Utilization of integrated energy systems considering electric machines

Dissertation for Master's Degree in Electricity

Power Orientation

Abstract:

In the past, the structure of energy production and consumption systems such as electricity and natural gas were independent of each other. But due to the ever-increasing growth of energy consumption and the development of control systems and the need for coordination between energy production and consumption, the producers were forced to develop new production systems. In these systems, different energy carriers are used instead of focusing on a specific carrier to produce all kinds of usable energy. In addition to the progress that has been made in the field of power generation, there have been many changes in the amount and method of energy consumption on the side of consumers. One of these changes is the appearance of electric cars in the energy consumption cycle. The progress and development of these types of cars in recent years has attracted the attention of many countries for various reasons, including the increase in air pollution. Therefore, before the entry of these new players in the field of energy consumption, it is inevitable to examine the effects of these types of cars on the state of the new energy market. In addition to this, new energies are also presented as another way to increase economic efficiency in this article.

Key words:

Integrated energy systems, energy carriers, heat and electricity converters, optimization of energy consumption, electric machines, solar energy

5-5 Introduction

The ever-increasing increase in electrical and thermal loads and the decrease in non-renewable energy sources such as coal, oil and gas will put humanity in the throes of an energy crisis. A crisis that may lead to bloody wars in order to obtain new sources of energy. As can be seen from history, early tribes destroyed each other to discover new sources of food, and this is what Darwin referred to as the survival of the fittest. Today, these tribes are referred to as wild tribes that have not smelled civilization, unaware that the killings that take place in the present time in order to obtain the energy resources of the homeless countries are many times more and more brutal than the prehistoric tribes. Today, the survival of the generation seeks to achieve more advanced technology and more optimal use of existing energy resources. Therefore, the societies that can adapt to the new conditions of energy production and consumption before the arrival of the energy ice age, will be immune from extinction. This important thing will be realized when new consumption and production solutions can be known. One of these solutions is the use of renewable energy sources such as wind and sun. is But the lack of reliability and the lack of stability of these energy sources during the hours of the day and night forced engineers to find a new and efficient way to use these sources, in a way that both increases the reliability of these sources and uses them in the most optimal way possible. Many efforts and studies of the last few years brought a new concept to the field of energy competition. Hub Energy is one of the new ways to optimize energy consumption, which can be used to increase productivity, increase reliability, combine different energy sources (fossil and renewable), reduce environmental pollutants, and reduce peak load. In this method, instead of focusing on one energy carrier (electricity for example), several energy carriers (electricity, gas and local heat) are used as input. Inside the hub, there are converters such as a simultaneous combination of heat and electricity (CHP), transformer, gas furnaces and storages, which convert and combine these energy sources in a way that can meet the demand of the desired load in the most optimal way possible. For example, a gas furnace is a converter that can produce both heat and electricity at the same time [1]. Hub Energy is designed and operated in such a way that it has the highest efficiency for both consumers and producers. On the consumer's side, reducing consumption costs and increasing reliability, and on the producer's side, increasing profits, reducing peak loads, smoothing the shape of loads, better service quality, etc. [2]

Another thing that will help to reduce peak load and also reduce CO2 emissions is the widespread use of electric and hybrid cars. Due to the nature of electric cars that both consume and store electric power, in the hours of the day and night when we face a sudden increase in consumption and the load chart reaches its highest level, the energy stored in the battery of these cars can be used to inject into the network and help to reduce the peak load to a great extent. [3]

In this thesis, we will first introduce the energy hub, we will know its applications in small and large scales, we will examine the different types of input energy carriers. We will take a quick look inside the hub. We study the types of converters inside the hub. We check the storage inside the hub. We will show how to convert the power inside the hub. We will make good use of electric cars on the cargo side. In this thesis, we are looking for the issue of how and with what methods the final cost of production can be reduced, and also will these methods affect the smoothing of peak power consumption? In order to find this answer, we first check the desired hub without considering the storage devices. In this case, we consider the peak power diagram and the total cost of power generation. In the next scenario, we will enter the storage devices (electric cars in this thesis) into the sample hub. We will compare the answers obtained in this part with the previous one. In the last scenario, we will enter the new energies into the equations and check the results obtained for the peak load as well as how to optimize the cost of the total power. We will explore the effect of increasing the number of electric cars on the consumer side on the total cost of production. We simulate the effects of using new energies (solar energy) on the peak graph and also the total cost of production. We examine the effect of the simultaneous use of new energies and electric machines on the total cost of power generation. Games software has been used to simulate all cases. The solution method is integer nonlinear programming (minlp).

In the next chapter, integrated energy systems are introduced. In the third chapter, a number of works done in the field of hub energy and electric machines have been reviewed. In the fourth chapter, the modeling of such systems is presented and the mathematical relationships related to integrated energy systems and storage systems are stated. In chapter 5, the numerical results obtained from the simulation of such modeling are presented, and finally, in the last chapter, the conclusion and suggestions of the author of this research are given. But given the growing consumption of energy and the development of control systems and the need for coordination between the production and consumption of energy, manufacturers have had to develop new production systems. The system consists of different energy carriers rather than focusing on a specific carrier used for the production of energy consumption. In addition to the progress that has been made in the field of power generation in the consumer as well as changes in the amount and how much energy has been done. One of these changes is the emergence of electric vehicles to the energy cycle. Development of these types of vehicles in recent years for reasons including increased air pollution has been the focus of many countries. Therefore, prior to the arrival of new players in the field of energy, the effect of new energy cars on the market is inevitable.