. R., and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, vol.1, London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1989.

     

    Lee, H. F., and W. Chen, Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

     

    James, J.R., and P.S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, peter peregrines, London, UK, 1989.

     

    Dubost, G., Flat Radiating Dipoles and Applications to Array, Research Studies Press, Newyork, 1981.

     

    Jianxin Liang, "Antenna study and design for ultra wideband communication applications," A thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, July 2006.

     

    C. A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory Analysis and Design," 2005, John Wiley & Sons, INC.

     

    Girish Kumar and K.P. Ray, "Broadband microstripRay, "Broadband microstrip antennas," 2003, ARTECH HOUSE, INC.

     

    R. Garg, P. Bahartia, I. Bahl and A. Itripiboon, "Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook," 2001.

     

    Menzel, W., and W. Grabeherr, "A Microstrip Patch Antenna with Coplanar Line Feed," IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Lett., vol.1, 1991, pp.340-342.

    Smith, R., and J.T.Williams, "Coplanar Waveguide Feed for Microstrip Patch Antennas, Electron.lett" vol.28, 1992.pp.2272-2274.

     

    F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Patch antennas with switchable slots (PASS) in wireless communications: concepts, designs and applications," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 13–29, Apr. 2005. 

    P. K. Agrawal and M. C. Bailey, "An Analysis Technique for Microstrip Antennas," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol.25, no.6, pp.756-759, November 1977.

     

    M. C. Bailey and M. D. Deshpande, "Integral Equation Formulation of Microstrip Antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol.30, no.4, pp.651-656, July 1982.

     

    87

    Y.T. Lo, D. Solomon, and W.F. Richards, "Theory and Experiments on Microstrip Antennas," IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat., vol.AP-27, no.2, pp.137-145, March 1979.

     

    K. R. Carver and J.W. Mink, "Microstrip Antenna Technology," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-29, no.1, pp.2-24, January 1981.

    R. J. Mailloux, J.F. McCllvenna, and N.P. Kernweis, "Microstrip Array Technology Antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. AP-29, no.1, pp.25-27, January 1981.

    Master's Thesis - Communication 2013, Urmia University, Asia Abyssinia

    W. F. Richards, "Microstrip Antennas," Chapter 10 in Antenna Handbook: Theory, Applications and Design (Y. T. Lo and S. W. Lee. eds.). Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1988.

     

    J. William and R. Nakkeeran,"CPW-Fed UWB Slot Antenna with Cross like Tuning Stub" IEEE conference, 2010.

     

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    Master's Thesis - Communication 1376 Urmia University, Reza Zakir

    K. Chung, S. Hong, and J. Choi, "Ultrawide-band printed monopole antenna with band-notch filters," IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.1, no.2, pp.518–522, Apr.2007.

     

    T. Edwards, "Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design," 2nd Ed. New York: Wiley, 1992.

     

    C. Y. Hong, C. W. Ling, I. Y. Tarn, and S. J. Chung, “Design of a planar ultrawideband antenna with a new band-notch structure,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.55, no.12, pp.3391–3396, Dec, 2007.

     

    J. Jung, W. Choi, and J. Choi, "A small wideband microstrip-fed monopole antenna," IEEE Microw. Wireless Comp. Lett., vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 703–705, Oct. 2005. Q. Wu, R. Jin, J. Geng, and M. Ding, "Printed omni-directional UWB monopole antenna with

    very compact size," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.56, no.3, pp.896-899, Mar.2008.

     

    K.L. Wong and Y. Chi, "Internal multiband printed folded slot antenna for mobile phone application," Microwave Opt Technol Lett, vol.49, no.8, pp.1833-1837, 2007.

    S.I. Latif, L. Shafai, andS. K. Sharma, "Bandwidth enhancement and size reduction of microstrip slot antennas," IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag., vol.53, no.3, pp.994–1003, Mar.2005.

     

    Ch. -I. Lin, K.-L. Wong, and Sh. -H. Yeh, "Printed Monopole Slot Antenna for Multiband

    88

    Operation in the Mobile Phone" IEEE Conference, 2007.

    Article by Morteza Rezaei, Javad Nourinia, Cengiz Ghobadi, "Design of a monopole slot antenna for use in mobile phone for GSM850/900/DCS/PCS/UMTS/WLAN2 bands.

Design, simulation and construction of a new microstrip antenna with the ability to control multiple frequency bands
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