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Designing a robust controller in power electronic cutters and comparing it with linear control methods

Number of pages: 129 File Format: word File Code: 32137
Year: 2014 University Degree: Master's degree Category: Electrical Engineering
Tags/Keywords: Controller design - cutter - DC - DC to DC converters - Dynamic response - Linear control methods - permanent state - power converter - Sliding mode control - sliding plate - Switching power supply
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  • Summary of Designing a robust controller in power electronic cutters and comparing it with linear control methods

    Dissertation for obtaining a master's degree (. M.Sc)

    Electrical-Power Engineering

    Abstract

    In this thesis, the design of a robust controller in power electronic circuit breakers and its comparison with linear control methods are investigated. The main goal of research and development in this field is always to find the most suitable control method in order to implement closed loop control on different topologies of power electronic cutters. In other words, the purpose of choosing a control method is to improve the efficiency of the converter, reduce the impact of disturbances (line and load changes), reduce the effects of electromagnetic interference, and also be less affected by changes in the elements of the converter. In this thesis, the study of different control methods implemented on switching power supplies such as linear control and sliding mode is given. Advantages and disadvantages of each control method are also given. In this regard, linear and sliding mode control methods have been selected and their responses have been tested on step-down DC to DC converters. Matlab software is used to simulate the linear control method as well as the sliding mode method in power electronic circuit breakers. In the end, the comparison of the effects of linear control and sliding mode on the steady state response of buck converter under linear fluctuations, load fluctuations and changes of different parts has been done.  In this thesis, it is shown that, compared to linear control, the sliding mode method provides better steady state response, better dynamic response and more resistance to possible system disturbances.

    Key words: DC to DC power converter, variable structure system, sliding mode control, sliding plate, dynamic response and steady state

    Introduction

    Switching power supplies (SMPS[1]) are needed to convert electrical energy from one type to another. SMPS are widely used in DC to DC converters, where the input source is a voltage (for example, in a rectified linear voltage, the output voltage of a power factor correction circuit (PFC [2]), a battery, or the voltage of a fuel cell).

    In some power converters, DC to DC converters operate at relatively high switching frequencies, and this feature enables them to use inductive components. makes it smaller, which improves the dynamic behavior and also reduces the size of the converter.

    Unlike the advantages mentioned above for SMPS, there are parameters that are not very favorable and have a great impact on the behavior of converters, which mainly include:

    Non-linear components in the converter structure;

    Line and load fluctuations

    Electromagnetic interference ([3]EMI).

    The DC to DC converter has non-linear parts (diode, transistor, etc.) The factor that changes the non-linearity is the disturbance of the converter and the other is the change in time. The effects of these changes in the parameters of the converter are given in [6].

    To design the DC to DC converter, nominal input voltage and load values ??are predicted. In practice, these nominal values ??may have a slight deviation. For example, 20% change (oscillation) of the line is expected, or the nominal load may deviate towards no load or full load. These cases are studied in [1], [2], [3], [4] and [6].

    The purpose of studying electromagnetic interference (EMI) is to make sure that the electronic system can operate in an electromagnetic environment, without responding to electrical noise or unwanted electrical interference. For example, in a DC-to-DC power supply, EMI affects the converter components. The effects of EMI on the DC to DC converter have been studied in reference [7]. 

    The above may cause the converter to deviate from the optimal performance conditions. If the deviation of the parameters increases, it is possible that the converter does not operate in steady state (becomes unstable). A number of control methods have been used to control SMPS and have solved the mentioned problem.Since a specific control method may be the most suitable method (under certain conditions) compared to other methods, each control method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Usually, it is desirable to achieve a control method that has the best performance under certain conditions.

    1-2-Research Objectives

    This thesis has introduced the reasons that lead to the selection of a specific control method, namely the sliding mode control method ([4]SMC), compared to other control methods. Detailed analysis of SMC implemented on DC-DC converter topologies has been done. In order to capture the advantages of SMC, another control method has been chosen. The response of the converter in steady state and dynamic regions controlled by two different control methods (PID [5] and SMC) has been compared.

    The research work carried out in the following logical sequence:

    Study of DC to DC converter topologies;

    Study of control methods to control converters DC to DC;

    Selecting DC to DC converters as the converter topologies on which experiments have been performed;

    Selecting conventional PID control as a control method;

    Selecting SMC as the second control method;

    Study the behavior of DC to DC converters in permanent and under dynamic conditions when two control methods are implemented

    Comparison of the results and selection of the most appropriate control method.

    It is noteworthy that the effect of SMC on the behavior of the converter in the permanent state and under dynamic conditions is better than the PID control method.

