Short-term load forecasting of Mazandaran province using expert systems

Number of pages: 99 File Format: word File Code: 32197
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Electrical Engineering
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  • Summary of Short-term load forecasting of Mazandaran province using expert systems

    Thesis

    Master's course

    Abstract:

    Short-term load forecasting, in the form of load forecasting for one hour to several days, has a significant impact on the operation of power systems. Because many energy management measures, such as setting a cost-effective program to use existing power plants, planning the purchase of fuel required by power plants, entering and exiting units, developing transmission lines and trans-distribution networks, as well as the amount of blackouts in case of shortage, are done based on this forecast.

    In this project, a variety of forecasting models including time series model, regression, final consumption and neural network have been investigated. Considering that the usual load forecasting in Mazandaran distribution company has been using traditional methods and since this method was not able to accurately predict the load of future days and specific days, the fuzzy method has been investigated to achieve the desired model. In this regard, he first mentioned the description of the fuzzy logic and the method of implementing the program in the environment of the article, and then using the information of the past years and the consumption chart and taking into account the impact of environmental factors, the short-term load of Mazandaran province has been predicted. The use of fuzzy logic method has resulted in increasing the accuracy and speed of forecasting, solving the problem of forecasting the load of certain days, reducing the size of the database along with increasing the influence of various factors.

    The importance of load forecasting in power systems

    Electricity industry is considered one of the infrastructure industries of a country and a very important pillar in the growth and development of today's societies. Considering that, on the one hand, electricity industry projects require large investments and long periods of time, and on the other hand, with the existing technology, it is still not possible to store this energy on a large scale. Therefore, production planning should be done in such a way that it meets the demand of electrical energy. Therefore, load forecasting is considered as an important factor in the development and operation of power systems, and in fact, it is a tool that can be used to improve decision-making. Estimating the process of resource allocation is necessary for the development of the electricity supply network.

    In planning the future development of a power system, load estimation is very important and forms the basis of planning studies. The amount of load forecasting errors is of particular importance.

    Difficulties in making decisions in this matter increase when with a limited budget and the goal of minimizing costs on the one hand and the pressure of experts and engineers of the power sector to purchase advanced equipment. Expensive on the other hand, as well as excessive expansion in the use of electrical energy. If the amount of predicted load is less than the actual load, the reliability factor and as a result the quality of service will decrease and this may even lead to forced shutdowns. To some extent, this issue makes the work of those responsible for analyzing the reliability of the system difficult, and on the other hand, if the future load is predicted before the required amount, a lot of investment will be wasted and lead to financial need.

    The impossibility of storing electric energy on the one hand, as well as spending huge economic costs to create new power plants, on the other hand, has pushed the general policies of electric energy production to a new direction in relation to electric energy management. The fact is that electric energy consumption is not constant and always fluctuates as a non-linear function of various time, environmental, economic parameters. The changes in electric load consumption have required electricity producing companies to predict the information needed for better energy management in power systems in different schedules [9] and [13]. As economic, social, and political motivations, the management of the electricity industry inevitably underwent transformation, which is called the restructuring of the electricity industry.In the traditional environment, the systems of production, transmission and distribution of electric energy are exclusively under the control of the government or a monopoly institution that has the task of monitoring the monopoly market and even monopoly prices. In unstructured power systems, consumers were unique distribution companies that received energy in bulk and according to specific rules from exclusive producers. These consumers received their energy only under the prices predetermined by the system operator, and the producers produced the energy required by the power grid only under the prices determined by the system operator under the traditional quantitative tariffs. In this type of economy, network losses are very high, so a lot of money was wasted.

    With the start of the restructuring of the electricity industry and the entry of competitive electric energy markets, the production, transmission and distribution parts were mostly assigned to private parties. The markets have been removed from the monopoly of the government and operate independently as well as in coordination with the independent market operator.

    In the distribution sector, by providing the basis for the participation of the private sector and the construction of power plants by domestic and foreign investors, as well as handing over the existing installed capacities and providing the basis for competition by increasing the producers, an attempt has been made to replace the competitive environment instead of monopoly conditions, which has been successful in many countries.

