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Tracking the maximum power point using online parameter detection for wind turbine with permanent magnet generator

Number of pages: 79 File Format: word File Code: 32230
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Biology - Environment
Tags/Keywords: power point - Synchronous generator - Synchronous permanent magnet - Tracking the maximum power point - Turbine - VSWT - Wind energy conversion - Wind turbines
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  • Summary of Tracking the maximum power point using online parameter detection for wind turbine with permanent magnet generator

    Master's Thesis of Electrical Engineering - Power

    Abstract

    Wind is a suitable and powerful source of energy. Power generation in a variable speed wind turbine is an interesting topic. Because in wind energy converter systems, maximum utilization can be achieved at any speed. But this system needs its parameters to calculate the optimal speed of the turbine. In this thesis, a control method for tracking the maximum power point in the wind energy converter system is presented, in which the online parameter identification is used with the least squares method. In our research, the wind energy converter system is based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The input of the control system is the difference between the desired speed of the generator and its actual speed. The optimal speed is the rotational speed at which the generator receives the maximum power from the wind turbine. It is also assumed that the radius of the turbine blades in the control system is not selected properly and it tends to its desired value during an online identification process. style="direction: rtl;">Chapter 1-Introduction

    1-1-Preface

    The use of fossil fuels and non-renewable sources of energy such as coal and oil has caused us to face the problem of air pollution in recent years. Today, wind energy conversion systems (WECS)[1] are considered as a suitable alternative to fossil fuels.

    For this reason, the sustainable and efficient use of wind energy and then the investigation of wind energy conversion systems have been studied as an important issue. These converter systems mainly include variable speed wind turbines (VSWT)[2]. Although wind turbine systems with variable speed are usually based on dual-fed induction generators (DFIGs) [3], the use of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) [4] has received attention in recent years [1-7]. Current wind energy converter systems with PMSG generally use an AC-DC-AC conversion system. In these systems, the WECS does not need to synchronize its rotational speed with the power grid frequency. In addition, due to the low rotation speed of PMSG, the turbine gearbox can be omitted. It is clearly established that for any given speed of the wind, there is a rotation speed related to the generator at which the wind turbine delivers the most power to the generator. This rotational speed is called the optimal speed. In variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs), maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is obtained by adjusting the rotating speed of the generator to the optimal speed. Windmills are coming back. The first windmills were completely different from the famous Dutch windmills, whose image is recorded in the minds of many of us. The number of blades of these mills reached 12 and the blades were hung from the top of a vertical pole, like the sails of a ship that hang from the mast and the horizontal arm of the mast. Perhaps the general shape of these mills can be compared with the carousels of today's amusement parks, whose main axis is installed in the center of a circle on the ground, and the chambers of the carousel are always at a fixed distance from the ground. This type of design for windmills may have been inspired by the sails of a ship, or the Asian Buddhist prayer wheels, which are powered by the wind. The use of wind energy has a long history and dates back to the 2nd century BC in ancient Iran. For the first time, the Iranians managed to use the power of the wind to turn the bucket (dolab) or well wheel and bring water from the wells to the surface of the fields. The first car that moved using wind power was Heron's windmill. But the first practical windmill was built in Sistan in the 7th century. The appearance of windmills in Europe dates back to the Middle Ages. The first recorded case of the use of windmills in England dates back to the 11th and 12th centuries.

    The first wind turbine used to generate electricity was a battery charging machine built in July 1887 by a Scottish engineer named James Blyth. A few months later, American inventor Charles Francis Brush built the first automatic wind turbine to generate electricity in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1908, 72 wind turbines (between 5 and 25 kilowatts) were operating in the United States. In the 1930s, small wind turbines were very common to generate electricity for farms in America, which had not yet established a nationwide electricity distribution system. In the fall of 1941, the first megawatt-class wind turbine was commissioned in Vermont. The first wind turbine connected to the electricity grid in Great Britain was built in 1951 in the Orkney Islands.

