Abstract
Heart and blood circulation system are one of the most important organs of the human body. Any disorder in these organs has a very noticeable effect on the functioning of the whole body, because the blood circulation system is responsible for providing the energy needed by all the organs of the body (including the heart itself). Heart diseases kill a large number of people in the world every year or affect their performance. According to the statistics published by the World Health Organization, the death rate due to heart problems is much higher than any other accident or natural event. This is the main reason for the development of scientific and research activities in medical knowledge and in the field of heart diseases and its wide and rapid expansion to the field of other sciences such as engineering sciences to find effective ways to prevent this category of diseases.
This thesis is in this direction and with the aim of helping to develop algorithms for identifying cardiac arrhythmias using data obtained from systems for measuring the characteristics of the heart, the electrocardiogram signal.
This dissertation is written in three chapters and two appendices. In the first chapter, there are explanations about the importance of paying attention to this issue, as well as previous works related to it. The second chapter describes the methods and algorithms for detecting and diagnosing electrocardiogram events, and finally, the third chapter contains the validation of the presented algorithms and suggestions for the development of the issues raised in this research. In the first appendix, the anatomy and how the heart works in the circulatory system, and in the second appendix, the theories used are described in detail.
Chapter introduction
Today, many researchers and scientists in many parts of the world and in various academic fields and trends are conducting research in the field of increasing the level of prevention, health and treatment of human diseases. The seriousness and volume of these researches are mainly proportional to the degree of endangerment of the discussed issue in destroying the health of a person, and in other words, the level of investment and attention of universities and research institutes around the world to sensitive and risky issues such as the health of the heart, brain, blood, nervous system, spinal cord, etc. is at a very high level, so that today increasing the level of health and wellness of the society in the advanced countries of North America and Europe is one of the first priorities of the administrators of these countries. According to the official statistics provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008, [1] in middle-income countries (such as Iran), heart diseases have been the cause of more than a quarter of deaths. And valvular and mechanical heart problems are one of the important scientific aspirations of scientists and researchers in this field in the last five decades. In general, researchers from important American and European universities have been trying to find a solution with acceptable accuracy and suitable resistance for the past several decades, and have dedicated significant research funds to solve this great scientific problem.
Among heart diseases and problems, researchers have focused on atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia, rapid atrial fluctuations, cardiac death and syncope. They pay more attention. The reason for this is that the mentioned diseases are all curable in their initial stages, while with the passage of time and reaching acute stages, a serious risk may be created for the normal functioning of the heart.
Among all the different tissues and parts of the body, the part that has the most mechanical activity is the heart. In order to check the condition of a human's heart, doctors usually perform certain measurements and tests, and then by putting together all the evidence and useful information obtained from the measurements, they make a proper decision (diagnosis of the disease). In general, the measurements that doctors perform on a subject are divided into two categories: Invasive and Non-Invasive.In general, the measurements that doctors perform on a person under investigation are divided into two categories: Invasive and Non-Invasive. In hospitals, the departments related to these measurements are named under the headings of Non-Invasive and Invasive respectively. and provide it to the conversion and collector system. From this category, we can mention stethoscope, thermometer, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram (Echocardiogram), MRI, phonocardiogram (PCG), cuff pressure device, pulse pressure device and nuclear imaging such as CT, SPECT, PET. Due to the periodic function of the heart of mammals, in general, the measurements related to the activity of the heart have also been seen as periodic and periodic, so the signals related to different cardiac activities such as ECG, PCG and ABP, include events that the initial diagnosis of the disease can be made by the machine according to these characteristics. Heart with the help of calculators, it is first necessary to perform and record appropriate measurements that contain useful and effective information about heart activity. In the next step, the occurrences of any type of measurement should be revealed with acceptable and appropriate accuracy by a method resistant to noise and disturbances in the measurement. After this stage, it is necessary to compile and compile a database with the appropriate extent with the help of doctors and cardiologists in such a way that with its help, appropriate conclusions can be made to diagnose heart diseases and defects. rtl;">The subject of diagnosing heart diseases is generally composed of two parts:
Computational Complexity
Decision Making Complexity
Computational complexity is normally done by computers, while decision making complexity is the responsibility of doctors and specialists. is It is possible to improve the role of the computer in more accurate medical diagnoses of the human heart condition by increasing artificial intelligence and expanding and intelligentizing the knowledge base.