Contents & References of Investigating the impact of operating debt leverage on the future return on equity of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
List:
Abstract: 1
Introduction: 2
Chapter One: General Research
1-1 Introduction. 4
2-1 Study history. 5
3-1 Statement of the research problem. 6
4-1 Importance and necessity of research. 6
5-1 research objectives. 7
6-1 research assumptions. 8
7-1 Scope of research. 8
8-1 Definition of specialized research terms. 9
Chapter Two: Review of Research Literature
1-2 Introduction. 11
2-2 stock market. 12
3-2 The main reasons for financing companies. 12
4-2 Financing methods. 13
1-4-2 Short-term financing. 13
2-4-2 Long-term financing. 13
5-2 Financing from operating debts. 14
1-5-2 contractual operating liabilities. 15
1-1-5-2 Commercial Credits (Commercial Accounts Payable) 15
1-1-1-5-2 Cost of Commercial Credits. 15
2-1-1-5-2 The cost of not using the discount. 16
3-1-1-5-2 Delay in payment. 16
4-1-1-5-2 Commercial credit as a means of financing. 16
2-1-5-2 Payable documents. 17
3-1-5-2 Other payable accounts and documents. 17
4-1-5-2 before receiving from customers. 17
2-5-2 Estimated operating liabilities (reserves) 18
1-2-5-2 Reserve for deferred expenses. 19
2-2-5-2 tax reserve. 19
3-2-5-2 Save employee termination benefits. 19
6-2 Financing from financial debts. 20
1-6-2 Short-term financial liabilities. 20
1-1-6-2 Commercial bonds (short-term scrap bonds) 21
1-1-1-6-2 Commercial bonds as one of the financing tools. 21
2-1-6-2 Short-term bank loans. 22
3-1-6-2 Pledge of accounts receivable. 22
4-1-6-2 Pledge of goods inventory. 23
2-6-2 medium-term and long-term financial liabilities. 23
1-2-6-2 Long-term bank loans. 24
2-2-6-2 loans from insurance companies and other credit institutions. 24
3-2-6-2 Equipment financing. 24
4-2-6-2 mortgage debts. 24
5-2-6-2 Bonds. 25
1-5-2-6-2 types of bonds. 25
6-2-6-2 Advantages and disadvantages of financing through long-term debt. 26
7-2 Description of return and its types. 28
1-7-2 Share returns. 28
2-7-2 Expected return of a share. 30
3-7-2 return on equity or equity. 30
4-7-2 Asset return. 31
5-7-2 Investment returns. 31
8-2 Financing opinions and theories. 32
1-8-2 Traditional theory. 32
2-8-2 Modigliani and Miller theory. 33
3-8-2 Tax and theory of Modigliani and Miller. 34
4-8-2 Bankruptcy costs and Modigliani and Miller's theory. 34
5-8-2 agency fees. 34
6-8-2 Theory of static or stable balance. 35
7-8-2 Information asymmetry theory. 36
8-8-2 The theory of the hierarchy of financing options (preferred theory) 37
9-2 A brief overview of studies and research. 39
1-9-2 A brief overview of foreign studies. 40
2-9-2 A brief overview of domestic studies. 42
Chapter 3: Research Implementation Method
1-3 Introduction. 47
2-3 research methods. 47
3-3 research variables. 48
1-3-3 independent variable. 48
2-3-3 dependent variable. 48
3-3-3 control variable. 49
4-3 conceptual model of research. 50
5-3 research objectives. 50
6-3 research assumptions. 51
7-3 Statistical population and research sample. 52
8-3 The method of collecting information. 52
3-9 Data analysis method: 53
3-10 descriptive statistics. 53
11-3 The necessary regression tests are presented in the following three sections: 53
3-12 Regression of research assumptions is as follows: 56
3-13 Introduction of Eviews software 57
14-3 Types of data. 57
3-15-3 time series composite data model (panel) 58
3-16 types of models used in composite data. 58
3-17 Regression analysis. 59
18-3 Classical assumptions. 60
Chapter Four: Data Analysis
1-4 Introduction. 64
2-4 descriptive statistics. 64
3-4 testing research hypotheses. 66
1-3-4 collinearity test between variables and data normality. 66
2-3-4 checking the heterogeneity of variance.67
3-3-4 Checking of autocorrelation. 68
4-3-4 F test and Hausman test. 68
5-3-4 regression analysis (hypothesis testing process) 69
1-5-3-4 main hypothesis testing. 71
2-5-3-4 test of secondary hypotheses. 72
1-2-5-3-4 test of the first sub-hypothesis: 72
2-2-5-3-4 test of the second sub-hypothesis: 72
3-2-5-3-4 test of the third sub-hypothesis: 73
4-2-5-3-4 test of the fourth sub-hypothesis: 73
4-4 output equation of the research model. 74
Chapter Five: Conclusion and Suggestions
5-1 Introduction. 76
2-5 Evaluating and explaining the results of hypothesis testing. 76
1-2-5 main hypothesis. 76
2-2-5 The first sub-hypothesis. 77
3-2-5 Second sub-hypothesis. 77
4-2-5 The third sub-hypothesis. 78
5-2-5 The fourth sub-hypothesis. 78
3-5 general conclusions of the research. 78
4-5 suggestions based on research findings. 80
5-5 Suggestions for future research. 80
6-5 research limitations. 80
Attachments
Software output. 83
Sources and sources
Persian sources: 88
Latin sources: 91
Latin summary. 93
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