Abstract:
Today, economic development is based on access to financial resources for investment. This is while the decision of different groups regarding investment, in turn, depends on the existence of a suitable information system. Iran's accounting standards are of great help in disclosing information for correct and informed decisions of different groups, especially investors. In any case, the information that is important for investors and others should be presented in a good way to be useful in their decision making. The hypothesis of this research is as follows: Iran's accounting standards have an effect on the qualitative characteristics of information in the financial statements of listed companies.
In this research, the accredited auditors of the Securities Exchange Organization and the faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Panj region were included in the statistical population, and the effect of Iranian accounting standards on the qualitative characteristics of information in the financial statements of Tehran's listed companies was questioned and examined in the form of a questionnaire, and in this research, simple random sampling (SRS) was used. The statistical methods based on this The questionnaire was done, the statistics were inferential, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-sample t-Student tests were used. The results of this research were in line with the proposed hypotheses as follows: Iran's accounting standards have a high impact on the relevance, comparability and comprehensibility of information in financial statements, and a low impact on the reliability feature. In order to investigate the impact of Iran's accounting standards on each of the qualitative features, analysis of variance was used on the four indicators of relevance, comparability, reliability and comprehensibility of information. For this purpose, using the binary comparison test of the means, the binary categories were compared with each other and the first rank of this influence was obtained by the feature of relevance.
1- Introduction:
Today, economic development is based on access to financial resources for investment. This is while the decision of investors regarding investment, in turn, depends on the existence of a suitable information system.
Accounting is an information system. This information system, as a subset of management information systems, is responsible for processing financial data. Although the user of the majority of the products of this information system is the management of an economic unit, the management provides different information to users outside the economic units based on the duties and responsibilities it has towards different groups of financial users of the economic units. Annual financial reports are one of the most important products of accounting information systems, which are presented in a specific framework for various groups of external users of financial information.
Since investors and creditors are the two main groups of external financial information organizations, and providing relevant information for these two groups is one of the main missions of management and accounting systems, therefore, the decisions of investors and creditors and their use of information are extensive. It is much more than other foreign groups, and for this reason, their decisions have major effects on the allocation of economic resources of a country, and special attention to the type of information needs of these people is necessary. Therefore, according to Iran's accounting standards, financial reporting should provide information that is useful for investors and actual and potential creditors and other users in making investment and credit decisions and other similar decisions.
Therefore, accounting standards in this regard require the preparation and adjustment of financial statements in such a way that, on the one hand, it provides the possibility of making informed decisions by observing the qualitative characteristics of accounting information for users, and on the other hand, it does not mislead them.The quality features in this regard are as follows:
Two features that make the content of accounting information useful are relevance and reliability. These two features are called primary qualities. Financial accounting standards board, the decisions of investors and creditors and their use of information have a much wider range than other external groups, and for this reason their decisions have major effects on the allocation of economic resources of a country. Since investors and creditors are the two main external groups of financial information, and providing relevant information for these two groups is one of the main missions of management and accounting systems, therefore, special attention to the type of information needs in the framework of the qualitative characteristics of information for these people is necessary. Considering that the aforementioned users consider financial reports as one of the main sources of financial information about economic units as a decision-making criterion, therefore, financial reporting based on the opinions of financial accounting standards should provide information that is useful for investors and actual and potential creditors and other users in investment decisions and granting credit and other similar decisions. (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 1978, p. 30)
Therefore, the accounting standards in this regard require the preparation and regulation of financial statements in such a way that on the one hand, it provides the possibility of making informed decisions by observing the qualitative characteristics of accounting information for the users, and on the other hand, it does not mislead them. The qualitative features in this regard are as follows:
Two features that make the content of accounting information useful are relevance and reliability (trust). These two features are called primary qualities.
Relevance means that the information has the ability to make a difference in the decision. be biased and be honest in presenting what it claims to present.
The two rules that are used for the usefulness of providing information and we refer to them as secondary features are:
1 - comparability enables users to compare several companies with each other.
2 - comprehensibility of information that be easily understood by users.
In this research, an attempt was made to give a correct and logical answer to the following questions:
Do Iranian accounting standards affect the quality of relevance in financial statements?
Do Iranian accounting standards affect the quality of comparability in financial statements?
Do Iranian accounting standards have an effect on the qualitative characteristic of reliability in financial statements?
Do Iranian accounting standards affect the qualitative characteristic of comprehensibility in financial statements?
And finally, we will examine the effect of Iranian accounting standards on the qualitative characteristics of information in financial statements.
Abstract:
Today, economic expansion is based on access to financial resources for investment. Meanwhile, the decision of various groups for investing in turn depends on an appropriate information system. Iran accounting standards promotes accurate and informed decisions on the disclosure of information for different groups of people, especially investors. However, information that is important for investors and others should be provided appropriately as far as being useful in their decision. The research hypothesis is as follows: Iran accounting standards effect on information quality characteristics in the financial statements of stock companies.