    The research process carried out is described as follows:

    In the second chapter, the linear power supply is examined and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.   In the next section, SMPSs are studied in detail and their advantages and disadvantages compared to linear regulators are shown. The classification of SMPS in isolated and non-isolated DC to DC converters is given. The resonant DC-DC converter has been studied and its advantages over DC-DC converters with hard switching have been shown. DC-DC converters operate in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Analyzes are given to select the initial value of the inductor for three basic DC-DC converters (buck, boost and buck-boost) that require the converter to operate in both CCM and DCM modes. A table is given to select the critical value of the inductor. At the end of this chapter, a classification of familiar DC-DC power supplies is shown. In the third chapter, a control method used in DC-DC converters including PID control, hysteresis control, adaptive control, flow planning control, variable structure control ([6]VSCS) and sliding mode control (SMC) is studied and each mode is analyzed separately. The control analysis of each of the control methods is given and the advantages and disadvantages of each are shown. The reasons for choosing SMC as the main control method for SMPS are given in the research work. The basic principles of SMC are shown by mathematical equations.

    Abstract

    In this thesis, control applications of smc switching power supplies has been widely studied. The main objective of research and development in this field is always finding the most appropriate control method to implement closed-loop control on the various electronic power choppers topologies. In other words, the purpose of selecting a control method is improving the efficiency of the converter, reducing the impact of disturbances (linear & load changes), to reduce the effects of electromagnetic interference and also less influence from changing converter elements. In this thesis, the study of different control method implementation on switching power supplies, such as linear and sliding mode control is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each control method are given.

  • Contents & References of Designing a robust controller in power electronic cutters and comparing it with linear control methods

    List:

    Page

    Abstract 1

    Chapter 1 Research overview 2

    1-1-Introduction 3

    1-2-Research objectives 4

    1-3 Research background 7

    1-3-1-Introduction 7

    1-3-2-Research done and applications of sliding mode control in electrical and mechanical systems: 11

    1-3-3- Theory of sliding mode control: 12

    1-3-4- Condition of existence: 13

    1-3-5- Condition of collection: 14

    1-3-6- System description in sliding mode: 15

    1-3-7- Catering disturbances: 16

    1-3-8 Researches on sliding mode control and its applications in DC to DC converters 17

    Chapter II of DC to DC power supplies 22

    2-1-Introduction 23

    2-2- Linear power supply 24

    2-3 Switching power supply 26

    2-4- Topologies of switching power supply 29

    2-4-1- Non-isolated topologies 29

    2-4-2- Isolated topologies 30

    2-4-3- Multi-switch topologies 31

    2-5. Resonant DC to DC converters 33

    2-5-1. DC to DC resonant converter topologies 34

    7-2 classification and applications of switching topology 40

    Chapter 3 control methods 44

    3-1 introduction 45

    3-2 linear and nonlinear stability of control systems 46

    3-3-control methods 49

    3-4-PID control 51

    3-5-Hysteresis control 56

    3-6- Adaptive control 60

    3-6-1-Reference model adaptive control method 61

    3-6-2-Self-adjusting controller 62

    3-7- Control with programming Flow 64

    3-8- Variable Structure Control System (VSCS) 68

    3-9 Sliding Mode Control (SMC) 70

    3-9-1- Basic of Sliding Mode Control 71

    3-10- Summary 74

    Chapter Four Sliding Mode Control 76

    4-1- Sliding mode control for DC to DC converters 77

    4 1 1 description of SMC phase scheme for DC to DC step-down converter 78

    4 1 2 SMC condition for DC to DC step-down converter 82

    4 2- Summary 86

    Chapter 5 conclusions and future works 87

    5-1 conclusion 88

    5-2 suggestions for further research work 89

    Appendices 90

    Appendix A (mathematical equations) 91

    Appendix B (simulation models and MATLAB software codes) 106

    Resources 113

     

    Source:

     

     

    [1]. Utkin, V., Guldner, J., Shi, J. 1999 a. Sliding Mode Control in Electro-mechanical Systems, ISBN0-7484-0116-4 (cased). 0-265 pages, Taylor & Francis 1999.

    [2].  Utkin, V., Bartolini, G., Ferrara, A. 1992. Design of discrete-time adaptive sliding mode control. Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1992, 16-18 Dec.1992, pp: 2387 - 2391 vol.2.

    [3]. Utkin, V. 1994. Sliding mode control in mechanical systems. Proceeding of 20th International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, IECON 94, Volume: 3, 5-9 Sept. 1994, pp: 1429 - 1431 Vol. 3. [4].  Utkin, V., Krishnaswami, V., Siviero, C., Carbognani, F., Rizzoni, G., 1996. Application of sliding mode observers to automobile power-train diagnostics. Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 1996, 15-18 Sept. 1996 pp: 355-360. [5]. Utkin, V. Zhang, Y., Changxi, J. 2000. Sensorless sliding-mode control of induction motors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Volume: 47, Issue: 6, Dec. 2000 pp: 1286-1297. [6]. Utkin, V. Derdiyok, A., Zhang, Y., Guven, M. 2001. A sliding mode speed and rotor time constant observer for induction machines. Proceeding of the 27th IEEE Annual Conference on Industrial Electronics Society, 2001. IECON 01. Volume: 2, 29 Nov.-2 Dec. 2001 pp:1400 - 1405 vol.2.

