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  3. Ring-to-ring error detection of the stator winding of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors considering the effect of magnetic saturation

Ring-to-ring error detection of the stator winding of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors considering the effect of magnetic saturation

Number of pages: 91 File Format: word File Code: 32226
Year: 2011 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Electrical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Genetic algorithm - Induction motor - Loop-to-loop error - Magnetic saturation - Pendulum oscillation phenomenon - Ring to ring defect - Stator inductance - Stator winding
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  • Summary of Ring-to-ring error detection of the stator winding of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors considering the effect of magnetic saturation

    Dissertation of Master of Electrical Engineering - Power

    Abstract:

    Monitoring the condition of induction motors is an absolutely necessary and important technology to detect various defects at the initial stage. which can prevent the spread of unexpected defects in the initial stages. Approximately 30-40% of induction motor defects are related to stator defects. In this thesis, a comprehensive review of various induction motor defects, their causes, and different methods of modeling these defects has been done. In the following, various indicators for diagnosing the ring-to-stator coil connection fault are introduced and have been investigated and studied from different aspects.

    The main idea of ??this thesis is to simulate a faulty induction motor with a ring-to-stator coil connection fault by considering the effect of magnetic saturation, and to simulate a faulty three-phase induction motor with a ring-to-stator coil connection fault, with and without considering the effect of magnetic saturation has been done Then, different indicators of this type of defect are extracted and compared with practical results in both linear and saturation conditions. Also, in this thesis, a new index with more favorable features to identify the loop-to-loop fault of the stator winding has been introduced, and finally the most favorable index has been introduced among the existing indicators.

    Key words: loop-to-loop fault of the stator winding, induction motor, magnetic saturation, genetic algorithm, pendular oscillation phenomenon, stator inductance

    Introduction

    Induction motors have been widely used due to the simplicity and strength of the construction, cheapness, wide speed range and some other advantages. For this reason, it is very important to monitor the condition of these types of engines in order to identify errors in the early stages of their occurrence, especially in high powers. Therefore, detecting the ring connection error in the early stages of its occurrence can include the following advantages:

    Preventing major damage to the engine and its time-consuming and costly repairs.

    Preventing unexpected stoppage of the production line.

    Reducing losses.

    Achieving the above advantages requires timely knowledge of the severity and position (phase) of the motor ring connection error. This is usually possible by revealing some effects of the engine's behavior due to the occurrence of an error. The disadvantages of induction motors can be divided into three main groups: mechanical, rotor and stator. Each of these errors are rooted in different factors and have different effects on engine performance. Even some errors may be the origin of other errors.

    Mechanical errors are mainly caused by bearing errors [1 and 2]. Some of the factors causing bearing error are: improper or insufficient lubrication, heavy radial and axial stresses due to axis deviation and assembly, adjustment or poor foundation. These factors accelerate the wear and erosion of bearings. Usually, bearing errors also result in rotor and stator misalignment errors. The intensification of the recent error can lead to contact between the rotor and stator surfaces and create rotor and stator defects.

    Breaking of the rotor bars, breaking of the end ring of the rotor and types of misalignment (static, dynamic and composite) are among the rotor errors [3]. The main reasons for these errors are as follows:

    1. Thermal overload that can occur during acceleration, permanent operation or stopping the rotor.

    2. Thermal imbalance or temperature difference in the rotor rods, which results from repeated startups, skin phenomenon, non-uniform heat transfer of the core and rotor rods, and some other factors.

    3. Magnetic effects that lead to radial electrodynamic forces on the rods. These forces, which result from the mutual effect of the magnetic flux and the current of the rods, are proportional to the square of the current of the rods and cause vibration and bending of the rods along the radial direction, and may eventually lead to the breaking of the rotor rods.

    4.Inherent non-uniformity along the length of the air gap (inherent misalignment), which results from the non-ideality of the motor manufacturing and assembly technology, causes asymmetric magnetic tension on the adjacent surfaces of the rotor and stator. Because the rotor is subjected to larger traction forces on the side where the air gap is smaller. This causes the rotor to bend, aggravates the misalignment error, and finally leads to the collision of the rotor with the stator. As a result, the structure of the rotor and stator may be seriously damaged.

    5. Increasing the stresses on the rotor bars due to permanent or fluctuating overload over time can lead to breaking the rotor bars. 

    6. The increase in centrifugal forces as a result of increasing the speed of the motor to more than the nominal speed can lead to tension in the end rings and break the connection between the rotor bars and the end rings.

    The stator of the induction motors, like the bearings and the rotor, can fail under the influence of various factors [3]. Five types of faults have been reported for the stator windings, all of which are rooted in the failure of the insulation of the windings [4] These faults are: 1. Loop-to-loop fault in a coil where two points of one or more loops of a coil are connected to each other (loop connection fault). 2. Coil-to-loop fault A coil in one phase where a point of one coil is connected to a point of another coil of the same phase winding.

    3. A phase-to-phase fault in which a point of the coil of one phase is connected to a point of the coil of another phase.

    4. An open circuit fault in which due to a wire break, a The phase or part of a phase of the circuit is opened.

    5. Coil to ground fault where a point of the coil of one phase is connected to the ground (body).

    Abstract

    Condition monitoring of induction motors is a very necessary and important technology to detect the various faults in the primary step. That can prevent unexpected faults from spreading in the primary steps. Almost 30 to 40% of the induction motors faults are the stator faults. In this thesis a comprehensive review of various faults of induction motor, arisen reasons and different methods of modeling these faults has been made. In continuation, different indexes for detecting the turn to turn fault in the stator winding introduced and have been studied from various aspects.

    The main idea of ??this thesis is to simulate a faulty induction motor with the stator winding turn to turn fault by considering the effect of magnetic saturation, and the simulation of the faulty three-phase induction motor with turn to turn fault of the stator winding, with and without considering the effect of magnetic saturation have been done. Then the various indexes of this kind of fault extracted and in both linear and saturated conditions have been compared with experimental results. In addition, in this thesis a new index with better features to detect the stator winding turn to turn fault have been introduced and ultimately, the most desirable index among the available indexes has been introduced.

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    List:

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Ring-to-ring error detection of the stator winding of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors considering the effect of magnetic saturation
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