    In 2006, for the first time in the European Union, the growth of electricity production from new energies exceeded the growth of electricity production from fossil sources. From 1379 to 1386, the world's wind power production capacity has increased from 18,000 MW to 92,000 MW. Since 2000, this industry has grown by 25% annually and has doubled every three years, and this is despite the fact that the growth of the world economy does not exceed one to two percent per year [8]. In 2006, the share of electricity produced in Iran using wind energy was 45 megawatts (ranking 30th in the world), which showed a forty percent growth compared to 2005. In 2008, Manjil wind power plant (in Gilan province) and Binalud (in Razavi Khorasan province) had a capacity of 82 megawatts of electricity. Wind power capacity in Iran in 2009 was 130 megawatt hours.

  • Contents & References of Tracking the maximum power point using online parameter detection for wind turbine with permanent magnet generator

    List:

    List of tables d

    List of figures e

    Chapter 1- Introduction 1

    1-1- Preface 1

    1-2- History 2

    1-2-1- Wind turbine 2

    1-2-2-    Wind turbines in Iran. 3

    1-3- Review of the work done 4

    Chapter 2- An overview of the research done in the field of maximum power tracking in wind energy conversion systems 7

    1-2- Introduction 8

    2-2- New problems and obstacles. 9

    2-3- How does a wind turbine work? 10

    2-4- The main components of wind turbines. 12

    2-5- Types of generators used in wind power plants. 15

    2-6- Wind turbines with dual-feed induction generator (DFIG) 16

    2-7- Wind turbine dynamic model (DFIG) 17

    2-1- Peak speed ratio (TSR) control method. 19

    2-2- Optimal torque control. 20

    2-3- Power signal feedback control. 22

    2-4- Disturbance control and observation. 22

    2-5-       Fuzzy logic controller. 27

    6-2-         Hill Climb Searching (HCS) method. 30

    2-7- Using non-linear control methods without sensors. 34

    3-            Conclusion. 35

    Chapter 3- Mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). 36

    3-1-    Construction and mathematical model of PMSG. 37

    3-2- PMSG speed control. 40

    3-3- PMSG torque control. 41

    Chapter 4- Parameter identification. 43

    4-1- Introduction 43

    4-2- Definition of the least squares error problem 43

    4-2-1- Least squares error by Gauss-Newton (GN) method 45

    4-2-2-     Least square errors by Lewinberger-Marquardt (LM) method 48

    Chapter 5- MPPT control By using the optimal rotational speed. 49

    5-1- Introduction 49

    5-2- Configuration of the converter system. 49

    5-2-1- Wind turbine 50

    5-3- MPPT control using the optimal rotational speed. 51

    5-3-1- PMSG model 52

    5-4- Power conversion system configuration. 53

    5-5- The relationship between the radius of the turbine blades R, and the optimal rotational speed. 55-6-5 Using LM method to identify R (radius of turbine blades) 57- Chapter 6-Simulation 59-Chapter 7-Conclusions and suggestions. 67

    7-1-    Conclusion. 67

    7-2- Suggestions 67

    List of references. 69

     

    Source:

     

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    [3] Md. E. Haque, M. Negnevitsky, and K. M. Muttaqi, “A Novel Control Strategy for a Variable-Speed ??Wind Turbine With a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 46, no. 1,2010.

     

    [4]   W. Qiao, L. Qu, and R. G. Harley, "Control of TPM Synchronous Generator for Maximum Wind Power Generation Considering Magnetic Saturation," IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 1095-1105, May/June 2009.

     

    [5] S. M. Muyeen, R. Takahashi, T. Murata, and J. Tamura, "Integration of an Energy Capacitor System With a Variable-Speed ??Wind Generator," IEEE 7th Ann. on Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 3, 2009.

     

    [6] F. D. Kanellos and N. D. Hatziargyriou, "Control of Variable Speed ??Wind Turbines in Isolated Mode of Operation," IEEE 7)·ans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 23, no. 2, 2008. [7] K. S. M. Raza, H. Goto, H-J. Guo, and O. Ichinokura, "A Novel Algorithm for Fast and Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Proceedings of the InternationalIchinokura, "A Novel Algorithm for Fast and Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Machines 2008 (ICEMS 2008)), 6 pages, 6-9 Sept., Vilamoura, 2008.