    [7].  Utkin, V., Zhang, Y. 2002. Sliding mode observers for electric machines-an overview. IECON 02 [Proceedings of the 28th IEEE 2002 Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society], Volume: 3, 5-8 Nov. 2002, pp: 1842 - 1847 Vol.3.

    [8].  Utkin, V., Loukianov, A., Canedo, J., Cabrera-Vazquez, J. 2004.Discontinuous Controller for Power Systems: Sliding-Mode Block Control Approach. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Volume: 51, Issue: 2, April 2004 pp: 340-353.

    [9].   Bondarev, A., Kostileva, N., Utkin, V. 1985. Sliding modes in systems with asymptotic state observer. Journal of Automation and Remote Control, 1985. [10].   Malesani, L., Rossetto, L., Spiazzi, G., Tenti, P. 1992. Performance optimization of Cuk converters by sliding-mode control. Conference Proceedings on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Seventh Annual, 23-27 Feb. 1992 pp: 395-402. [11].   Soumitro, B., George, C., Verghese. 2001. "Nonlinear phenomena in power electronics", ISBN 0-7803-5383-8. TK 7881.15B36 2001.

    [12]. Im, S., Kwon, W., Cho, G. 1994. Sliding mode control of a zero-current switching resonant converter. IEEE Electronics Letters, Volume: 30, Issue: 5, 3 March 1994 pp: 381-382

    [13].  Rossetto, L., Spiazzi, G., Tenti, P., Fabiano, B., Licitra, C. 1994. Fast-response high-quality rectifier with sliding mode control. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Volume: 9, Issue: 2, March 1994 pp: 146-152.

    [14].   Sira-Ramirez, H.; Rios-Bolivar, M. 1994 b. Sliding mode control of DC-to-DC power converters via extended linearization. IEEE Transactions Circuits and Systems, Fundamental Theory and Applications, Volume: 41, Issue: 10, Oct. 1994 pp: 652-661. [15]. Castilla, M., Garcia de Vicuna, L., Lopez, M., Lopez, O., Matas, J. 2000. Dynamic response optimization of quantum series-parallel resonant converters using sliding mode control. Proceeding of the IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (PESC 00), Volume: 2, 18-23 June 2000, pp: 702 - 707 vol.2.

    [16].    Orosco, R., Vazquez, N. 2000. Discrete sliding mode control for DC/DC converters. Proceeding of the VII IEEE International Power Electronics Congress, (CIEP 2000), 15-19 Oct. 2000, pp: 231-236 [17].   Alarcon, E., Romero, A., Poveda, A., Porta, S., Martinez-Salamero, L. 2001. Sliding-mode control analog integrated circuit for switching DC-DC power converters. Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, (ISCAS 2001). , Volume: 1, 6-9 May 2001 pp: 500 - 503 vol. 1.

    [18].   Cortes, D., Alvarez, J. 2002. Robust sliding mode control for the boost converter. Proceedings of VIII IEEE International Power Electronics Congress, (CIEP 2002), 20-24 Oct. 2002 pp:208-212 [19].   Fossas, E., Ras, A. 2002. Second-order sliding-mode control of a buck converter. Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Volume: 1, 10-13 Dec. 2002 pp: 346 - 347 Vol.1.

    [20].   Morel, C. 2002. Sliding mode control via current mode control in DC-DC converters. Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Volume: 5,6-9 Oct. 2002 pp: 6 pp. vol.5.

    [21].   Lopez, M., de Vacuna, L., Castilla, M., Gaya, P., Lopez, O. 2004. Current Distribution Control Design for Paralleled DC/DC Converters Using Sliding-Mode Control. Proceeding of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Volume: 51, Issue: 2, April 2004 pp: 419-428.

    [22].   Haver, R. 1974. A new approach to switching regulators. Motorola Application Note AN-719, May 1974 [23].  Pressman, A. 1977. Switching and linear power supply, power converter design. Hayden Book Co., Ltd., New York, 1977

    [24]. Cuk, S., Middlebrook, R. 1977. A New optimum topology switching DC/DC converter. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), 1977 Record, pp 160-179.

    [25]. M. Ahmed, M. Kuisma, K. Tolsa, P. Silventoinen. Standard Procedure for Modeling the Basic Three Converters (Buck, Boost, and Buck-boost) With PID Algorithm Applied. Proceedings of XIII-th International Symposium on Electrical Apparatus and Technologies, SIELA 2003, May 29-30, 2003. Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Designing a robust controller in power electronic cutters and comparing it with linear control methods
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