    The transmission sector Due to its nature and the fact that two or more parallel networks cannot be established side by side to compete for electricity transmission, it is still administered almost exclusively and remains under the name of the national network. In the distribution sector, all activities from the point of receiving electricity from the transmission network to delivery to the final consumer are exclusive. They remain in the possession of the government or in some countries have been assigned to the private sector with different implementation approaches. It is done by retail companies. Since this sector has different conditions from the transmission and distribution sectors, the activities of this sector do not have exclusive activities, and therefore, retail companies can compete with each other for customer satisfaction at the same time, which will lead to quality improvement and cost reduction. Therefore, handing over these matters to the private sector and creating a suitable environment for making this sector competitive has brought significant results. In the electricity economy, electricity producing companies are obliged to provide their consumers with high reliability, high quality, and reasonable prices, taking into account the limitations of environmental protection, with other partners in interconnected systems, and taking into account limitations such as the power and type of existing power plants, the amount of fuel storage required by the power plants. heat, feed the amount of water in the reservoirs for the use of hydropower plants, etc.

    In order to achieve these goals, on the one hand, the equipment for power plants and transmission and distribution networks should be optimally used and exploited (minimum long-term investment) and on the other hand, the primary energies available for electricity production (types of fuels and water, etc.) should be optimally consumed [12].

    1-1-1) Investigating the importance of forecasting the technical load

    The necessity of short-term forecasting from a technical point of view can be summarized as follows:

    1- Setting the program to use the existing power plants, so that as much as possible, steam from the power plants as the base load and the power plants Abhi used gas power plants to control the frequency and solve the lack of production during peak hours.

  • Contents & References of Short-term load forecasting of Mazandaran province using expert systems

    List:

     

    1-1) The importance of power system load forecasting. 5

    1-1-1) Examining the importance of load forecasting from a technical point of view. 5

    1-1-2) Examining the importance of load forecasting from an economic point of view. 6

    1-2) Solutions..8

    1-3) Load forecasting from the perspective of time periods. Duration. 10

    1-3-3) Short-term planning. 10

    1-3-4) Momentary planning / a few minutes to a few hours. 10

    1-4) Effective factors in predicting electric load. 11

    1-4-1) Climatic factors.. 12

    1-4-2) Economic factors.. 12

    1-4-3) The effect of time on consumption. 12

    - Summary and conclusion. 12. Chapter Two: Modeling Methods 2-1) Prediction. 16. Title Page 2-2) Prediction Accuracy. 16. 2-3) Measurement Error in Prediction. 17

    2-4) Forecasting methods. 17

    2-4-1) Time series method..18

    2-4-2) Regression method.. 26

    2-4-3) Load forecasting using independent statistics. 27

    2-4-4) Final consumption method

       28

    2-4-5) land use method.29

    2-4-6) neural method..30

    2-5) short-term forecasting of Mazandaran province using regression method.38

    2-5-1) fitting the regression model in the SAS environment.38

    2-5-2) analysis of the results of the regression model.41

    - Summary and conclusion.   44

     

     

    Chapter 3: Fuzzy modeling

    3-1) Necessity of using fuzzy expert system for load forecasting. 47

    3-2) Membership functions.. 49

    3-3) Design steps of a fuzzy system.  .52

    Title

     

    3-4) Application of MATLAB software. 55

    3-4-1) Membership function editor (The Membership function editor). 59

    3-4-2) The Rule editor. 63

    3-4-3) The Rule viewer. 64

    3-4-4) The surface viewer. 65

    Chapter 4: Fuzzy model design for short-term load forecasting in Mazandaran province

    4-1) Fuzzy model design for short-term load forecasting. 68

    4-1-1) Specifying inputs, outputs and the method used for de-fuzzification. 68

    4-1-2) Determining fuzzy sets and membership function for inputs and outputs. 70

    4-1-3) Branching rules by recognizing fuzzy sets. 76

    4-1-4) Validation and Revision of rules. 81

    Chapter five: conclusions and suggestions

    Conclusion. Sh., "The use of fuzzy systems in short-term forecasting of electric load on certain working days and holidays". 8th Intelligent Systems Conference, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Shahrivar 86

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  • Short-term load forecasting of Mazandaran province using expert systems