    [8] Ahmad Y Hassan, Donald Routledge Hill. Islamic Technology: An illustrated history. Cambridge University Press, 54.1986.

    [9] Y. Izumi, A. Pratap, K. Uchid, A. Uehara, T. Senjyu, and A. Yon a, "A Control Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking of a PMSG-Based WECS using Online Parameter Identification of Wind Turbine". IEEE PEDS 2011, Singapore, 5 - 8 December 2011.

    [10] T. Senjyu, Y. Ochi, and A. Yona, "Parameter Identification of Wind Turbine for Maximum Power Point Tracking Control," Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems 2007, Oct. 8~11, Seoul, Korea.

    [11] EWEA, “Wind in power - 2009 european statistics,” February 2010.

    [12] Andreas Petersson “Analysis, Modeling and Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators for Wind Turbines” Department of Electric Power Engineering.

    [13] G. Lalor, A. Mullane, and M. O'Malley, "Frequency control and wind turbine technologies," IEEE Trans. Power System, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1905–1913, Nov. 2005.

    [14] Omid Alizadeh, Amirnaser Yazdani, "A Strategy for Real Power Control in a Direct-Drive

    PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 28, NO. 3, JULY 2013.

    [15] S. Morimoto, H. Nakayama, M. Sanada, and Y. Takeda, “Sensorless output maximization control for variable-speed wind generation system using IPMSG,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 60-67, Jan./Feb. 2005.

    [16] H. Geng, D. Xu, B. Wu, and G. Yang, “Active damping for PMSG-based WECS with DC-link current estimation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1110–1119, Apr. 2011.

    [6] Pucci , M and etal, "Neural MPPT of Variable-Pitch Wind Generators With Induction Machines in a Wide Wind Speed ??Range", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 49, no. 2, 2013.

    [17] B. Shen, B. Mwinyiwiwa, Y. Zhang and B.-T. Ooi "Sensorless maximum power point tracking of wind by DFIG using rotor position phase lock loop (PLL)", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 4, pp.942-951 2009 [18] Pucci, M. "Sensors-less neural maximum power point tracking control of induction machines wind generators by growing neural gas and minor component analysis EXIN + reduced order observer", IEEE Transaction on Control theory and Applications, Vol. 4, No.6, 2012. [19] Nayeem Rahmat Ullah "Wind Power – Added Value for Network Operation" Chalmers University Of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden 2008. [20] Nayeem Rahmat Ullah, Torbj?rn Thiringer, and Daniel Karlsson, "Temporary Primary Frequency Control Support by Variable Speed ??Wind Turbines Potential and Applications" IEEE Transactions On Power Systems, Vol. 23, No. 2, May 2008.

    [21] C. Krause. Analysis of electrical machinery. 2nd Edition. United States of America: Willey, 2002. [22] 1. L. Rodriguez, 1.C. Burgos and L. Amalte. Sistemas E6licos de Producci?n de Energia Electrica. Madrid: Editorial Rueda S.L, 2003. [23] I. Boldea. Synchronous generators. United States of America: Taylor and Francis, 2006. [24] Grenier, D., L.-A. Dessaint, O. Akhrif, Y. Bonnassieux, and B. LePioufle, "Experimental Nonlinear Torque Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Saliency," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 44, No. 5, October 1997, pp.680-687.

    [25] K. Matsuse, "Motor control engineering - Basic of variable-speed drive," Corona Publishing Co., Ltd, pp. 150, 2007 (in Japanese).

    [26] Gill, Philip E.; Murray, Walter. Algorithms for the solution of the nonlinear least-squares problem. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 15 (5): 977-992.1978.

    [27] Griva, Igor; Nash, Stephen; Sofer Ariela. Linear and Nonlinear Optimization. 2nd ed. Society for Industrial Mathematics. 2008.

Tracking the maximum power point using online parameter detection for wind turbine with permanent magnet generator
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